Ingxenye yabantu emhlabeni ithembele erayisini njengokudla kwabo okuyinhloko kodwa ukuze bathole okungcono kakhulu, izigayo zelayisi ziyisibopho. Kusukela enguqulweni yokuqala ka-Evelyn White yesigayo serayisi, kudala, kube nokuhlolwa okuningi kwezinqubo ezihlobene nerayisi, okuye kwathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yerayisi. Isigayo serayisi sanamuhla sithambekele kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kunalokho ongakucabanga. Kule bhulogi, sizofaka ukuthi iyini indawo yokugaya irayisi, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, isetshenziswa kanjani, intengo yayo kanye nomshini werayisi ongcono kakhulu emakethe namuhla.
Okuqukethwe:
– Kuyini isigayo serayisi?
– Zisebenza kanjani izigayo zerayisi?
– Indlela yokusebenzisa irayisi
– Igayo lerayisi libiza malini?
– Izigayo zerayisi eziphezulu emakethe
Yini isigayo serayisi?
Umshini wokugaya irayisi usetshenziselwa ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokuhlubula ikhoba notshwala obumboza irayisi le-paddy ngezinga elikhulu lezimboni kuze kube yilapho lishiywa njengelayisi elimhlophe elibenyezelayo. Lezi zigayo zisukela kumayunithi amancane asetshenziswa esikalini sendawo abalimi kuya kwezentengiso ezinkulu kakhulu.
Kunezingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zokugaya irayisi. Iqukethe isicoci se-paddy, i-husker, isihlukanisi, i-polisher kanye ne-grader. I-paddy eluhlaza efakwa endaweni yokuhlanza i-paddy, futhi lona umshini osindayo okhipha utshani, amatshe, ukungcola nezinye izinto zangaphandle erayisini.Kule nqubo, ikhoba lihlukanisa ikhoba nezinhlamvu, futhi isihlukanisi sihlukanise irayisi elinsundu ekhoba. Umpholisha wenza irayisi licwebezele futhi libe fluffy. I-grader isetshenziselwa ukuhlunga irayisi kumasayizi afanelekile nezimfanelo.
Emshinini wokugaya irayisi, ukwenza umkhiqizo ongcono kusho ukukhiqiza irayisi elidliwayo, okusho ukuthi akukho okusanhlamvu okuphukile. Futhi ukwenza isigayo serayisi senze umkhiqizo ongcono, izindlela ezizosetshenziswa isigayo kufanele zibe zesimanje. Izindlela ezinjalo zanamuhla zifaka ukuhlunga ngokubona, izilawuli ezizenzakalelayo, nemishini yokonga amandla.
Zisebenza kanjani izigayo zelayisi?
Inqubo eguqula i-paddy eluhlaza ibe irayisi elipholishiwe iqala ngokuhlanzwa kwe-paddy, lapho ukungcola okukhulu nokungcoliswa kahle kususwa ngenhlanganisela yezikrini, izisefo, nezifutha-moya.
I-paddy ibe isithathwa iyiswe endaweni ye-husking lapho ama-huskers enjoloba noma ama-centrifugal dehuskers esusa ungqimba lwe-husk. Le ngxube yekhoba nelayisi elinsundu inikezwa i-aspirator ehlukanisa ikhoba elilula nerayisi elinsundu elisinda kakhulu.
Irayisi elinsundu liyagaywa (noma 'lenziwe laba mhlophe'/'lipholishwe') kunoma yisiphi isinyathelo sezinyathelo ezimbili ezisusa izendlalelo ze-bran, nge-abrasive noma ngaphandle kwayo, kusetshenziswa umshini osuselwe ukungqubuzana noma wokuhuzuka. Inani lokugaya lingahlukahluka ukuze kukhiqizwe irayisi elinamazinga ahlukene okupholisha, kusukela elayisi elinsundu (okushiya ugatsha luqinile) ukuya kwelayisi elimhlophe elipholishwe ngokugcwele (akukho bran).
