Okuqukethwe
Ukuqonda 3-eksisi, 4th-eksisi, 4-eksisi, kanye 5-eksisi CNC umshini kits
Imuphi umshini werutha we-CNC ofanele wena?
Zingaki izimbazo ozidingayo ngempela?
Ukuthenga ikhithi yerutha ye-CNC kungase kubonakale kungenangqondo ngamamodeli amaningi ahlukene emakethe. Wazi kanjani uma udinga 3-eksisi, 4-eksisi, noma 5-eksisi CNC umzila? Uyini umehluko? Awuwedwa! Kuyingqinamba evamile yawo wonke umthengi oqala ngqá okokuqala ngqa umthengi werutha ye-CNC. Funda lo mhlahlandlela olula ukukusiza uqonde ukuthi kusho ukuthini konke, futhi iyiphi imodeli elungele wena nezidingo zakho.
Ukuqonda 3-eksisi, 4th-eksisi, 4-eksisi, kanye 5-eksisi CNC umshini kits
Lezi ezinye zezinhlobo ezahlukene ozozithola emakethe njengamanje:
I-5-Axis: XYZAB, XYZAC, XYZBC (I-spindle ingazungeziswa ngo-180° kwesokunxele nakwesokudla).
4-Axis: XYZA, XYZB, XYZC (4-axis linkage).
I-4th-eksisi: YZA, XZA (3-axis linkage).
3-Axis: XYZ (3-axis ukuxhumana).
Ama-eksisi A, B, noma C ahambisana nezimbazo zokuzungezisa u-X, Y, kanye no-Z.
3-Axis CNC router imishini
Amarutha e-CNC e-3-eksisi awuhlobo olulula lomshini futhi angahambisana nezimbazo ezintathu ezihlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa, yingakho igama.
I-X-eksisi: kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla
I-Y-eksisi: ngaphambili ukuya emuva
I-Z-eksisi: phezulu naphansi
3-eksisi Imishini ye-router ye-CNC ingahamba ngezimbazo ezintathu kanyekanye; i-X-eksisi, i-Y-eksisi, ne-Z-eksisi. Ukusika ku-X-eksisi kuhambisa kancane irutha ukusuka kwesokunxele kuye kwesokudla, ukusika ku-Y-eksisi kuyisusa ukusuka phambili ukuya emuva, futhi ukusika inqamule i-Z-eksisi kuyihambisa phezulu naphansi. Le mishini isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukusika izingxenye eziyisicaba, i-2D, kanye ne-2.5D. Noma iwukubaza okuyisicaba noma okuyindilinga, kulula ukukucabanga njengokuqopha okuyisicaba.
4th-axis CNC router imishini
Ngokuvamile, uma i-axis ejikelezayo yengezwa kusethi yerutha ye-CNC engu-3-eksisi, ebizwa nangokuthi i-A-eksisi, iba umzila we-CNC ojikelezayo wesi-4. Lena indlela eshibhile yokukuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kodwa ayiguquguquki noma isebenza kahle njengomshini ofanele we-4-eksisi.
Ngakho-ke ungayihlukanisa kanjani ikhithi yerutha ye-CNC ye-4-eksisi yangempela kusukela kwe-4th-eksisi eyodwa? Isibonelo esivamile serutha ye-CNC ye-4-eksisi kungaba ukuqoshwa kwesithombe esibaziwe sikaBuddha kusuka othini lokhuni olufushane, oluyindilinga, lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa izimbazo ezi-4 njengoba kuwumdwebo wecylindrical oyi-3D. Irutha ye-4th-axis ngeke ikwazi ukwenza lokhu njengoba ingasetshenziswa kuphela ukuqopha endizeni eyisilinda, hhayi isilinda se-3D. Yingakho imishini ye-4-axis ibiza kakhulu.
4-Axis CNC router imishini
4-eksisi vs 4th-eksisi
Ithebula lerutha ye-CNC ye-4-eksisi lenza umsebenzi wenzeke kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, okuyinto ithebula lerutha ye-CNC ye-3-eksisi elingakwazi ukuwenza. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC we-4-eksisi anezimbazo ezingu-X, Y, Z, kanye no-A (noma B noma C) ezinyakazayo zonke. I-eksisi eyengeziwe ingabizwa ngokuthi i-XYZA, XYZB, noma i-XYZC. Izimbazo ezi-4 zixhunyiwe, zinganyakaza futhi zisebenze ndawonye ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kuvumela ukuqoshwa okujwayelekile, okungajwayelekile, okulinganayo, nokungalingani.
