Ukhiye Ohamba phambili
- Ukukhula Kwezimakethe: Kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule isuka ku-USD 2.45B ngo-2023 iye ku-USD 3.53B ngo-2028 nge-CAGR engu-7.5%.
- Izindlela Ezintsha Zezobuchwepheshe: Intuthuko ku-MEMS, ECMs, kanye nobuchwepheshe be-EQset ithuthukisa ukusebenza nokunemba.
- I-Regional Dynamics: INyakatho Melika ihola, kuyilapho i-Asia Pacific ilindele ukukhula okuphezulu kakhulu.
- Amamodeli Athengiswa Kakhulu: Amathrendi emakethe aguquguqukayo, aqinile, aphezulu e-SPL, kanye namamodeli aqhuba amathrendi emakethe.
- Izicelo: Ukwanda kwesidingo kuwo wonke ukusakaza bukhoma, ukuthwebula ividiyo emfushane, ukusakaza, amageyimu, ezokuxhumana, namadivayisi ahlakaniphile.
Imakethe yemakrofoni yomhlaba wonke ibone ukukhula okuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva nje, iqhutshwa ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe bomsindo kanye nokwanda kwesidingo esivela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Ukuqamba okusha okubalulekile ku-MEMS kanye nemakrofoni ye-electret condenser kuthuthukise ukusebenza, kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana ne-EQset buye benza ukusetha kwaba lula nokunemba okuthuthukisiwe.
Amandla ezimakethe agqamisa i-CAGR eqinile nezifunda ezivelele njengeNyakatho Melika ne-Asia Pacific. Amamodeli athengiswa kakhulu ayaqhubeka nokuqhuba amathrendi ngokuguquguquka kwawo, ukuqina, nezici ezihamba phambili.
Le ndatshana icubungula lezi zinguquko zemakethe, ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, namamodeli athengiswa kakhulu akha imboni kulo nyaka.
Okuqukethwe
● Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe
● Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko nokuqanjwa kwemiklamo
● Amamodeli adayisa kakhulu ashayela amathrendi emakethe
Ukubukwa kwemakethe
Izinga lemakethe nokukhula
Imakethe yemakrofoni yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule isuka ku-USD 2,454 million ngo-2023 iye ku-USD 3,526 million ngo-2028, ngeCompound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) ka-7.5%, ngokusho kweMarketsandMarkets.
Lokhu kukhula kuqhutshwa intuthuko eqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bomsindo, njengokukhanselwa komsindo, ukwenza i-beamforming, kanye nokuthwebula umsindo okuthembekile, okwandisa isidingo kuzo zonke izimboni ezifana nezokusakaza, amageyimu, nokuxhumana ngocingo. Ukukhuphuka kwamasistimu ahlakaniphile e-automation yasekhaya namasistimu alawulwa ngezwi nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile, ngokukhula kokusetshenziswa kumadivayisi njengezipikha ezihlakaniphile namasistimu okuvikela.
Imibono yesifunda
Ngokwamasheya ezimakethe, iNyakatho Melika iyahola, kanti isifunda sase-Asia Pacific kulindeleke ukuthi sibe ne-CAGR ephezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubikezela. Izinto ezinomthelela kulokhu kukhula zihlanganisa ukuthandwa okukhulayo kwezinto zikagesi ezithengwayo, njengama-smartphone, ama-laptops, nezinto ezigqokwayo, ezidinga imibhobho eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ekusebenzeni okuhlukahlukene.
Ukwengeza, ukwamukelwa kwabasizi be-virtual abalawulwa ngezwi abafana no-Siri, Umsizi we-Google, ne-Alexa kukhulisa isidingo samakrofoni ekhwalithi enhle. Imboni iphinde ibhekane nezinselelo ezifana nezinkinga zokuhambisana nokuncintisana okukhulu, nokho amathuba agcwele isidingo esikhulayo semishini egqokekayo nezwakalayo.
Ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kanye nemiklamo emisha
Imakrofoni ye-MEMS
Amamakrofoni we-MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) ahlukaniswa ngosayizi wawo omncane, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, nokuqina okuqinile, okuwenza alungele amadivayisi esimanje ahlangene kagesi.
Ngokuvamile, imibhobho ye-MEMS ihlanganisa i-diaphragm esekwe ku-silicon eqoshwe ku-semiconductor die, okwenza i-capacitor eguqula amaza omsindo abe amasignali kagesi. Bafaka i-preamplifier yomsindo ehlanganiswe kukufa okufanayo, ihlinzeka kokubili okuphumayo kwe-analog nedijithali. Ngenani le-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) evamise ukudlula u-64 dB kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi njengokungu-150 µA, lawa makrofoni anikezela ngokusebenza okuphezulu ezindaweni ezinomsindo kagesi.