Irayisi elipholishiwe libe selihlelwa ngokwezigaba futhi lihlungwe nge-optical sorter ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubukhulu berayisi elipholishiwe bufana nokuthi noma yiziphi izinto zangaphandle ziyasuswa. Okulandelayo, irayisi eliphucuziwe eliphucuziwe lipakishwa emaphaketheni futhi lilungele ukusatshalaliswa. Isinyathelo ngasinye sidlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuqinisekisa ukuthi isivuno sanda futhi umkhiqizo wokugcina ungowekhwalithi enhle.
Indlela yokusebenzisa isigayo serayisi
Ukusebenzisa isigayo serayisi kusho ngezinyathelo eziningi ukusuka ekuqaleni ngokulungisa i-paddy eluhlaza , ukuya ekugcineni ngokupakisha irayisi elipholishiwe. Okulandelayo kubonisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo yokuthi usetshenziswa kanjani isigayo serayisi.
- Ukulungiselela: Okokuqala uhlela ngokwenza ukuhlanza okuyisisekelo kwe-paddy ukususa amatshe, uthuli, utshani noma okunye ukungcola ku-paddy eluhlaza. Uvame ukukwenza ngesicoci se-paddy, esibandakanya i-cascade yamasefa nama-air blowers.
- I-Husking: Uma i-paddy isihlanziwe, yiphakele i-husker.qinisekisa ukuthi izilungiselelo ze-husker ziyalisusa i-husk ngaphandle kokulimala okusanhlamvu kwerayisi.okuphumayo kuzoba irayisi elinsundu kanye nekhoba kuhlanganiswe ndawonye.
- Ukwehlukanisa: Hlukanisa irayisi elinsundu nekhoba usebenzisa i-aspirator noma isihlukanisi se-paddy. Lungisa i-engeli yomshini ukuze uthole ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa.
- Ukugaya: Faka irayisi elinsundu endaweni yokupholisha bese ulungisa izilungiselelo zokugaya ngokwesisindo sezingqimba zikabran ofuna ukuzisusa. Ukugaya kuyisinyathelo sokunquma ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuthola irayisi elinsundu, irayisi elipholishwe kancane noma ilayisi elipholishwe ngokugcwele.
- Ukupholisha: Pholisha imikhiqizo ukuze ususe okusanhlamvu okuphukile noma okuhlukanisiwe ukuze umkhiqizo ube nekhwalithi enhle. Ukugreda: Bala irayisi ngosayizi nangekhwalithi. Kuyasiza ukususa okusanhlamvu okuphukile noma okusanhlamvu okuthintekile ukuze umkhiqizo ufane ngekhwalithi nosayizi.
- Ukupakisha: Okokugcina, pakisha irayisi elihlungiwe ezitsheni ezifanele ukuze uligcine futhi usakazwe. Lokhu kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi irayisi ligcinwe ngendlela efanele endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi lipakishwe kahle ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa nokonakala.
Ukunakekelwa okungaguquki nokufika ngesikhathi komshini wokugaya irayisi kuyadingeka ukuze usebenze kahle. Umshini kufanele uhlolwe ukuthi awukho yini ukungcola noma izinto zangaphandle, uhlanzwe futhi ufakwe esikhundleni sanoma yiziphi izingxenye ezigugile ezishintshwayo futhi zonke izilungiselelo kufanele zilungiswe kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwazo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okusanhlamvu kusezingeni eliphezulu.
Ibiza malini isigayo serayisi?
Izindleko zesigayo serayisi zincike ezicini ezifana namandla okukhiqiza, izinga lokuzenzakalela kanye nobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe. Ngezansi ngizochaza izindleko zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezigayo zelayisi ezinobuchwepheshe obuhlukene bangaphakathi. Eyokuqala neyesibili ilungele abalimi abasafufusa kanye nemifelandawonye emincane. Esokugcina isigayo sokukhiqiza irayisi. Umshini wokuqala unamandla amancane okukhiqiza. Izinga le-automation liphansi, kodwa lanele abasebenzi abangafika kwabayi-100. Ngakho-ke izindleko ziphansi futhi zizungeze i-$ 1,000 kuya ku-$ 10,000. Umshini wesibili ufana nowokuqala kodwa unomthamo ophezulu kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuzenzekelayo. Izindleko zicishe zifane kodwa ziphakeme futhi zizungeze i-$ 1,000 kuya ku-$ 10,000. Umshini wesithathu unamandla okukhiqiza aphezulu futhi uzenzakalela ezingeni eliphezulu. Izisebenzi zehlisiwe zaba cishe ku-50. Izindleko zalo mshini ziphakeme kakhulu, zingaphezu kuka-$10,000.
