Okuqukethwe
● Isingeniso
● Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe
● Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-walkie talkies
● Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo
● Isiphetho
Isingeniso
I-Walkie talkies isiphenduke amathuluzi okuxhumana abalulekile kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi, ngenxa yokuthembeka kwawo kanye nokusebenziseka kalula. Lawa madivayisi abalulekile ezindaweni lapho ukuxhumana okusheshayo kubalulekile, njengeziza zokwakha, ukuphathwa kwemicimbi, kanye nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo. Imakethe yama-walkie talkies ikhula ngokushesha, iqhutshwa ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe okuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuphatheka kwazo. Izici ezintsha ezifana nokubethela kwezwi ledijithali, amandla e-multi-band, nemiklamo eqinile, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kuhlangabezana nezidingo eziguqukayo zochwepheshe. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, ama-walkie talkies ahlala eyingxenye ebalulekile yokuxhumana okuphumelelayo nokuvikelekile emikhakheni eyahlukene.
Ukubukwa kwemakethe
Izinga lemakethe nokukhula
Imakethe ye-walkie talkie, enenani lama-USD 3.5 billion ngo-2023, kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-USD 8.3 billion ngo-2032, ikhula ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe (CAGR) sika-9%. Lokhu kukhula kubangelwa ukwanda kwesidingo semishini yokuxhumana ephathekayo kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nesidingo sokuxhumana okuthembekile emikhakheni yezimboni neyezohwebo. Ukwengeza, izinto ezintsha ezifana nokubethela kwezwi ledijithali kanye nekhono le-multi-band liqhubekisela phambili imakethe. Ngokohlaziyo lwemakethe, ingxenye yedijithali ibusa ngezabelo zemakethe ezingaphezu kuka-60%, okubonisa ushintsho oluya ezixazululweni zokuxhumana ezisebenza kahle nezivikelekile. Ingxenye yezohwebo nezimboni ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, okulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ku-CAGR engaphezu kuka-9.5% ukusuka ngo-2024 kuya ku-2032.
Imibono yesifunda
Ngokwesifunda, i-Asia Pacific inesabelo esikhulu semakethe ye-walkie talkie futhi kulindeleke ukuthi igcine i-CAGR eqinile engaphezu kuka-10.5% ngo-2032. Ukukhula okusheshayo komnotho kanye nokwanda kwezimboni emazweni afana ne-China, Japan, ne-India kufaka isandla kulo mkhuba. Isidingo sama-walkie talkies emikhakheni efana neyokwakha, ezokukhiqiza, ezokungenisa izihambi, kanye nezokuphepha siqhuba ukukhula kwemakethe kulesi sifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwama-walkie talkies kwemisebenzi yokuzijabulisa yangaphandle njengokuqwala izintaba, ukukhempa, nemidlalo ye-adventure kungeza ekwandeni kwemakethe e-Asia Pacific.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-walkie talkies
Isevisi yomsakazo womndeni (FRS)
Imisakazo ye-Family Radio Service (FRS) yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, izinga lokungena futhi itholakala kabanzi ezitolo. Asebenza ngokuphuma kwamandla okungu-2W noma okungu-0.5W, ahlinzeka ngebanga eliphezulu elingafika kumamayela angu-2 ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle. Naphezu kwezimangalo zebanga elide, ububanzi bazo obusebenzayo buvame ukuncishiswa izithiyo ezifana nezakhiwo nezimo zezulu. Imisakazo ye-FRS isebenzisa amabhendi e-VHF noma e-UHF, anamabhendi e-UHF anikeza ukungena okungcono ngezithiyo. Azinayo ilayisense, okwenza zifinyeleleke ngaphandle kwesitifiketi se-FCC, futhi zitholakala ngokukhethekile njengamayunithi aphathwayo afanele ukusebenza okuyisisekelo.
Isevisi yomsakazo weselula (GMRS)
Imisakazo yeGeneral Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa komndeni nokungeyona eyebhizinisi futhi idinga ilayisense ye-FCC ukuze isebenze. Le misakazo ingakhipha amandla afinyelela ku-50W, andise kakhulu ububanzi bayo uma iqhathaniswa nemisakazo ye-FRS. Amayunithi e-GMRS avame ukuza nezinketho zeselula ezingafakwa ezimotweni, ezithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Izinguquko zakamuva zokulawula ze-FCC zivumela imisakazo ye-GMRS ukuthi idlulisele idatha efana nezixhumanisi ze-GPS nemilayezo emifushane yombhalo. Le misakazo yabelana ngamafrikhwensi athile ne-FRS kodwa inikeza izici ezengeziwe njengamandla omsakazo weselula namandla aphakeme aphumayo, okuyenza ibe nezinto ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwebanga elinwetshiwe.
Isevisi yerediyo esetshenziswa kakhulu (MURS)
Imisakazo ye-Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) ilungele izinhlelo zebhizinisi nezobungcweti ngenxa yokuhleleka kwayo namandla okuxhumana avikelekile. Asebenza ngamandla okukhipha afika ku-2W futhi anobubanzi obucishe bube ngamamayela angu-2. Imisakazo ye-MURS ingahlelwa ngamashaneli azimele, kuvinjwe ukulalela okungagunyaziwe. Basebenzisa amafrikhwensi e-VHF amahlanu athile (151.820 MHz, 151.880 MHz, 151.940 MHz, 154.570 MHz, kanye no-154.600 MHz), ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile nokungenaziphazamiso. Imisakazo ye-MURS iqinile futhi ivamise ukwakhelwa ukumelana nezindawo ezinokhahlo, okuyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo
Inhloso kanye nokusetshenziswa
Ukukhetha i-walkie talkie kuqala ngokukhomba ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, njengoba amamodeli ahlukene ehlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, amamodeli ezinga lokungena asebenza kumafrikhwensi omphakathi afana ne-PMR (446 MHz) noma i-LPD (433 MHz) anele. Le misakazo ivamise ukunikeza izici ezifana nezindawo zokusebenzelana ezilula, iziteshi ezingaguquki, nokubethela okuyisisekelo. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezichwepheshile, ezinjengokwakha, ukuphepha, noma imicimbi emikhulu, kudingeka amamodeli aqine kakhulu. Lawa madivayisi ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izici ezithuthukisiwe ezifana namashaneli ahlelekayo, amandla aphumayo aphezulu (afika ku-50W), nokusekelwa kwawo womabili amabhendi e-VHF (136-174 MHz) kanye ne-UHF (400-470 MHz), ahlinzeka ngebanga elinwetshiwe kanye nokungena okungcono ngokusebenzisa izithiyo.