I-4-eksisi isho ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lingakwazi ukuhamba eduze kwezimbazo zika-X, Y, Z, kanye no-A ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho-ke ezindleleni ezine ezihlukene zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uhlakaniphile, eh? Imvamisa, i-X-axis isuka kwesobunxele iye kwesokudla, i-Y-axis ingaphambili ukuya emuva, kanti i-Z-axis isuka phezulu naphansi. I-eksisi engu-A iyisiqondiso esihle nesingesihle se-eksisi ejikelezayo.
Izimbazo ezintathu ngokusobala azikwazi ukuxhumanisa izimbazo ezine ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imishini yerutha ye-CNC ye-4th-axis iwuhlobo lwendlela ephakathi kuka-3- kanye no-4-axis routers. Zingahlukaniswa cishe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili, imishini yerutha ye-4th-axis flat-plane, kanye nemishini yerutha ye-4th-axis 3D CNC. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, imishini ye-router ye-4th-axis flat-plane ibaza kuphela noma isike ohlangothini olulodwa lwento.
I-4th-axis 3D machining isho ukuthi umshini ungenza ukubaza okujikelezayo kwe-3D noma ukusika ngokwezinga elithile, kodwa i-eksisi eyodwa ye-X, Y, noma i-Z iguqulwa ibe i-axis engu-A ukuze umzila. Ake sichaze umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zemishini ye-3D CNC evela emazingeni ahlukene:
1. Ngokucatshangelwa, umehluko phakathi kwemishini ye-axis engu-4 kanye ne-4th-eksisi ukuthi ukuxhunyaniswa kwama-eksisi amane ka-X, Y, Z, kanye no-A kungenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
2. Uma ubheka izinhlelo zokulawula zemishini, umshini we-CNC we-4-axis usebenzisa uhlelo lokuxhumanisa lwe-axis emine, kanti i-4th-axis isebenzisa uhlelo lokuxhumanisa lwe-axis emithathu.
3. Uhlelo lokuxhumanisa lwe-4-eksisi lusebenzisa ukudluliswa kwesignali ye-axis emine ngokuya ngezimpawu zokunyakaza zomshini nama-pulses. Ukuxhumanisa kwe-axis engu-3 kusebenzisa kuphela ukudluliswa kwesignali ye-axis emithathu, eyodwa ngaphansi kwe-4-eksisi.
4. Ngokomphumela womzila, imishini ye-4-axis inamandla amaningi okucubungula kunemishini ye-4th-axis, ukucubungula kufana kakhulu, i-angle efile incane, futhi isihloko esiqediwe siyinkimbinkimbi, sihlanzekile, futhi siyakhanga. Ungakwazi ukuqopha amaphethini amahle kakhulu.
5. Eminye umehluko ubandakanya ukuthi amaphuzu wethiphu ye-four-eksisi angashintshwa noma nini. Iphuzu lethuluzi le-4th-axis lihlala likhomba phakathi nendawo yokusebenza. Amarutha e-4-axis athuthuke kakhulu futhi athembekile kunalawo e-4th-axis. I-4-axis iyintuthuko emshinini womzila we-3D CNC. Into ebalulekile okumele uyiqaphele ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-60% yemishini ye-3D CNC router emakethe i-4th-axis. Lapho ukhetha umshini we-CNC we-4-eksisi we-3D, qaphela ukuthi ungahlukanisi kuphela phakathi kwamamodeli we-4-eksisi kanye ne-4th-eksisi, kodwa futhi uhlaziye izimo zomshini, njengosayizi, isisindo, ubulukhuni, kanye nezindlela zomshini womsebenzi wakho. Qiniseka ukuthi uyazi ukuthi utholani ngemali yakho.
Umshini womzila we-CNC we-5-eksisi
Ngakho-ke manje sithola ukhilimu wamarutha we-CNC. Lawa ma-routers afana nekhithi yomshini we-3- ne-4-Axis CNC, kodwa anezimbazo ezimbili ezengeziwe angakwazi ukuhamba nazo. Lezi zimbazo ezengeziwe zenza isikhathi sokusika noma sokubaza sisheshe kakhulu njengoba zingasika amaphethelo amahlanu ezinto ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi le mishini ine-X-eksisi ende, ayizinzile kangako ngakho-ke ingase idinge ukunaka kwakho ngaphezu kwekhithi yerutha ye-CNC engu-3- noma engu-4.