Izigayo zelayisi ezinosayizi omaphakathi (ezingakwazi ukucubungula i-paddy eyengeziwe, ngokuvamile ngokuzenzakalela okwengeziwe) ziqala cishe ku-$20,000 bese zikhuphukela cishe ku-$100,000. Lezi zigayo ziwafanela kahle amapulazi amakhulu noma amabhizinisi amancane kuya kwaphakathi akhiqiza irayisi.
Isibonelo, izigayo zerayisi zezimboni ezinezinga eliphezulu lokuzishintshanisa namandla okukhiqiza ezohwebo zizobiza kusukela ku-$100,000 kuya ezigidini ezimbalwa zamaRandi, okuhlanganisa nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, obufana nezihlungi ze-optical, izinhlelo zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, imishini yokucubungula irayisi esebenza kahle kakhulu, imiklamo yesimanje, njalonjalo.
Lapho sinquma ngale ndaba, akufanele sicabangele kuphela izindleko zokuqala zokuthenga isigayo serayisi, kodwa sihlole ngokucophelela izindleko zokusebenza njengezindleko zamandla, izindleko zabasebenzi, izindleko zezingxenye eziyisipele kanye nokugcinwa njalo kwendawo yokugaya irayisi.
Izigayo zerayisi eziphezulu emakethe
Lapho ukhetha umshini werayisi, kunamamodeli amaningana avelele okufanele uwacabangele, njengoba le mishini ihamba phambili ngokunemba, ukwethembeka kanye nezici ezengeziwe. Nawa amanye amamodeli wakamuva wokugaya irayisi emakethe.
- I-Satake Rice Milling Systems: I-Satake iwuphawu lomhlaba wonke oluphambili embonini yokugaya irayisi, eyaziwa ngobuchwepheshe obusha, imishini yekhwalithi ephezulu nezisombululo zedijithali. Bahlinzeka ngemishini yokugaya irayisi yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, efika nezihlungi ze-smart optical, amasistimu okulawula okuzenzakalelayo asebenziseka kalula, imiklamo yokonga amandla nokunye. Ilungele abakhiqizi berayisi abancane nabakhulu.
- Iqembu le-Buhler: Uhlu lwethu olubanzi lwezixazululo zokugaya irayisi zifanelana nezidingo zakho zonke, kusukela kumthamo omkhulu kuya ezidingweni ezincane zomuntu ngamunye. Izigayo zamarayisi zaseBuhler zakhiwe ukuze zihlale. Zakhiwe ngokunemba futhi zenzelwe ukusebenza kahle. Ubuchwepheshe bakamuva obuhlanganiswe ezigayweni zethu zelayisi buthuthukisa isivuno futhi bukhuphule ikhwalithi yerayisi.
- I-Milltec Machinery Pvt. Ltd: I-Milltec Machinery Pvt. I-Ltd iyi-mfr yemishini yokugaya irayisi ezenzakalelayo, ikhiqiza izitshalo zokugaya irayisi ezizenzakalelayo - ukunikezwa kwemishini yokugaya irayisi yokulinganisa irayisi okuzenzakalelayo, ukukhushulwa kwerayisi okuzenzakalelayo, ukupholishwa kwerayisi okuzenzakalelayo, ukuthunga irayisi nemishini ye-paddy husker. Ukuba nendlela yenkuthalo yokusungula izinto ezintsha kugcine iMilltec isezingeni eliphezulu embonini kunikeza amakhasimende ayo ukwaneliseka okukhulu ukusebenza nenye yezingqalabutho embonini yokugaya irayisi.
