Imboni yezindlu ezithengiswayo ikhula ngokushesha njengoba nokwanda kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke, kanjalo nesidingo sezindlu ezifanele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abathengisi bezakhiwo zokwakha kanye nezinkampani zokwakha izindlu ezingabiza kakhulu zingatshala emishinini yokwenza izitini ukwengeza umkhawulo omkhulu wokuncintisana emabhizinisini abo.
Ubuchwepheshe bomshini wokwenza izitini busiza amabhizinisi akhiqize izitini ngokushesha, futhi ngezindleko eziphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, kunamamodeli amaningi abakhi bezitini atholakalayo, futhi ukukhetha okulungile kungase kubonakale kunzima. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlose ukuhlinzeka ngezinyathelo ezilula ukusiza izinkampani zithole imishini yokwenza izitini engcono kakhulu yezidingo zazo.
Okuqukethwe
Imakethe yemishini yokwenza izitini
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umshini wokwenza izitini
Izinhlobo zemishini yokwenza izitini
Imakethe yemishini yokwenza izitini
Ubukhulu bemakethe yomhlaba wonke yemishini yokwenza izitini ezizenzakalelayo kulindeleke ukuthi bufinyelele ezigidini zamadola ngo-2028. Umbiko uphakamisa ukuthi isidingo esikhulayo semishini yokwakha ethuthukisiwe, ephumelelayo, eyongayo, kanye ne-eco-friendly ingumshayeli omkhulu wemishini yokwenza izitini.
Ezinye izinto eziqhubekisela phambili le makethe yezitini yomhlaba wonke zifaka ukwanda kwesibalo sabantu emhlabeni wonke, kanye neqiniso lokuthi izinkampani zokwakha nazo zifuna ukwehlisa izindleko zokwenziwa kwezitini. Batshala emishinini yokwenza izitini ukuze bakwazi ukwenza izitini endaweni kunokuba bakhokhe izindleko zokuthutha izitini.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umshini wokwenza izitini
Imboni yezokwakha ihlinzekwa yinqwaba yabakhiqizi bemishini yokwenza izitini, bonke abancintisanayo ukuze bahehe amabhizinisi ngemikhiqizo yawo. Lokho kusho, ngaphambi kokukhetha uhlobo oluthile noma umshini, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezimbalwa, ezichazwe ngezansi:
Inani
Intengo cishe yinto yokuqala okufanele uyicabangele lapho utshala imali emshinini wokwenza izitini. Izinkampani kufanele zinqume ukuthi zizimisele ukusebenzisa malini emshinini wokwenza izitini, futhi ukuze zenze kanjalo isabelomali sanoma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali komshini kufanele sihambisane nenzuzo yazo yamanje, uhlelo lwebhizinisi, kanye nesisekelo samakhasimende ukuze zinqume ukuthi yini engenzeka noma engenakwenzeka.
Iziqinisekiso zesevisi
Umshini wokwenza izitini udinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, futhi iziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuzovikeleka. Abakhiqizi abanikeza amawaranti emikhiqizweni yabo baqinisekisa inkampani ethengayo ukuthi umshini wakhiwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi uhlala isikhathi eside. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanelekile ukuthenga umshini wokwenza izitini ngewaranti emfushane noma engekho.
Isikali sokusebenza
Inkampani ethengayo kufanele ihlole izidingo zayo zezitini ngaphambi kokutshala imali emshinini. Isibonelo, uma iphrojekthi ingencane, njengokwakha indlu elula, inkampani ingathenga umenzi wezitini omncane. Kodwa-ke, uma inkampani iphethe iphrojekthi enkulu edinga izitini eziningi, ukutshala imali emshinini omkhulu wokwenza izitini kuzosebenza kahle kakhulu futhi kuwufanele ukukhokhelwa ngaphezulu.
Isitayela sezitini
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitini, okuhlanganisa izitini zomlotha wempukane, izitini ezingenalutho, izitini ezixhumene, izitini zikakhonkolo, izitini eziqinile, nezitini zikasimende. Lezi zitini ezihlukahlukene zikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa imishini ehlukene yokwenza izitini.