Ake sibheke imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ye 5-eksisi imishini eduze kakhudlwana
Imishini ye-CNC ye-5-axis inokusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokunemba okuphezulu, futhi i-pentahedron ingacutshungulwa ekubambeni okukodwa kwendawo yokusebenza. Uma ifakwe uhlelo lokulawula izinombolo olunama-eksisi amahlanu okuxhumana okuphezulu, angakwazi futhi ukwenza ukucubungula okuphezulu kwezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zendawo futhi alungele ukucubungula isikhunta sesimanje njengezingxenye zezimoto nezakhiwo zendiza. Kunezilungiselelo ezimbili ze-axis ejikelezayo yesikhungo se-axis eyisihlanu mpo. Enye i-axis yetafula ejikelezayo. Itafula, elibekwe phezu kombhede, lingazungeza i-X-eksisi, echazwa ngokuthi i-axis engu-A. Uhla olujwayelekile lokusebenza lwe-A-axis luyi-+30 degrees kuya ku--120 degrees. Maphakathi netafula lokusebenza, kunelinye ithebula elijikelezayo, elizungeza i-axis engu-Z endaweni eboniswe esithombeni. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi yi-C axis futhi izungeza ama-degree angu-360. Ngakho-ke, ngenhlanganisela ye-A-eksisi kanye ne-C-eksisi, ngaphandle kwesikhungo somshini esinama-eksisi amahlanu endaweni engaphansi yendawo yokusebenza, ezinye izindawo ezinhlanu zingacutshungulwa yi-spindle eqondile. Inani elincane lokuthweswa iziqu le-A-eksisi kanye ne-C-eksisi ngokuvamile lingama-degree angu-0.001 ukuze ucezu lokusebenza luhlukaniseke kunoma yimaphi ama-engeli, futhi izindawo ezithambekele, izimbobo ezigobile, njll., zingacutshungulwa.
Indawo eyinkimbinkimbi yendawo ingacutshungulwa uma i-axis engu-A kanye ne-C-eksisi zixhunywe nezimbazo zomugqa zika-X, Y, kanye no-Z. Yiqiniso, lokhu kudinga ukusekelwa kwezinhlelo ze-CNC eziphezulu, izinhlelo ze-servo, nesofthiwe. Inzuzo yaleli lungiselelo ukuthi isakhiwo sokuphotha silula, ukuqina kwe-spindle kuhle kakhulu, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, i-worktable evamile ayikwazi ukuklanywa enkulu kakhulu, futhi umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo nawo uncane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ukuzungezisa kwe-A-eksisi kukhulu noma kulingana no-90 °. Uma inkulu kakhulu i-workpiece izofaka umzuzu omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo etafuleni lokusebenza lapho usika.
Olunye uhlobo luncike ekujikelezeni kwekhanda lokuphotha eliqondile. Ingemuva elingaphambili le-shaft eyinhloko yikhanda elijikelezayo, elingakwazi ukuzungeza ngokugcwele i-Z-axis 360 degrees ukuze ibe i-C-eksisi. Ikhanda elijikelezayo liphinde libe ne-axis engu-A ekwazi ukuzungeza i-X-eksisi, engafinyelela ngokujwayelekile ngaphezu kuka-±90 degrees. Inzuzo yale ndlela yokusetha ukuthi ukucutshungulwa kokuphotha kuvumelana nezimo kakhulu, i-worktable ingaba nkulu kakhulu, futhi izinto ezinkulu ezifana ne-aircraft fuselage namagobolondo enjini zingacutshungulwa kulolu hlobo lwesikhungo somshini.
Lo mklamo unenye inzuzo enkulu: lapho abasiki be-milling abayindilinga besetshenziselwa ukucubungula izindawo ezigobile futhi umugqa wesikhungo wamathuluzi uncike endaweni emshinini, ikhwalithi yobuso bomsebenzi osikwe nge-apex izoba mbi, njengoba isivinini somugqa we-spherical milling cutter apex inguziro. I-spindle rotation yamukelwa ukwenza i-spindle ijikeleze nge-engeli ehlobene nendawo yokusebenza, okuqinisekisa isivinini esithile somugqa, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokucubungula indawo.
