Okuqukethwe
● Isingeniso
● Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe
● Izinhlobo ezahlukene nezici zazo
● Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo
● Isiphetho
Isingeniso
Ihadiwe ye-Virtual Reality (VR) ishintsha indlela amabhizinisi nezimboni ezisebenzisana ngayo nezimo zedijithali, ihlinzeka ngolwazi oluseqophelweni eliphezulu. Njengoba imakethe ikhula ngokushesha, iqhutshwa ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuyo yonke imikhakha, ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlelo ze-VR kubaluleka. Lesi sihloko sihlola isimo samanje semakethe yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ye-VR, sicubungula izici ezihlukile ze-VR engagxili, egxilile ngokuphelele, kanye ne-semi-immersive, futhi igqamisa ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokukhetha imikhiqizo efanelekile. Thola imininingwane ngamathrendi akha ikusasa le-VR futhi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ukuze uthuthukise amakhono ento engekho ngokoqobo.
Ukubukwa kwemakethe
Izinga lemakethe nokukhula
Imakethe ye-VR hardware ibhekene nokukhula okukhulu, okulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$17.9 billion ngo-2029, ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) lika-9.35% kusukela ngo-2024 kuya ku-2029. Ngokusho kwe-Statista, i-China ihola imakethe ngemali elinganiselwa ku-$2.9 billion ngo-2024, okubonisa umehluko omkhulu wesifunda ekuguquguqukeni kwezimakethe. Ezinye izifunda ezibalulekile zifaka i-United States nezingxenye ze-Europe, lapho izinga lokutholwa liphezulu.
Abashayeli ababalulekile
Isisekelo sabasebenzisi bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ze-VR kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule kakhulu, sifinyelele kubasebenzisi abayizigidi ezingu-167.2 ngo-2029. Lokhu kwenyuka kwabasebenzisi kuhambisana nezinga lokungena elikhuphukayo, okubikezelwa ukuthi lizokhula lisuka ku-2.1% ngo-2024 liye ku-2.5% ngo-2029. Izici ezinomthelela kulokhu kukhula zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu be-VR okwenza i-VR ifinyeleleke kalula futhi ifinyeleleke kalula. Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-VR ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ezifana nemidlalo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, nokuzijabulisa kuyisidingo esikhulu. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-VR buba yinkimbinkimbi, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuyakhula, kuqhubekisela phambili ukukhula kwemakethe.
Lawa mathrendi agqamisa ukuguquguquka kwemakethe yehadiwe ye-VR, ethuthukayo ngokushesha ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zabathengi nezimboni. Amahedisethi athuthukisiwe anezibonisi zokulungiswa okuphezulu, ukulandelela ukunyakaza okuthuthukisiwe, nokusebenzelana kwabasebenzisi okuqondakalayo aba sezingeni, okuthuthukisa ulwazi olunzulu ngomsebenzisi. Intshisekelo ekhulayo kokuhlangenwe nakho okugxilile kuyo yonke imikhakha eyahlukene igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlala unolwazi mayelana nentuthuko yakamuva yehadiwe ye-VR.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezici zabo
I-VR engagxili
I-VR engagxili kakhulu ihlanganisa ukusebenzisana nendawo ebonakalayo kusetshenziswa okokufaka okuvamile okuxhunywe kuma-PC, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, noma ama-smartphone. Lawa masistimu awadingi amahedisethi e-VR akhethekile noma izilawuli, okuwenza afinyeleleke kakhulu. Izici zobuchwepheshe zifaka ukusetshenziswa kwezibonisi ezijwayelekile nama-peripheral afana namakhibhodi, amagundane, namaphedi egeyimu. Ukusebenzisana kusetshenziswa izikrini ze-2D, futhi indawo ebonakalayo izulazula ngokulawula ama-avatar noma abalingisi ngaphakathi kwegeyimu. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi amageyimu afana ne-World of Warcraft ne-Dota 2, lapho abadlali behlanganyela khona emhlabeni obonakalayo oyinkimbinkimbi onezithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu nendawo enemininingwane, kodwa bahlale beqaphela indawo yabo ebonakalayo.
