Esikhathini esiphethwe ama-smartphones athambile, ifoni yesikhwama imelela njengobufakazi bezinsuku ezinzima, zokuphayona zokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini. Lesi sihloko sihlola umhlaba othakazelisayo wamafoni ezikhwama, sikhanyisela ukusebenza kwawo, izinzuzo, ububi, kanye nezeluleko ezisebenzayo zokukhetha nokusebenzisa lawa madivayisi.
Okuqukethwe:
– Iyini ifoni yesikhwama?
- Isebenza kanjani ifoni yesikhwama?
- Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zefoni yesikhwama
- Ungakhetha kanjani ifoni yesikhwama
– Isetshenziswa kanjani ifoni yesikhwama
Iyini ifoni yesikhwama?
Isikhwama sefoni wuhlobo lwefoni ephathekayo, ngokungafani nozakwabo abahlangene, efika ifakwe esikhwameni noma ikesi elinazo zonke izingxenye zayo ezidingekayo. Lezi zisetshenziswa zavela ngeminyaka yawo-1980 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, zisebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwamafoni ezimoto namaselula aphathwayo azogcina ewasibekele. Ebonakala ngosayizi wawo omkhulu, amafoni ezikhwama ayedizayinelwe ukuphatheka ngaphandle kwamandla okudela, ahlanganisa ibhethri elikhudlwana nesidlulisi esinamandla, okwakuvumela ukwamukelwa kwesignali okungcono nezikhathi zokuxhumana ezinde.
Izikhwama zamafoni ngokuvamile zazihlanganisa ihendisethi exhunywe ngentambo kuyunithi eyinhloko, eyayihlala i-transceiver, ibhethri, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uthi lwangaphandle. Konke ukusethwa bekuqukethwe esikhwameni noma esikhwameni esinesibambo ukuze kuphatheke kalula, okubenza baphatheke kalula naphezu kobukhulu bazo. Lo mklamo wawubhekelela abasebenzisi ababedinga ukuxhumana kweselula okuthembekile kodwa ababengakwazi ukufinyelela kubuchwepheshe obuncane, obuthuthuke kakhulu obuzotholakala kamuva.
Ukukhanga kwamafoni ezikhwama kubone ukuvela kabusha phakathi kwabashisekeli bezinto zikagesi zakudala nalabo abanezidingo zokuxhumana ezithile. Ukwakhiwa kwawo okuqinile, amandla esignali athuthukisiwe, nokusebenza okuqondile kunikeza enye indlela engathandeki kodwa esebenzayo kuma-smartphone esimanje, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho amaselula angawamukeli kahle noma asetshenziswe ezimeni eziphuthumayo lapho ukwethembeka kubaluleke kakhulu.
Isebenza kanjani ifoni yesikhwama?
Ukusebenza kwefoni yesikhwama kuzungeza izingxenye zayo ezithuthukisiwe ezidizayinelwe ukusebenza okuphezulu. Emgogodleni wayo, isikhwama sefoni sisebenza ngendlela efanayo kwamanye amaselula esikhathi sawo, sisebenzisa izimpawu ze-analog ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana ngezwi. Umehluko ulele kusidlulisi saso esinamandla kakhulu kanye ne-antenna enkulu, esebenza ndawonye ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwamukela isignali nokwelula ububanzi bokusebenza ukwedlula lolo lwamadivayisi aphathwayo ajwayelekile.
Uma umsebenzisi edayela inombolo kuhendisethi yefoni yesikhwama, isignali idluliswa isuka kwihendisethi iye kuyunithi eyinhloko yocingo, lapho i-transceiver icubungula isignali futhi iyithumele ngothi lwangaphandle. Le nqubo iqiniswa ibhethri elikhulu lefoni, elinikeza amandla adingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla esignali nokugcina izingxoxo ezinde. I-antenna yangaphandle, evame ukunwetshwa, ingalungiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwamukela, kuthuthukise futhi ikhono lefoni lokuxhumana ezindaweni ezinezimpawu ezibuthakathaka.
Ubuchwepheshe obusemuva kwezikhwama zamafoni, nakuba bubhekwa njengobuphelelwe yisikhathi ngokwezindinganiso zanamuhla, bubonisa ukuqonda kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezinselele zokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini, njengempilo yebhethri namandla esignali. Lawa madivayisi asebenzise amanethiwekhi eselula e-analogi, okuthi, naphezu kwemikhawulo yawo ngokuya ngokudluliswa kwedatha nokuvikeleka, anikeze izinga lokuthembeka nokumbozwa okwakubalulekile ngaleso sikhathi.
Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zefoni yesikhwama
Inzuzo eyinhloko yamafoni ezikhwama ilele ekwakhiweni kwawo okuqinile namandla esignali aphakeme. Amabhethri awo amakhudlwana nezidluliseli ezinamandla kakhudlwana zivumela ukusetshenziswa okunwetshiwe nokwamukelwa kangcono ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma ezikude, lapho izisetshenziswa zesimanje zingase zibe nzima ukuthola isignali. Lokhu kwenza amafoni ezikhwama abe yinketho enhle kakhulu kubahambi bangaphandle, abaphenduli besimo esiphuthumayo, nanoma ubani odinga indlela yokuxhumana ethembekile ezindaweni ezinokufakwa okulinganiselwe kwamaselula.
Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo zezikhwama zezingcingo ziza nezithiyo ezibalulekile. Ubukhulu nesisindo sazo kubenza baphatheke kancane kakhulu kunama-smartphones esimanje, kukhawulela ukusebenza kwawo kwansuku zonke. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokuthi asebenza kumanethiwekhi e-analog, aqedwa kakhulu, ukuthola isevisi yalawa madivayisi kungaba inselele. Ubuchwepheshe bubuye buntule izici nokusebenziseka kalula kwamaselula esimanje, njengokufinyelela ku-inthanethi, izinhlelo zokusebenza, namakhamera edijithali, okuwenza abe yinketho yezidingo ezithile esikhundleni sokunye okusebenzayo komphakathi jikelele.
Indlela yokukhetha ifoni yesikhwama
Ukukhetha ifoni yesikhwama kuhilela ukucabangela izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, hlola ukuhambisana kwedivayisi namanethiwekhi amanje weselula. Nakuba amanethiwekhi amaningi e-analog engasasebenzi, amanye amafoni ezikhwama ashintshiwe ukuze asebenze kumanethiwekhi edijithali esimanje, nakuba lokhu kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola isimo sedivayisi, ikakhulukazi uma uthenga imodeli yakudala, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isebenza ngokugcwele futhi ibhethri isesimweni esihle noma iyakwazi ukushintshwa.
Cabangela izici zefoni, ezifana nempilo yebhethri, amandla esignali, nanoma yimiphi imisebenzi eyengeziwe efana nethoshi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi noma ukufinyelela kwezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo. Lezi zici zingathinta kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwefoni, ikakhulukazi ezimeni eziphuthumayo noma ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezikude. Okokugcina, cabanga ngosayizi nesisindo sefoni nokuthi iyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zakho zokuphatheka, ukhumbula ukuthi okukhangayo okuyinhloko kwefoni yesikhwama amandla ayo okuxhumana athuthukisiwe, hhayi ukusebenziseka kwayo.
Isetshenziswa kanjani ifoni yesikhwama
Ukusebenzisa isikhwama sefoni kuqondile, nakuba kungase kudinge ukulungiswa okuthile kulabo abajwayele ama-smartphones esikrini esithintwayo. Ukuze uqale, qiniseka ukuthi idivayisi ishajiwe futhi, uma kunesidingo, uthi uthi olungaphandle luyanwetshwa futhi lubekwe endaweni ukuze lwamukeleke kahle. Amandla edivayisini, ngokuvamile ngokushintsha noma inkinobho kuyunithi eyinhloko, bese uyilinda ukuthi ixhume kunethiwekhi.
Ukuze ushaye ucingo, vele uphakamise i-handset bese udayela inombolo oyifunayo, ucindezela inkinobho ethi "thumela" noma "shayela" ukuze uqalise uxhumano. Ukwamukela izingcingo kusebenza ngendlela efanayo kwamanye amafoni, ngocingo olungenayo olukhalayo noma isexwayiso esikutshela ukuthi uphendule ngokuphakamisa ihendisethi. Amanye amamodeli anganikeza izici ezengeziwe, njengokudayela okusheshayo noma ukulinda ucingo, okungafinyelelwa kuye ngokuya ngemiyalelo yomkhiqizi.
Isiphetho: Amafoni ezikhwama, anomklamo wawo ohlukile nokusebenza okuqinile, anikeza amazwibela ahlukile ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini. Nakuba engase angangenisi ama-smartphones esimanje kubasebenzisi abaningi, izinzuzo zawo ngokwamandla esignali nokuthembeka ziwenza abe ithuluzi elibalulekile ezimeni ezithile. Ngokuqonda ukuthi la madivaysi asebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zawo kanye nemikhawulo yawo, kanye nendlela yokukhetha nokusebenzisa eyodwa ngempumelelo, abantu bangajabulela ifa elihlala njalo lamafoni ezikhwama ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe beselula.