Lesi sakhiwo sithandwa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhunta okunemba okuphezulu kwendawo, okunzima ukuthi izikhungo zomshini wetafula ezijikelezayo zizuze. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukunemba okuphezulu kokujikeleza, i-axis ejikelezayo ephezulu iphinde ifakwe impendulo eyisiyingi, futhi ukunemba kwenkomba kungaphakathi kwemizuzwana embalwa. Ngokwemvelo, ukwakheka kokujikeleza kwalolu hlobo lwe-spindle kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza nazo ziphezulu kakhulu.
I-True 5-eksisi vs fake 5-eksisi
Imishini yeqiniso engu-5-Axis inomsebenzi we-RTCP (Rotation Tool Center Point) okusho ukuthi ingaguqulwa ngokuzenzakalela ngokuya ngobude be-spindle pendulum kanye nezixhumanisi zemishini yetafula elizungezayo.
Lapho uhlanganisa uhlelo, kufanele kucatshangelwe izixhumanisi ze-workpiece kuphela, hhayi ubude be-spindle pendulum noma ukuma kwetafula elijikelezayo. Yomibili imishini ye-5-eksisi yangempela kanye ne-fake 5-eksisi ingaba nokuxhumanisa kwama-axis amahlanu. Uma i-spindle ine-RTCP yeqiniso ye-5-axis algorithm iwukwenza ukucubungula kwenkomba. I-axis yeqiniso engu-5 enomsebenzi we-RTCP idinga kuphela ukusetha isistimu yokuxhumanisa eyodwa, futhi izixhumanisi zamathuluzi zidinga ukusethwa kanye kuphela. I-five-eksisi mbumbulu iyinkinga ngandlela thize futhi kufanele igwenywe.
Amasistimu e-CNC anomsebenzi we-RTCP angasebenzisa ngokuqondile uhlelo lwethiphu yethuluzi ngaphandle kokucabangela ibanga lesikhungo se-eksisi ejikelezayo. Ngemva kokufaka imodi ye-RTCP, ukuhlela imishini ye-CNC ye-5-eksisi kungakhomba ngokuqondile ithiphu lethuluzi esikhundleni sesikhungo sekhanda lokuphotha elijikelezayo, ngakho ukuhlela kuzoba lula kakhulu futhi kusebenze kahle kakhulu.
Ku-pseudo 5-axis double turntable, izixhumanisi eziningi zidinga ukusethwa ukuze kuzuzwe ukucutshungulwa kwenkomba. Kodwa-ke, uma kuyikhanda elijikayo le-axis engu-5, ukucutshungulwa kwenkomba akukwazi ukuqedelwa noma kunjalo, ngoba ikhanda lokujika alikona ukunyakaza okukodwa kuka-Z lapho kucutshungulwa phansi, kodwa u-Z uhamba kanye no-X noma u-Y. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlelwa kwe-5-axis okungamanga kuzoba nzima kakhulu, ukulungisa iphutha kuzoba nzima kakhulu, futhi umsebenzi we-axis we-axis amathathu awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngalesi sikhathi.
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Imuphi umshini werutha we-CNC ofanele wena?
Nakuba lawa ma-routers ebonakala eqondile ngandlela thize mayelana nalokho angakufeza, ayizingcezu zobuchwepheshe ezithambile futhi ezithuthukile. Uma ubheke ukwenza ubuciko obuningi ngemiklamo yakho futhi unesabelomali, kuyanconywa ukuthi utshale ku-4-eksisi noma i-5-axis CNC router kit. Nokho, 3-eksisi noma 4th-eksisi CNC router kits ngokuvamile ezithengekayo.
Manje njengoba usunolwazi olusebenzayo lokuthi i-router isebenza kanjani ungakwazi ukuqonda kangcono umehluko phakathi kwamamodeli ahlukahlukene okuzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi ongayithenga.
Ngamafuphi. Imishini ye-CNC ye-5-eksisi ingasika ihambisane nezimbazo ezimbili kunemishini ye-CNC ye-3-eksisi. Lawa ma-router angasika ezinhlangothini ezinhlanu zento ngesikhathi esisodwa, okunweba amandla omqhubi kanye nokuguquguquka. Ngokungafani nozakwabo be-3-axis, le mishini ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukusika izingxenye ezinkulu ze-3D. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini ye-CNC ye-5-axis ine-gantry ende kanye ne-X-axis ende, ebavumela ukuba banqume izingxenye ezinkulu; nokho, lokhu kuza ngezindleko ezinkulu; uma i-gantry iba yinde futhi iba yinde i-X-eksisi, le mishini iyanemba kancane futhi izinzile. Ukuze uthole ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okufanele, i-gantry ne-X-axis kufanele ikhawulelwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Nakuba ama-routers ebonakala eyimishini elula, ayizingcezu zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezidinga izinga elithile lobuchwepheshe ukuze zisebenze. Ukufunda kahle imanuwali noma ukuthola ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kunconywa kakhulu. Imishini ye-CNC ye-5-eksisi ivame ukubiza kakhulu kunezinhlobo ze-3-eksisi evamile, kodwa ekugcineni inikezela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu futhi inike amandla abasebenzisi ukuthi babe nobuciko kakhulu ngemiklamo yabo.