- I-AGI MILTTEC: I-AGI MILTTEC wuphawu lwangempela lwaseTaiwan oluhlinzeka ngomugqa ogcwele wemishini yokugaya irayisi yekhwalithi ephezulu yokukhiqiza okuncane naphakathi. Imishini yethu ibonakala ngokuqina, ukusebenza kalula nokusebenza, ukusekelwa kwamahora angu-24 ngemva kokuthengisa.Imishini yokugaya irayisi ye-AGI MILTTEC yenza kube nokwenzeka ngawe ukuthi uthole ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yerayisi.
- I-Zhengzhou VOS Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd: Imishini ye-VOS inemishini ehlukahlukene yokugaya irayisi enezindleko eziphansi futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yethu iyisinqumo esihle kubalimi abancane nabaphakathi abafuna umshini wemishini yokugaya irayisi ngokuzinza okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi.
Iyiphi indawo yokugaya irayisi elungele ibhizinisi lakho? T700 irayisi isigayo, FP60 irayisi isigayo noma Turbo 53? Kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Akuncikile kuphela kumthamo wakho, isabelomali kanye nezidingo zakho, kodwa futhi udinga ukuqhathanisa amamodeli ahlukene, wenze izindleko eziphelele zokubala kobunikazi bese ungakhetha umshini owudingayo.
Isiphetho
Asikwazi ukucabanga ngegayo lerayisi ngaphandle kokufeza injongo yokucubungula i-paddy eluhlaza ukuze kube irayisi elipholishiwe elaziwayo sonke esinalo endishini yethu yerayisi nekhari. Izigayo zelayisi ziyimishini eyisisekelo edlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza irayisi. Iyakwazi ukusebenzisa imisebenzi yemishini ezenzakalelayo kanye ne-semi-automatic.
Ezikhathini eziningi, abalimi abazazi zonke izici zobuchwepheshe zokuthi isigayo sisebenza kanjani noma yini edingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe umshini wokugaya irayisi. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhetheni okungalungile emishinini. Ukwazi izinhlobo, ukusebenza, amanani kanye nemodeli ephezulu yesigayo serayisi kungasiza ngempela abakhiqizi ukuthi benze ukukhetha okufanele ngokukhiqiza kwabo.
Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokubaluleka kwezigayo zelayisi kanye nokuthungwa kwe-paddy okungalungile ngaphambi kokucubungula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izogxila ezinhlotsheni zezigayo zelayisi nendlela ezisebenza ngayo ukuze zikhiqize umkhiqizo ophucuziwe. Izophinde ikhulume ngezinzuzo eziphelele zokuba nesigayo esihle serayisi ngaphezu kwendabuko endala.
Ukuqala, ukuthungwa kwephedi elimahhadlahhadla kumele kube nzima futhi kome lapho uphuma ensimini. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukulimaza izimbewu ngesikhathi sokubhula ngenxa yobuthaka bayo. Uma i-paddy ingekho esimweni esifanele noma esimweni esifanele, ingabangela ezinye izinkinga eziningi lapho icutshungulwa njengokuhlanza kancane, ukukhiqiza okuphansi, ukusebenza kahle kokugaya, kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo.
Okwesibili, izigayo zelayisi ziza ngezinhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Bahlangabezana nezidingo zezikali ezehlukene zokusebenza, kusukela kokuncane kuya kokukhiqizwa kwezinga elikhulu. Ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zabakhiqizi, ukusebenzisa umshini wokugaya irayisi ofanele onesivuno esiphezulu kungathola inzuzo ethile ekucutshungulweni kokukhiqiza.
Okokugcina, ukusebenza kwesigayo serayisi kuyisici esibalulekile. Inquma isivuno sokukhiqiza. Isigayo esisebenza kahle nesiqinile siyisinqumo esifanele sokukhiqiza okukhulu. Enye yezinzuzo ezicacile zamamodeli wakamuva we-rice Mills uma kuqhathaniswa nendabuko yizinga lemishini elinikezayo.