I-VR egxilile ngokuphelele
I-VR egxilile ngokuphelele inikeza ukuzizwisa okubonakalayo okuphelele nokungokoqobo. Ithembele ku-hardware ethuthukisiwe njengamahedisethi e-VR anokulungiswa okuphezulu, amagilavu e-haptic, amasudi wokuthwebula ukunyakaza, nama-treadmill e-omnidirectional. Lawa masistimu ngokuvamile asebenzisa izibonisi ze-stereoscopic ezinamanani okuvuselela aphezulu (ngokuvamile angu-90Hz noma ngaphezulu) ukuze anikeze okubonakalayo okubushelelezi nokufana nempilo. Ukulandelela ukunyakaza kufinyelelwa ngezinzwa ezifana nama-gyroscopes, ama-accelerometer, nama-magnetometer ahlanganiswe kumahedisethi neziteshi eziyisisekelo zangaphandle ukuze kulandelelwe ukunyakaza komsebenzisi ngesikhathi sangempela kuwo wonke amadigri enkululeko ayisithupha (6DoF). Lokhu kusetha kuvumela ukusebenzisana okunembayo nendawo ebonakalayo, okuyenza ifaneleke ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana nezilingiso zokuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokuzizwisa kwegeyimu okugxilile njengeZone Yegeyimu Yokudubula Okubonakalayo.
I-VR engagxili kakhulu
Amasistimu e-VR agxile kancane ahlanganisa izici zakho kokubili i-VR engagxili futhi egxilisa ngokugcwele, enikeza indawo emaphakathi mayelana nokucwiliswa kanye nokufinyeleleka. Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukusebenzisa amahedisethi e-VR azimele, ahlanganisa izibonisi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi nezinzwa, ezisusa isidingo samakhompyutha angaphandle noma ama-smartphone. Amadivayisi afana ne-Oculus Quest kanye ne-HTC Vive afaka amaphrosesa ahlanganisiwe, izikrini zokucaca okuphezulu ze-OLED noma ze-LCD, kanye nokulandela umkhondo wangaphakathi ukuze uthole umuzwa wamahhala wekhebula. Lawa mahedisethi asekela ukulandelela kwe-3DoF noma i-6DoF, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi banyakaze futhi bahlanganyele ngaphakathi kwendawo echaziwe. I-Semi-immersive VR isetshenziswa ohambweni olubonakalayo lwezemfundo, ekubukeni kwezindawo ezithengiswayo, namageyimu amaphakathi, okunikeza ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenzelana okugxilile kanye nokusebenziseka kalula. Amahedisethi avame ukuza nezilawuli eziphathwa ngesandla ezinikeza impendulo ye-haptic, ethuthukisa umuzwa wokuthinta nokusebenzisana ngaphakathi kwendawo ebonakalayo.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo
I-Standalone noma i-VR esebenza nge-PC?
Amasistimu e-Standalone VR afakwe amaphrosesa akhelwe ngaphakathi, isitoreji, nezinzwa, ahlinzeka ngesixazululo sako konke esisusa isidingo samadivayisi angaphandle. Lawa masistimu ngokuvamile asebenzisa ama-chipset e-Qualcomm Snapdragon, anikeza ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ikhwalithi yokubonisa ku-VR ezimele ingahluka, ngezinqumo ezisukela ku-1440 x 1600 pixels ngeso ngalinye ukuya kumaphikiseli angu-1832 x 1920 ngeso ngalinye. Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukusekela izinketho zokuxhuma okungenantambo njenge-Wi-Fi 6 ne-Bluetooth, ezisiza ukuhlanganiswa okungenazihibe namanye amadivayisi.
Ngokuphambene, izinhlelo ze-VR ezinikwe amandla nge-PC ziphakamisa amandla aphezulu okucubungula ama-GPU edeskithophu, njengochungechunge lwe-NVIDIA RTX 30 noma uchungechunge lwe-AMD Radeon RX 6000, ukuletha izinqumo eziphakeme kakhulu (kufika ku-4K ngeso ngalinye) kanye namazinga okuvuselela angaphezu kuka-120Hz. Lawa masistimu adinga ukuxhumana kwe-HDMI noma kwe-DisplayPort kanye nezixhumi ezibonakalayo ze-USB ukuze kuxhunywe ihedisethi ku-PC, iqinisekise ukudluliswa kwedatha yomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu ukuze uthole ukuzizwisa okubushelelezi nokuphendulayo kwe-VR.