Ibanga lokuxhumana
Ibanga lokuxhumana elisebenzayo le-walkie talkie lithonywa amandla okudlulisela, ukuphakama kothi, nezici zemvelo. Isidluliseli esingu-5W singafinyelela ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha ayi-6 endaweni evulekile, engavinjelwe. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinobuningi bezakhiwo eziphakeme, lobu bubanzi bungehla kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwe-antenna kubalulekile; i-antenna ephakeme ingathuthukisa ukucaca kwesignali nokufinyelela. Isibonelo, umsakazo ophathwa ngesandla onothi olujwayelekile ongu-10 cm ungase ube nebanga elilinganiselwe, kuyilapho uthi oluthuthukisiwe olungu-20 cm lungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza. Izici zemvelo ezinjengomswakama, imvula, kanye nesimo sezwe (isb., izindawo ezinamagquma uma ziqhathaniswa. nezindawo eziyisicaba) nazo zinomthelela ekusakazweni kwesignali.
Ibanga lemvamisa nezimfuneko zomthetho
Ama-Walkie talkies asebenza kumabhendi amafrikhwensi ahlukahlukene, isihloko ngasinye ngokwezidingo ezithile zokulawula. Amabhendi angenalayisense afana ne-PMR (446 MHz) ne-LPD (433 MHz) alungele ukusetshenziswa okuvamile futhi awadingi isitifiketi sika-opharetha. Kodwa-ke, amamodeli angochwepheshe avame ukusebenzisa amabhendi e-VHF (136-174 MHz) kanye ne-UHF (400-470 MHz), ahlinzeka ngebanga elingcono nokungena kwesignali kodwa adinga ilayisense. Lawa mafrikhwensi avumela ukusethwa kwezokuxhumana okuvumelana nezimo, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kweziteshi eziphindaphindayo ukuze kunwetshwe ukusabalala. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi befrikhwensi ye-walkie talkie bufana nempahla ekhona kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukuhambisana nokuthobela imithetho.
Impilo yebhethri nokuqina
Ukusebenza kwebhethri kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kochwepheshe. Amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) ahlala isikhathi eside futhi asebenza kahle ezimeni ezibandayo kodwa ahlushwa umthelela wenkumbulo nempilo emifushane. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion (Li-ion) anikeza ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, impilo yomjikelezo omude, futhi alula, kodwa aphuma ngokushesha kubanda kakhulu futhi anemikhawulo yokuhamba ngenxa yemithetho yezokuphepha. Izici ezifana nokuphathwa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe, okuhlanganisa izilungiselelo zokuphuma kwamandla ahlelekayo nezindlela zokulala, zinganweba impilo yokusebenza. Izici ezihlala isikhathi eside njengezilinganiso ze-IP67 zokumelana nothuli namanzi, ukuthobela i-MIL-STD-810G yokushaqeka nokudlidliza, nezinto zezindlu ezimangelengele ziqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi imelana nezindawo ezinokhahlo.
izici engeziwe
Ama-walkie talkies athuthukile anikezela ngezinhlobonhlobo zezici ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo. I-Digital signal processing (DSP) ithuthukisa ukucaca kwezwi futhi inciphisa umsindo ongemuva, obalulekile ezindaweni ezinomsindo. Izinkinobho ezihlelekayo zivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ngendlela oyifisayo ukusebenza komsakazo ukuze benze imisebenzi ethile, njengokuvula izexwayiso eziphuthumayo noma ukushintsha phakathi kwamashaneli. I-VOX (Voice-Activated Transmission) inika amandla ukusebenza kwezandla, okubalulekile emisebenzini edinga izandla zombili. Amamojula e-GPS ahlanganiswe kwamanye amamodeli ahlinzeka ngokulandela indawo ngesikhathi sangempela, okuwusizo ekuxhumaniseni amaqembu ezindaweni ezinkulu. Izindinganiso zokubethela njenge-AES-256 ziqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile, kuvikela ekulaleleni. Ukwengeza, ama-walkie talkies esimanje ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ukuxhumana kwe-Bluetooth kwezinsiza ezingenantambo, okuzenza zisebenziseke ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.
Isiphetho
Ukukhetha i-walkie talkie efanele kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo okuhambisana nezidingo ezithile kanye nezidingo zemboni. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, lawa madivaysi ayaqhubeka nokunikeza izixazululo eziqinile, ezinokwethenjelwa kuyo yonke imikhakha eyahlukene. Izici ezithuthukisiwe ezifana nokubethela kwezwi ledijithali, amandla e-multi-band, nemiklamo ehlala isikhathi eside igcizelela ukubaluleka nokuqanjwa okusha emakethe ye-walkie talkie. Ukukhetha imodeli ehambisana nendawo yokusebenza kanye nezindinganiso zokulawula kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kuzilungiselelo zochwepheshe.
