Okuqukethwe
Isingeniso
Izigaba ezintathu zokuthutha ngaphezulu komgwaqo
Umthelela Omangalisayo Wezomnotho Wamaloli eMelika
Ukukhetha Imodi Elungile Yokuthunyelwa Kwakho Ngaphesheya Komgwaqo
Hlangana nama-Giants: Abadlali Ababalulekile Kwezokuthutha Ezingaphezu Komgwaqo
Isiphetho

Isingeniso

Ngaphezulu komgwaqo izinto zokuhamba ziyingxenye ebalulekile yochungechunge lokunikezela, olubandakanya inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yezigaba, izindlela, nabathwali. Ukuqonda ubunkimbinkimbi bayo kubalulekile emabhizinisini afuna ukwenza izinto ngendlela efanele futhi alethe izimpahla ngendlela efanele. Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sizohlola izigaba ezintathu zezokuthutha zomgwaqo, sihlole umthelela wezomnotho wamaloli e-United States, sixoxe ngezindlela ezihlukene ezitholakalayo zokuthunyelwa kwakho, futhi sikwethule kubabambiqhaza ababalulekile embonini. Ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko, uzoba nesisekelo esiqinile sokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi wenze lula ukusebenza kwakho.

Izigaba Ezintathu Zokuhamba Ngaphandle Komgwaqo

Ngaphezulu komgwaqo izinto zokuhamba zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu ezihlukene: imayela lokuqala, imayela eliphakathi, nemayela lokugcina. Isigaba ngasinye sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izimpahla zithuthwa kahle zisuka lapho zisuka khona ziye endaweni eziya kuyo ekugcineni.

Imayela Lokuqala: Ukuhambisa Impahla Yakho Ehabhu

Imayela lokuqala libandakanya ukuthutha izimpahla zisuka kumkhiqizi noma umphakeli ziyise kuhabhu yezokuthutha yendawo noma yesifunda. Lesi sigaba sibalulekile, njengoba sibeka ithoni yayo yonke inqubo yokuthumela. Izinto ezisebenza kahle zemayela lokuqala ziqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ipakishwe kahle, ilebula, futhi ilungele umlenze olandelayo wohambo lwayo.

I-Middle Mile: Ixhuma Izikhungo Zokusabalalisa Kuzwelonke

Uma izimpahla sezifike endaweni yezokuthutha, zingena esigabeni samamayela amaphakathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthutha impahla phakathi kwezikhungo zokusabalalisa ezweni lonke, ngokuvamile okuhlanganisa amabanga amade. Imayela elimaphakathi livamise ukusingathwa amaloli ahamba isikhathi eside, akwazi ukuthutha izimpahla ezinkulu ngendlela efanele.

I-Last Mile: Ukuletha Ezinyathelweni Zamakhasimende Akho

Isigaba sokugcina sokuhamba komgwaqo imayela lokugcina, elibandakanya ukuletha izimpahla kusukela kuhabhu lendawo kuya kukhasimende lokugcina. Lesi sigaba singaba inselele kakhulu futhi sibize kakhulu, njengoba ngokuvamile sibandakanya ukuzulazula ezindaweni zasemadolobheni eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuhlangabezana nezikhathi eziqinile zokulethwa. Izinto ezisebenza ngempumelelo zemayela lokugcina zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende nokwethembeka.

Ngokuqonda izinselele eziyingqayizivele namathuba ethulwa yisigaba ngasinye sezokuthutha emgwaqeni, amabhizinisi angakha amasu okuthuthukisa uchungechunge lwawo lokuhlinzeka futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kwawo wonke.

Umthelela Omangalisayo Wezomnotho Wamaloli eMelika

Imboni yamaloli idlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wase-United States, ithutha izigidigidi zamathani wezimpahla futhi iqasha izigidi zabantu. Ukuqonda isikali nokubaluleka kwamaloli kubalulekile emabhizinisini athembele ekuthuthweni komgwaqo.

Ukuthutha ngezinombolo: Izimpahla, Izimoto, namamayela

Ngokusho kwe-American Trucking Association (ATA), amaloli athutha cishe amaphesenti angama-72.6 wempahla yezwe ngesisindo, okuhumushela emathani amangalisayo wezimpahla eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11.46 ngo-2022 kuphela. Lokhu kulingana namathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-31 wezimpahla ezithuthwa ngamaloli njalo ngosuku. Ngo-2021, bekunamaloli abhalisiwe ayi-single unit kanye namaloli ayinhlanganisela ayizigidi eziyi-13.86, amele amaphesenti amahlanu azo zonke izimoto ezweni. Lawa maloli ahlanganisa amamayela ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5 ngo-327.48, ngamaloli ayinhlanganisela ebalelwa ku-2021 billion miles.