Inkampani ethengayo kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi umshini ehlose ukutshala kuwo ungakhiqiza izitini ezifanele zamaphrojekthi ayo. Ingabuza abathengisi ngamakhono omshini ukuze bagweme noma yikuphi ukuphoxeka okuzayo.
Ikhwalithi yomshini
Izinga lomshini wokwenza izitini linqunywa izinto ezenziwe ngazo. Inkampani ethengayo kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi umshini ewuthengayo wakhiwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezikwazi ukumelana nesikhathi.
Ezinye izingxenye zemishini yokwenza izitini okufanele zihlolwe yiphampu, isilinda esisebenza ngogesi, kanye nevalvu njengoba zingase zibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwayo ngendlela efanele. Inkampani kufanele futhi icabangele umshini wokwenza izitini onesikhunta esine-carbonated forming ngoba sisebenza kahle futhi sinempilo ende yesevisi.
Uhlobo lwezinto kanye nosayizi
Uhlobo lomshini wokwenza izitini inkampani ewukhethayo nalo lunqunywa yizinto ezihlose ukuzisebenzisa ekwenzeni izitini. Imishini yokwenza izitini zobumba ingase ingafaneleki ukhonkolo lukasimende. Imishini ehlukene yenza nezitini ezinosayizi abahlukene okusho ukuthi kufanele zikhethwe kuye ngezidingo zephrojekthi.
Izinga lokuzimela
Imishini yokwenza izitini ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele ilawulwa izinhlelo zokulawula ze-PLC, okusho ukuthi azidingi ukungenelela komuntu. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi inamandla okukhiqiza aphezulu kunemishini ye-semi-automatic ne-manual. Noma kunjalo, zibiza kakhulu kunemishini eyenziwa ngesandla kanye ne-semi-automated.
Kalula yesondlo
Ukusevisa kuyisici ezinye izinkampani ezihlulekayo ukuzicabangela ngaphambi kokuthenga umshini. Kodwa-ke, ukugcinwa okujwayelekile kuyadingeka kuyo yonke imishini yokwenza izitini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila isikhathi eside nokusebenza kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuze wonge ezindlekweni ezansi nomgwaqo, inkampani ethengayo kufanele icabangele ukutholakala kwezingxenye eziyisipele zomshini kanye nokuba lula kokulungiswa.
Ukukhiqiza komshini
Ukukhiqiza kwemishini yokwenza izitini kuyahlukahluka emshinini owodwa kuya komunye, kuye ngokucaciswa kwawo kanye nezici. Ngakho-ke wonke umkhiqizi wezitini kufanele ahlole izidingo zabo zokukhiqiza nsuku zonke ukuze akhethe umshini ongahlangabezana nazo.
Izinhlobo zemishini yokwenza izitini
Imishini yokwenza izitini ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana kuye ngokuthi ikuphi, indlela yokusebenza, kanye nohlobo lukakhonkolo olukhiqizayo. Lapho inkampani yazi uhlobo lomshini amaphrojekthi ayo adingayo, izobekwa kangcono kakhulu ukuze yenze isinqumo esifanele lapho ithenga umshini wokwenza izitini.
Imishini yokwenza izitini ezizenzakalelayo
Imishini yokwenza izitini ezizenzakalelayo sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kokulawula, ukugcina ukunyakaza okuhambisanayo nokunemba kwesikhunta sawo kanye nokuphazamisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuguquguquka. Le mishini isebenza amahora angu-24, ikhiqiza amabhulokhi okugandaya nezitini ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngaphandle kwesidingo somsebenzi wezandla.
Alawulwa uhlelo lwe-PLC, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza nokuyinakekela. Iningi labakhiqizi bezitini bayazithanda ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwazo, ukuqina, nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Asetshenziswa ezindaweni zokwakha lapho enza izitini ezigoqane, ama-pavers ombala, amabhlogo aqinile okugandaya kanye namabhuloki kakhonkolo.
Imishini yokwenza izitini ezizenzakalelayo ngokugcwele iza namaphaneli okulawula kagesi kanye namasilinda angama-hydraulic ukuze kube lula ukusebenza. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni komgwaqo nasekwenzeni izitini zezimboni.
buhle
- Ukusebenza okulula ngenxa yesistimu ye-stacker yokulawula inverter
- Izinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela
- Ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kwamandla
- Ukwelashwa okushisayo okuphezulu
bawo
- Ibiza kakhulu
Umshini wokwenza izitini ozishintshayo ozishintshayo
Imishini yokwenza izitini ezizenzakalelayo zisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kodwa zidinga ukungenelela komuntu ukuze zisebenzise izinhlelo zokulawula. Zifanele amaphrojekthi amancane adinga ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu ku-single and double-hopper.
