Amandla omoya, atuswa iziqinisekiso zawo eziluhlaza, abe yisisekelo sendawo yamandla avuselelekayo. Nokho, njenganoma yimuphi umthombo wamandla, iza nesethi yayo yezinselelo. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukukhanyisa ngobubi bamandla omoya, sinikeze ukuqonda okucashile okudlula ukudumisa okuvamile. Ngokuhlola lezi zici, abafundi bangakhuthaza umbono ohlanganiswe kahle endimeni yamandla omoya ekufuneni kwethu izisombululo zamandla esimeme.
Okuqukethwe:
1. Umthelela wendawo
2. Izinkinga zokwethenjelwa nezikhawu
3. Izidingo zengqalasizinda nendawo
4. Ukucatshangelwa kwezomnotho
5. Umsindo nokukhathazeka kobuhle
Umthelela wemvelo
Amandla omoya avame ukubungazwa ngenxa ye-carbon footprint yawo ephansi, kodwa umthelela wawo kwezemvelo udlulela ngale kokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Ukwakhiwa kwezinjini zomoya kungaphazamisa izindawo zokuhlala zezilwane zasendle, ikakhulukazi izinyoni namalulwane. Lezi zilwane zingangqubuzana nezinsimbi zomshini womoya, okuholela ekufeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokufaka ingaholela ekugugulekeni kwenhlabathi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibucayi zemvelo.
Esinye isici esivame ukunganakwa umjikelezo wempilo wenjini yomoya. Kusukela ekukhiqizeni kuye ekuyekisweni komsebenzi, isigaba ngasinye sinemithelela yezemvelo. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ibandakanya izinto ezifana nensimbi nokhonkolo, okukhiqizwa kwayo kukhipha amanani abalulekile e-CO2. Ukwengeza, umbuzo wokugaywa kabusha kwama-turbine amadala umkhulu, njengoba izinto eziyinhlanganisela ezisetshenziswa kuma-blade azikwazi ukuphinda zigaywe kabusha, okuletha izinselelo zokulawulwa kukadoti esikhathini esizayo.
Naphezu kwalokhu kukhathazeka, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imizamo yokunciphisa imithelela enjalo ngokubekwa endaweni engcono kwamapulazi omoya, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokugaywa kabusha. Le mizamo igcizelela ukuzibophezela kwemboni ekunciphiseni imikhondo yezemvelo.
Izinkinga zokuthembeka nezikhawu
Imvelo yezikhawu zomoya ingenye yezingqinamba zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya kuhambisana nezimo zezulu; izinsuku ezolile azisho ukukhiqizwa kukagesi okuncane. Lokhu kungaqiniseki kwenza kube nzima ukuhlanganiswa kugridi yamandla, kudingeke ukuthi kube nemithombo yamandla eyisipele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwamandla okuzinzile, ngokuvamile avela kumafutha emvelo, okunganciphisa izinzuzo zonke zemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka komoya kungaholela ekumoshweni kwamandla ngezikhathi zokukhiqiza ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi lapho kungekho zixazululo ezisebenzayo zokugcina amandla. Le nselele igqamisa isidingo sokuthuthuka kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, njengamabhethri, ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla omoya ngempumelelo kakhudlwana.
Naphezu kwalezi zingqinamba, ukuqaliswa kokubikezela kanye nokuphathwa kwegridi kuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwamandla omoya. Lokhu kuthuthuka, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezixazululo zesitoreji ezisebenza kahle kakhudlwana, kubalulekile ekukhuliseni amandla omoya kuphothifoliyo yamandla ahlukahlukene.
Izidingo zengqalasizinda nendawo
Ukusungula ipulazi lomoya akuyona nje indaba yokufaka ama-turbines. Idinga ingqalasizinda eningi, okuhlanganisa imigwaqo yokungena, izintambo zikagesi zokusabalalisa ugesi, neziteshi ezincane. Lezi zidingo zingaholela emithelela ebalulekile yezemvelo neyokubukwayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezihlanzekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapulazi omoya adinga izindawo ezinkulu ukuthi zibe namandla ngokwezomnotho nangokwezobuchwepheshe, ngokuvamile okuholela ezingxabanweni zokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Isidingo sendawo singaqhudelana nezithakazelo zezolimo, ezokuzijabulisa, noma ezokongiwa kwemvelo, okubangela ukuphikiswa komphakathi.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, ukubeka amasu kanye nokuxoxisana nomphakathi kungadambisa ukukhathazeka okuthile. Ukuqamba okusha ekwakhiweni kwe-turbine nakho kuthembisa ukunciphisa isikhala kanye nezidingo zengqalasizinda, okwenza amandla omoya avumelane nezimo ezahlukahlukene.
Ukucatshangelwa kwezomnotho
Nakuba izindleko zamandla omoya zehle kakhulu, izithiyo zomnotho zisekhona. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kokwakhiwa kwepulazi lomoya kukhulu, akuhlanganisi izinjini zomoya kuphela kodwa nengqalasizinda edingekayo. Lezi zindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili zingaba isithiyo, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwezimali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwamandla omoya kungathinteka izinguquko zenqubomgomo kanye nokuguquguquka kwemakethe. Izibonelelo kanye nezibonelelo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla omoya, kodwa ukuhlukahluka kwazo kungaletha ubungozi bezezimali.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselele zomnotho, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zamandla omoya, okuhlanganisa nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza kanye namandla okudala amathuba emisebenzi, zinikeza indaba ephoqelelayo yokuqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka nezindleko ziqhubeka nokwehla, amandla omoya ahlala engumdlali obalulekile ekushintsheleni kumandla avuselelekayo.
Umsindo nokukhathazeka kobuhle
Izinjini zomoya zingaba umthombo womsindo, okuthi, nakuba ngokuvamile kungenangozi, kungaba uhlupho kubahlali abaseduze. Umsindo wama-blade ajikelezayo kanye nomthelela obonakalayo wama-turbines ezindaweni ezihlala emhlabeni kuyinto evamile ukukhathazeka, ngokuvamile okuholela ekuphikisweni kwemiklamo emisha yomoya.
Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokuxhumana nomphakathi. Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-turbine yehlisa amazinga omsindo, futhi izixazululo zokudala, ezifana nokuhlanganisa izinjini zomoya endaweni eyakhelweyo, zinganciphisa umthelela obonakalayo.
Naphezu kwezinselele, izinzuzo zamandla omoya ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nokugqugquzela ukuzimela kwamandla angeke kushaywe indiva. Ukubandakanya imiphakathi ohlelweni lokuhlela nokugxila emisha yezobuchwepheshe kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nalezi zinto ezikhathazayo.
Isiphetho:
Amandla omoya, nesithembiso sawo samandla ahlanzekile, avuselelekayo, anezihibe zawo. Kusukela emithelela yemvelo kuye ezindabeni ezithembekile, ukucatshangelwa kwezomnotho, nokukhathazeka komphakathi, lezi zinselele zidinga ukunakwa okucatshangelwayo kanye nezixazululo ezintsha. Njengoba sizulazula ezinkingeni zezidingo zethu zamandla, ukuqonda ubungozi bamandla omoya kubalulekile ekwakheni ikusasa elisimeme. Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, nemizamo yokubambisana, singakwazi ukubhekana nalezi zinselele, sisebenzise amandla aphelele omoya njengengxenye yephothifoliyo yamandla ebhalansile.