Idizayini ehlangene, engaba mncane njengo-2.75 x 1.85 mm, yenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kuma-smartphone, izinto ezigqokwayo, namadivayisi e-IoT, okuhlinzeka ngokusebenza okuzinzile ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zokudlidliza okuphezulu.
I-Electret condenser microphone
I-Electret Condenser Microphones (ECM) isebenzisa into eshajwa unaphakade (i-electret) ukuze isebenze njenge-diaphragm. Le diaphragm ibekwe eduze kwe-backplate ye-conductive, yenza i-parallel-plate capacitor. Amaza omsindo abangela ukuhluka kwamandla, okuhumushela ekushintsheni kwamandla kagesi athwetshulwe i-JFET preamplifier yangaphakathi.
Ama-ECM abonakala ngobubanzi bawo obuguquguqukayo obubanzi, nempendulo evamile yokuvama ukusuka ku-20 Hz ukuya ku-20 kHz kanye ne-SNR cishe ku-60 dB. Zithandwa ezinhlelweni zefa ngenxa yezilinganiso zazo eziphezulu ze-Ingress Protection (IP), ngokuvamile ezifinyelela ku-IP67, okuqinisekisa ukumelana nothuli namanzi.
Ama-ECM anikezela ngokuguquguquka komklamo ngezinketho zembobo edlulayo, ukukhwezwa komhlaba, nokucushwa komthofu wezintambo, okuwenza afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukumelana nemvelo okuqinile kanye nobubanzi obubanzi bamandla kagesi obusuka ku-1.5V ukuya ku-10V.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha: EQset by GRAS
Ubuchwepheshe be-EQset bumele intuthuko ephawulekayo, eqinisekisa ukuzwela okungaguquki kanye nempendulo yefrikhwensi eyisicaba ukusuka ku-20 Hz ukuya ku-20 kHz kuwo wonke amayunithi. Lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganisa isistimu yokulinganisa enembayo ephezulu ngaphakathi kwemakrofoni, isusa isidingo sokulungiswa komuntu ngamunye kanye nokunciphisa ukungaqiniseki kokulinganisa kube ngaphansi kuka-0.1 dB. Nge-THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) engaphansi kuka-0.05% ku-94 dB SPL, imibhobho ye-EQset iletha izilinganiso ezinembe kakhulu ze-acoustic.
Ubuchwepheshe buzuzisa kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza kumsindo womthengi kanye ne-telecom lapho ukuthwebula umsindo okunembayo nokwenza kabusha kubalulekile. Isekela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo ngazo zombili izinhlelo zamandla e-48V phantom kanye nokusetha kwe-CCP (Constant Current Power), okuhlinzeka ngokuguquguquka nokuhambisana nengqalasizinda yomsindo ekhona.
Amamodeli athengiswa kakhulu ashayela amathrendi emakethe
Imakrofoni ehlukahlukene
Amamakrofoni ahlukahlukene achazwa ngokuphendula kwawo kwefrikhwensi eyisicaba, ukubamba okuphezulu kwe-SPL (Izinga Lokucindezela Komsindo), kanye nephethini yokuthatha i-cardioid.
Impendulo yefrikhwensi eyisicaba, ngokuvamile esukela ku-20 Hz ukuya ku-20 kHz, iqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha komsindo okunembile kuyo yonke i-spectrum ezwakalayo.
Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-SPL, evame ukweqa i-140 dB, ivumela le mibhobho ukuthi ithwebule imithombo yomsindo onomsindo ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela, iyenze ifanelekele izindawo eziguquguqukayo ezifana namakhonsathi abukhoma nokuqoshwa kwe-studio.
Iphethini ye-cardioid iwuhlukanisa ngempumelelo umthombo womsindo, inciphise umsindo wangemuva nempendulo, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezifana namazwi, izinsimbi, i-podcasting, nokusakaza-bukhoma.
Imakrofoni yomsindo ofudumele futhi ohlabayo
Amamakrofoni adizayinelwe umsindo ofudumele nohlabayo ahamba phambili ekuthwebuleni imininingwane ecashile nezidlulayo, okuwenza alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhipha okuphezulu njengezigubhu nokushaywa. Lawa makrofoni ngokuvamile afaka iribhoni noma i-capsule eguqukayo, enikeza impendulo yefrikhwensi ebushelelezi nge-boost encane kumafrikhwensi amaphakathi aphansi, okuthuthukisa ukufudumala komsindo.