Zenzelwe ukusebenza amahora angama-24 kodwa ngamakhono ahlukene okukhiqiza. Umshini omncane kakhulu wokwenza izitini ozishintshayo ukhiqiza izingcezu ezijwayelekile eziyi-4,000, kanti omkhulu ungakhiqiza izingcezu eziyi-10,000 phakathi neshifu yamahora ayisishiyagalombili. Aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zephrojekthi, njengamabhulokhi aqinile, izitini ezingenalutho, nemikhiqizo yezitini ezinomumo okhethekile.
buhle
- Ikhwalithi ephezulu yokukhipha
- Uhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-hydraulic
- Amandla asebenza kahle
- Izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza
bawo
- Amandla okukhiqiza aphansi kunomshini ozishintshayo ngokugcwele
- Idinga umsebenzi womuntu
Umshini wokwenza izitini owenziwe ngesandla
Imishini yokwenza izitini ngezandla zidinga opharetha ukuthi aphakele izinto zokusetshenziswa ngesandla esikhunjeni, anyakaze, bese isikhunta siyandindizela ukuze enze izitini. Zincane futhi zinemiklamo elula okulula ukuyisebenzisa. Abasanda kungena embonini yokwenza izitini bangakwazi ukusizakala ngezindleko eziphansi zomshini ukuze bathole umuzwa wemboni ngaphambi kokuthuthukela emishinini ezenzakalelayo.
Imishini yokwenza izitini ngezandla ingenza izitini ezingenalutho, izitini eziqinile, nezitini ezimise okukhethekile. Kuye ngezinto ezitholakalayo, umuntu angakhetha ukutshala imali emshinini wokwenza izitini zomlotha wempukane owenziwe ngesandla, umshini wokwenza izitini zikasimende owenziwe ngesandla, noma umshini wokwenza izitini we-hydraulic.
buhle
- Kulula ukusebenza
- Elula ukunakekela
- Intengo eshibhile
bawo
- Okukhiphayo okuphansi
- Ukuzikhandla okuphezulu ngokomzimba
- Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi
Umshini wokwenza izitini zeHydraulic
Imishini yokwenza izitini ze-Hydraulic ziyimishini esebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo efakwe iziteshi ezisebenza ngogesi. Banokuhlukahluka kwesikhunta okuhambisana nengcindezi ye-hydraulic ukuze bakwazi ukubumba izitini kahle ngesikhathi esifushane.
Imishini yokwenza izitini ze-Hydraulic enomshini omkhulu wokucindezela amathani ingaba nokudlidliza, inikeze ukubumba kwengcindezi emile. Lo mshini ulungele labo abanolwazi lokwenza izitini abafuna ukwandisa ukusebenza kwabo kanye nokuphuma kwabo. Zifanele futhi izinkampani ezenza amathayela omgwaqo anemibala, njengoba uhlelo lwesibili lokuphakelayo lombala ebaleni lomgwaqo ludinga amandla we-hydraulic.
Lo mshini wokwenza izitini ubumba izitini ngokushesha usebenzisa ukucindezela okukhulu ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo omkhulu. Noma kunjalo, kudinga isabelomali esibalulekile ukuthenga nokumisa.
buhle
- Kusebenza kahle kakhulu
- Ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele
- Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu
bawo
- Expensive
- Ukulungisa okuyinkimbinkimbi uma kuqhathaniswa
Umshini wokwenza ibhulokhi likakhonkolo
A umshini wokwenza izitini zikakhonkolo ibumba amabhlogo ayo isebenzisa ukhonkolo njengempahla eluhlaza. Umshini ozishintshayo ngokuphelele unomshini wokuhlanganisa ukhonkolo oxuba izinto ezingavuthiwe namanzi bese udlulisela ingxube esikhunjini ukuze wenze izitini zikakhonkolo. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zokwakha izitini zikakhonkolo zihlanganisa isihlabathi, usimende, isilonda, amatshe, nomlotha ondizayo, phakathi kokunye. Umshini ungaba futhi i-semi-automatic noma manual. Inkampani ekhiqiza izitini ingasebenzisa umshini ukwenza izitini zikakhonkolo ezingenalutho, amabhlogo kakhonkolo, kanye nezitini ezikhiyayo ezinosayizi abahlukene.