Ukuqashwa Embonini Yamaloli

Imboni yamaloli iwumthombo obalulekile womsebenzi e-United States. Ngo-2022, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-8.4 baqashwe emisebenzini ehlobene nomsebenzi wamaloli, ngaphandle kwabantu abazisebenzayo. Lesi sibalo sihlanganisa abashayeli bamaloli abangu-3.54 million, okuyisibalo esinyuke ngo-1.5% uma siqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Lezi zinombolo zigcizelela indima ebalulekile edlalwa ngamaloli emakethe yemisebenzi yaseMelika.

Njengoba amabhizinisi ezulazula ebunzimeni bezokuthutha emgwaqeni, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ubukhulu nomthelela wezomnotho wemboni yamaloli. Ngokuqonda lezi zici, izinkampani zingakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi zithuthukise amasu azosebenzisa amandla alo mkhakha obalulekile.

Ukukhetha Imodi Elungile Yokuthunyelwa Kwakho Ngaphesheya Komgwaqo

Ukukhetha indlela yezokuthutha eyiyo kubalulekile emabhizinisini afuna ukuthuthukisa isu lawo lokuhamba emgwaqeni. Izindlela ezine eziyinhloko - ukulayishwa kwamaloli (TL), okungaphansi komthwalo wamaloli (LTL), ukugcwala kwamaloli ngokwengxenye, kanye nephasela - ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo nokucatshangelwa kwayo.

Ukulayishwa kwamaloli (TL): Lapho Kudingeka Ikhono Eligcwele

Ukuthunyelwa kwamaloli kulungele izinkampani ezinamavolumu aphezulu okuthumela noma ukulethwa okuzwela isikhathi. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-TL kuthatha sonke isikhala noma umkhawulo wesisindo se-trailer, okuqinisekisa ukuthi konke ukuthunyelwa kulethwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokubambezeleka kanye nokulimala, njengoba kuncane ukuphathwa kwempahla. Ukulayisha iloli kubiza kakhulu uma impahla inesisindo esingaphezu kwamaphawundi angu-15,000 noma iqukethe amaphalethi angaphezu kuka-10.

Ngaphansi Komthwalo Weloli (LTL): Ukwabelana Ngesikhala Nezindleko

Ukuthumela okungaphansi kokulayishwa kwamaloli kuvumela abathumeli abaningi ukuthi babelane ngesikhala elolini elifanayo, okuyenza ibe inketho eyongayo ekuthunyelweni okuncane. Imithwalo ye-LTL ngokuvamile isukela kumaphawundi ayi-100 kuye kwayi-10,000 futhi inikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kwezinkampani ezincane nezimaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LTL kungase kube nezikhathi zokuthutha ezinde kanye nengozi enkulu yokulimala ngenxa yokuphatha okukhulayo.

Ukulayishwa Kwamaloli Ngokwengxenye: Indawo Emaphakathi Yokuthunyelwa Kosayizi Omaphakathi

Ukulayishwa kwamaloli ngokwengxenye kuyindawo ephakathi phakathi kwe-TL ne-LTL, ebhekelela ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kune-LTL kodwa okungadingi i-trailer yamaloli egcwele. Lokhu kuthunyelwa kuvame ukusuka kumaphalethi angu-8 kuye kwayi-18, amaphawundi angu-8,000 kuya kwangu-27,500, futhi kuthatha indawo engaphezu kwamafidi angu-12 esikhala esiwumugqa ku-trailer. Ukulayishwa kwamaloli ngokwengxenye kunikeza amaphesenti aphezulu okulethwa ngesikhathi kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla encane uma kuqhathaniswa ne-LTL.

Ukuthunyelwa Kwephasela: Ukuphatha Amaphakheji Amancane Ngokunakekela

Ukuthunyelwa kwephasela kulungele kangcono amaphakheji angaphansi kwamaphawundi angu-150 angaphakanyiswa ngaphandle kosizo. Ngenkathi ukuthunyelwa kwamaphasela kunikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kokuhlela ukuthatha ama-pickup, kunengozi enkulu yokuthi amaphakheji alahleke noma alimale ngenxa yosayizi wawo. Ukuthunyelwa kwamaphasela kuhilela izindawo zokuhlola ezengeziwe kanye nokudluliselwa okungenzeka, okuvumela ukulandelelwa okuseduze kodwa izikhathi zokuthutha okungenzeka zibe zinde.