Zingaki izimbazo ozidingayo ngempela?
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wawabona amarutha e-CNC enikela ngezimbazo eziyisikhombisa, eziyisishiyagalolunye, noma eziyishumi nanye. Nakuba lezo zimbazo eziningi ezengeziwe zingase zibonakale zinzima ukuzibona ngeso lengqondo, incazelo yamajiyometri amangalisa kangaka empeleni ilula kakhulu.
Uma usebenzisana nemishini enama-spindle angaphezu kweyodwa, lapho-ke usuvele unezimbazo eziningi.
Isibonelo, imishini enama-spindle esibili nama-turrets aphansi anezimbazo eziningana: i-turret ephezulu izoba nezimbazo ezi-4 kanye ne-turret engezansi engu-2, bese unezinsimbi eziphikisanayo ezinezimbazo ezi-2 futhi. Leyo mishini ingaba nezingu-9 sezizonke.
Ingxenye, njengevalvu ye-aerospace, ingenziwa emshinini we-CNC we-5-eksisi. Noma kungenziwa kumzila we-CNC onama-axis amaningi ane-rotary B-eksisi nama-spindle amabili wama-C-eksisi amabili, kanye no-X, Y, kanye no-Z. Kukhona futhi i-turret ephansi ekunikeza u-X no-Z wesibili, okukunikeza ama-eksisi amaningi, kodwa ingxenye ngokwayo iyijiyomethri efanayo.
Ngakho-ke zingaki izimbazo ozidingayo ebhizinisini lakho?
Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ekukhiqizeni, impendulo yalowo mbuzo incike kuzicelo zakho ezithile. Isibonelo esilandelayo kufanele sisize:
I-turbine blade iyindawo ekhululekile engaba yinkimbinkimbi. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuqeda i-blade efana naleyo ukusebenzisa umshini wama-axis angu-5, ukuthatha ithuluzi ngokuzungeza i-blade airfoil. Ungasebenzisa imodeli ye-eksisi engu-3 ukwenza umshini uma ukhomba i-blade endaweni bese usebenzisa izimbazo ezintathu eziwumugqa ukuze uyibeke phezulu, kodwa leyo akuyona indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu.
I-geometry yengxenye izokutshela uma udinga ukucushwa kwe-axis engu-3-, 4- noma engu-5.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inani lezimbazo ozidingayo lincike ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa. Ingxenye ibalulekile vele, kodwa izokhawulela lokho isitolo sakho esifuna ukukufeza.
Ikhasimende lingase lilethe ingxenye, ake sithi i-titanium aerospace bracket, futhi ungase ucabange ukuthi leyo yingxenye ephelele yetafula lerutha ye-CNC ye-5-eksisi. Lowo mshini onemisebenzi eminingi ungase ungathuthukisiwe ngendlela efanayo nomshini we-CNC wama-axis angu-5, kodwa ungase unikeze ikhasimende amathuba okwenza umsebenzi we-lathe, shaft, noma we-chucker oyingxenye yohlelo lwawo lwesikhathi eside.
Enye into okufanele icatshangelwe yimvilophu yomsebenzi. Iyiphi ingxenye yosayizi omkhulu ongayifaka emshinini bese usenza izinguquko zamathuluzi kanye nokudluliselwa kwengxenye? Ukuqonda amakhono omshini we-CNC kanye nalokho ongakwazi ukukwenza nokungakwazi ukukwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ebhizinisini lakho.
Umthombo ovela Stylecnc
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olubekwe ngenhla luhlinzekwa yi-Stylecnc ngaphandle kwe-Cooig.com. I-Cooig.com ayenzi izethulo namawaranti mayelana nekhwalithi nokuthembeka komdayisi nemikhiqizo.