Zivamise ukuba nokuphendula okudlula ngokushesha, okuthwebula ukuhlasela okusheshayo kwezinsimbi ezishaywayo ngokunemba. Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe kungase kuhlanganise ububanzi bokuphendula obungu-30 Hz ukuya ku-15 kHz kanye nokubamba kwe-SPL kufika ku-150 dB, okuqinisekisa ukucaca kanye nemininingwane ezindaweni zokurekhoda ezinamandla aphezulu.
Imakrofoni ehlala isikhathi eside futhi yonke indawo
Amamakrofoni ahlala isikhathi eside anamaphethini okuthwebula e-omnidirectional aklanyelwe ukuphatha ama-SPL aphezulu aphezulu, ngokuvamile acishe abe ngu-140 dB, futhi anikeze impendulo yefrikhwensi ebushelelezi. Le mibhobho yakhiwe ngezivalo eziqinile, ngokuvamile eziba nezindlu zensimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nokushaqeka komzimba, umswakama, nezinga lokushisa elidlulele.
Iphethini ye-omnidirectional ithwebula umsindo ngokufanayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, iwenze ilungele ukusakaza, ukurekhoda kwenkundla, nokuthwebula imisindo ezungezile. Idizayini yazo ehlala isikhathi eside iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, futhi ngokuvamile ifaka ama-seal angamelana nesimo sezulu kanye nama-coatings ukuze avikeleke okwengeziwe.
I-SPL ephezulu kanye namakrofoni ahlukahlukene
Amamakrofoni aphezulu e-SPL anezinhlelo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo ngokuvamile afaka iphethini ye-cardioid egxilile kanye namaswishi akhelwe ngaphakathi e-bass roll-off. Iphethini ye-cardioid inikeza ukwenqatshwa okuhle kakhulu kwe-off-axis, okubalulekile ekuhlukaniseni umthombo womsindo ofunekayo ezindaweni ezinomsindo. Lawa makrofoni angakwazi ukuphatha amazinga e-SPL afika ku-155 dB, okuwenza afanelekele imithombo yomsindo ophezulu njengezigubhu, izinsimbi zethusi, nezinsimbi ezikhulisiwe.
Iswishi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi i-bass roll-off isiza ukunciphisa ukuduma kwe-low-frequency kanye nomphumela wokuba seduze, iqinisekise umsindo ohlanzekile ezimeni ezihlukahlukene zokurekhoda. Izimpendulo zemvamisa zisuka ku-20 Hz ziye ku-18 kHz zinikeza iphrofayili yomsindo elinganiselayo yezinhlelo eziningi ezihlukahlukene.
Ukumodela imakrofoni
Amamakrofoni okumodela asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulingisa obuthuthukisiwe ukuze aphindaphinde izici zomsindo zamakrofoni amaningi akudala ngaphakathi kweyunithi eyodwa. Lawa makrofoni ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ama-capsules amaningi kanye ne-DSP ethuthukisiwe (I-Digital Signal Processing) ukuze ashintshe phakathi kwamamodeli we-microphone ahlukene, anikeze ukuguquguquka okungenakuqhathaniswa ekubumbeni umsindo.
Izici eziyinhloko zifaka ububanzi bokuphendula obuningi (imvamisa engu-20 Hz ukuya ku-20 kHz), umsindo ophansi ozenzela wona (ngaphansi kuka-10 dB-A), nokubamba okuphezulu kwe-SPL (kufika ku-140 dB). Amamakrofoni okumodela eza nesofthiwe evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe imodeli yemakrofoni nephethini ye-polar ngesikhathi sangempela, banikeze iphalethi ebanzi yezinketho zethoni zezixazululo zokudala zokuqoshwa komsindo. Lobu buchwepheshe bubaluleke kakhulu kuzilungiselelo zesitudiyo, okuvumela onjiniyela nabakhiqizi ukuthi bahlole izici ezihlukile zemakrofoni ngaphandle kokudinga imibhobho eminingi ebonakalayo.
Isiphetho
Imakethe yemakrofoni yango-2023 ibonakala ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Ukuqamba okusha ku-MEMS kanye nobuchwepheshe be-condenser, kanye nokuduma kwamamodeli aguquguqukayo futhi ahlala isikhathi eside, kuyaqhubeka nokugqugquzela ukukhula futhi kulolonge izitayela zemboni. Njengoba imakethe ithuthuka, le ntuthuko kulindeleke ukuthi ihlangabezane nezidingo ezikhulayo zomsindo wekhwalithi enhle emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, iqinisekise ukukhula okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqamba okusha embonini yemakrofoni.