buhle
Ibanga elibanzi lezitini, kusukela kumamanuwali kuya kokuzenzakalelayo
- Umshini ungenza izitini ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngaphandle kokushintsha isikhunta
- Ihambisana nemvelo
- Izitini ziqinile futhi zifanele izidingo zokwakha eziyingqayizivele
- Izinto zokusetshenziswa zitholakala kalula
bawo
- Isebenza ngokhonkolo kuphela
Umshini we-aerated aerated (AAC) we-autoclaved
Imishini kakhonkolo ene-aerated ye-Autoclave yokwenza izinto zokwakha ezingasindi noma ezifana negwebu. Imishini ikhiqiza amabhlogo, amaphaneli ophahla, ama-wall panel, ama-floor panel, nokunye.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ukhonkolo we-autoclave ithatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa:
Ukugaya- Lapho izinto ezingavuthiwe ezifana nomcako, umlotha wempukane, igypsum, usimende we-OPC, kanye nempushana ye-aluminium zigaywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okubushelelezi nekhwalithi kwezingqimba zokwakha.
Ukubhidliza- Uma imiksi yokugaya isilungile, igingqika kumathrekhi ukuze idilizwe. Lapho i-slurry ifakwa ekubunjweni, ukugwaza nokuqina kuyaqala ukufeza amandla adingekayo esinyathelweni esilandelayo.
cutting- Le nqubo ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngekhekhe elitshekile noma eliyisicaba, kuye ngokuthi ingxube ibunjwa kanjani futhi ithunyelwe emgqeni wokusika. Ukusika okutshekile kuyashesha futhi kukhethwa abantu abaningi.
Ijika: Ngemuva kokuthi amabhlogo esikwa abe yizimo nosayizi oyifunayo, adluliselwa kuma-autoclave ukuze ajike. Ama-Autoclave asebenzisa isitimu ukuze avikele amabhulokhi futhi athole amandla anele okusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
Imishini ye-AAC ingakhiqiza izitini eziqinile, izitini ezimise okwe-U, amabhlogo kakhonkolo, namabhulokhi angenalutho, iwenze afanelekele izidingo zamakhasimende.
buhle
- Ayisindi, futhi kulula ukuyifaka nokuyiphatha
- Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekushiseni, okusho ukunciphisa ukushisa
- Ine-insulation enhle kakhulu yomsindo ngenxa yezikhala zomoya ku-aerated concrete
- Isebenzisa izinto ezigaywa kabusha
- Izitini ze-AAC zikhiqizwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene
- Izinto ze-AAC zimuhlwa futhi azikwazi ukumelana nomlilo
bawo
- Umkhiqizo wokugcina ungase ubonise umbala ongahambisani nekhwalithi
- Kuyinselele ukufaka ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu njengoba isiphetho sangaphandle sidinga ukufinyeleleka okuphezulu komhwamu kuyilapho ingaphakathi lidinga ukungena kancane.
- Ibiza ngaphezu kwemishini evamile yokwenza amabhlogo kakhonkolo
Isiphetho
Njengoba isidingo semishini yokwakha yesimanje, evumelana nemvelo, ukonga, kanye nethuthukisiwe siqhubeka sikhula, ukutshala imali emshinini wokwenza izitini kungaba umqondo omuhle. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umshini owufunayo uhlangabezana nezidingo zomuntu ngaphambi kokukhetha imodeli. Isikali somuntu sokukhiqiza izitini, izinga lokuzenzakalelayo, isabelomali, nesitayela sezitini sinquma ukuthi yimuphi umshini wokwenza izitini okufanele awukhethe ekugcineni. Ngakho-ke lo mhlahlandlela ugqamise amanye amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele acatshangelwe, ukuze amabhizinisi akwazi ukukhetha ngokuzethemba umshini ofanele.