Ukuboniswa kwamahedisethi nokulandelela
Ikhwalithi egxilile yehedisethi ye-VR ithonywa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bayo bokuboniswa namandla okulandelela. Amahedisethi esimanje ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-AMOLED noma amaphaneli e-LCD ashintsha ngokushesha anamaphikseli aphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-800 PPI) ukuze anciphise umphumela womnyango wesikrini futhi anikeze okubonakalayo okubukhali, okunempilo. Isibonelo, amahedisethi anesixazululo samaphikseli angu-2160 x 2160 ngeso ngalinye aya avamile, aletha ukucaca okukhethekile. Amazinga okuvuselela abalulekile, nama-headphone amaningi asezingeni eliphezulu asekela i-90Hz kuya ku-144Hz ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunyakaza koketshezi nokunciphisa ukugula kokunyakaza. Ubuchwepheshe bokulandelela buhlanganisa izinzwa eziningi, okuhlanganisa ama-IMU (Amayunithi Okulinganisa Angasebenza) ahlanganisa ama-gyroscopes, ama-accelerometer, nama-magnetometers, ukuletha ukulandelela okuyi-6DoF okunembile. Amanye amasistimu athuthukisiwe asebenzisa izinzwa zangaphandle ze-lighthouse noma ukulandelela kwangaphakathi ngamakhamera ahlanganisiwe ukuze enze imephu yendawo futhi alandelele indawo yomsebenzisi ngokunembile ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ukulandelela isikali segumbi nokusetha
Ukusebenzisa i-VR yesikali segumbi kudinga ukusethwa ngokucophelela kwezisetshenziswa zokulandelela ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka endaweni ebonakalayo echaziwe. Iziteshi eziyisisekelo noma izinzwa zangaphandle, njengesistimu yesibani se-HTC Vive, zikhipha amasiginali we-infrared ukuze zilandelele amahedsethi kanye nokuma kwezilawuli ngaphakathi kwegumbi. Lezi zinhlelo zisekela izikhala ezifika ku-10 x 10 wamamitha, okuvumela ukunyakaza okubanzi nokusebenzisana. Abasebenzisi kufanele baqinisekise indawo ecacile engenazo izithiyo futhi bacabangele ukubekwa kwenzwa okubekwe odongeni noma okubekwe odongeni ukuze kuhlanganiswe ngokugcwele. Okunye ukusetha kusebenzisa ama-algorithms athuthukisiwe kanye nonxantathu bezinzwa eziningi ukuze kugcinwe ukunemba kokulandelela, ngisho noma umugqa wokubona wenzwa eyodwa uvinjelwe okwesikhashana.
Umsindo nokuxhumana
Umsindo wendawo wekhwalithi enhle ubalulekile ukuze uthole umuzwa we-VR ogxile ngempela, onamahedisethi amaningi ahlanganisa izipikha ezihlanganisiwe eziletha umsindo we-3D, okudala umphumela womsindo ozungezile. Ubuchwepheshe obunjengomsindo we-ambisonic kanye nemodeli ye-HRTF (I-Head-Related Transfer Function) isetshenziselwa ukulingisa imisindo engokoqobo elungisa ngokuguquguqukayo nokunyakaza kwekhanda lomsebenzisi. Izilawuli eziphathwa ngesandla, njenge-Oculus Touch noma izilawuli ze-Valve Index, zifaka izinkinobho eziningi, izinti ze-analog, nezinzwa ezinamandla ukuze kutholwe ukunyakaza kweminwe nokuthinta. Amasistimu wempendulo ye-Haptic ngaphakathi kwalezi zilawuli asebenzisa izinjini zokudlidliza futhi aphoqelele izinzwa ukuze anikeze imizwa ethintekayo, ukuthungwa okulingisa kanye nomthelela ngaphakathi kwendawo ebonakalayo. Amagilavu athuthukile namasudi okuthwebula ukunyakaza nakho kuyatholakala, ahlanganisa izinzwa ezilandelela ukunyakaza kwesandla neminwe ngokunemba kwe-sub-millimeter, okuvumela ukusebenzisana okunemininingwane ephezulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezichwepheshile ezifana ne-virtual prototyping nokuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha.
Isiphetho
Imakethe yezingxenyekazi ze-VR ithuthuka ngokushesha, igqugquzelwa ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentshisekelo ekhulayo yabathengi. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo ze-VR kanye nezici ezibalulekile ekukhetheni imikhiqizo efanele kwenza amabhizinisi nabathengi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Le mininingwane isiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuzizwisa okubonakalayo kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene, kusukela kumageyimu kuya ekuqeqeshweni kochwepheshe. Njengoba imakethe iqhubeka nokukhula, ukuhlala unolwazi mayelana nentuthuko yakamuva namathrendi kuzobaluleka ekwandiseni amandla obuchwepheshe be-VR.