Ngokuqonda izici ezihlukile zemodi ngayinye yokuthumela, amabhizinisi angakhetha inketho efaneleke kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zawo ezithile, izici zokulinganisa ezifana nosayizi wokuthunyelwa, ukuphuthuma kokulethwa, kanye nemikhawulo yesabelomali.

Hlangana nama-Giants: Abadlali Ababalulekile Kwezokuthutha Ezingaphezu Komgwaqo

Ukuzulazula endaweni yezokuthutha emgwaqeni kuhlanganisa ukuqonda abathwali abakhulu kumodi ngayinye yokuthumela. Ngokujwayelana nalaba badlali ababalulekile, ungenza izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho ukhetha inkampani yenethiwekhi yezidingo zokuthumela zebhizinisi lakho.

Izithwali eziphezulu zamaloli (TL).

Imakethe yokulayisha amaloli ibuswa abathwali abaningi abakhulu, ngayinye inamanethiwekhi amakhulu namandla. Ezinye zezinkampani eziphezulu ze-TL ezithwala i-Knight-Swift Transportation, i-JB Hunt, i-Landstar Systems, ne-Schneider. Lezi zinkampani zinikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo, ezihlanganisa iveni elomile, umkhumbi oqandisiwe, kanye ne-flatbed, ukuhlinzeka ngezimboni ezihlukahlukene nezinhlobo zokuthumela.

Izinkampani Ezihola Ngaphansi Kokulayisha Iloli (LTL).

Imakethe engaphansi kwamaloli iphinde ibonakale ngabadlali abambalwa abakhulu, nakuba ukuzamazama kwakamuva kuyaqhubeka kulandela isimemezelo sokuqothuka nokuvalwa kwe-Yellow Corp. Ezinye izithwali ze-LTL ezihamba phambili zifaka i-FedEx Freight, i-XPO Logistics, ne-Old Dominion. Lezi zinkampani zisebenza ngokukhethekile ekuhlanganiseni ukuthunyelwa okuncane okuvela kubathumeli abaningi, ukunikeza izixazululo ezibiza izindleko zamabhizinisi anezidingo zokuthumela ngevolumu ephansi.

Abahlinzeki Abakhulu Bokuthumela Iphasela

Ukuthunyelwa kwephasela kubuswa idlanzana lemidondoshiya yomhlaba, okuhlanganisa i-UPS, i-FedEx, ne-DHL. Laba bathwali banamanethiwekhi abanzi kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili obubenza bakwazi ukuphatha umthamo omkhulu wamaphakheji amancane ngendlela efanele. Banikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo, okuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwaphansi okujwayelekile, izinketho ezisheshayo, nokulethwa kwamanye amazwe, okubenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kumabhizinisi abo bonke osayizi.

Ngokuqonda amandla namandla akhethekile alaba ababambiqhaza ababalulekile embonini yezokuthutha emgwaqeni, amabhizinisi angakhetha inkampani yenethiwekhi efaneleka kakhulu ngezidingo zawo ezithile zokuthutha, aqinisekise ukulethwa kwezimpahla zawo ngendlela ephumelelayo neyongayo.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda ubunkimbinkimbi bezokuthutha emgwaqeni kubalulekile emabhizinisini afuna ukwenza izinto ngendlela efanele futhi azuze ukuncintisana. Ngokuqonda izigaba zokuthunyelwa, ukukhetha imodi elungile, nokusebenzisana nezinkampani zenethiwekhi ezibalulekile, izinkampani zingakwazi ukuhlela uchungechunge lwazo lokuhlinzeka futhi zilethe izimpahla ngendlela efanele. Behlome ngolwazi lomthelela wezomnotho wemboni kanye nabadlali abakhulu, abenzi bezinqumo bangakwazi ukuzulazula kulesi sici esibalulekile sokusebenza ngokuzethemba. Ekugcineni, ukubamba okuqinile kokuhamba komgwaqo kwenza amabhizinisi akhonze kangcono amakhasimende futhi azuze impumelelo yesikhathi eside.