Izidingo zezinyathelo ezifana ne-Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) zisho ukuthi amanani ephaneli yelanga e-United States angaba ngokuphindwe kabili kunase-Europe.
Iminyaka emibili edlule ibone ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwemojula ye-PV. I-Clean Energy Associates (CEA) ilindele ukukhuphuka okungu-15% komthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza ilanga kuze kube nguMeyi 2025, uma kuqhathaniswa nesidingo esengeziwe esingu-8%.
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezibe nomthelela kulokhu kungalingani. Ithemba lemisebenzi eyengeziwe yokulwa nokulahlwa kanye ne-countervailing (AD/CVDs) evela kuhulumeni wase-US, namazwe amasha okungenzeka athinteke, yenza isithombe sibe nzima kubathengi bemojula yelanga.
Ngokhetho oluhlelelwe e-United States ngoNovemba 2024, kungase kube nokunye ukuguquguquka kwenqubomgomo.
Izindleko ziyashintsha
Onjiniyela bajabulele ukwehla kwezintengo okokuqala ngqa kodwa amanani amasha anganyusa izintengo zase-US naphezu kokutholakala okuningi.
Abakhiqizi abakhulu bamamojula elanga emhlabeni jikelele bavumelana nemikhawulo ye-UFLPA yokuthumela umkhiqizo omningi kunalokho obekulindelwe futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamamojula ase-US kuyakhula. Abakhiqizi abasha abazinze e-United States nakwamanye amazwe abangathintwa ama-AD/CVDs - afana ne-Türkiye ne-Indonesia - bangathatha isikhathi ukuzivumelanisa nenqubomgomo entsha yezohwebo, njengoba kwenzeka ngemva kokwethulwa kwe-UFLPA.
Abathuthukisi be-solar bangase badinge abahlinzeki abasha futhi kuzodingeka banciphise kabili ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi nokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kwefekthri ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi.
Ubuchwepheshe ekuguqukeni
Imboni iphakathi koshintsho olusuka ku-passivated emitter rear cell (PERC) ukuya ku-tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar. I-Heterojunction (HJT) solar iyashintsha, ngisho nakumamojula we-PERC, ngezinto ezintsha ezenza amaphaneli akwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu. Onjiniyela bathwale kanzima ngokomlando ukuthenga umshwalense wamaphrojekthi ezindaweni ezihlaselwe isichotho njenge-Texas. Manje, ifilimu ingasetshenziswa ku-PV module glass ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ukuqinisa imikhiqizo. Ukushintsha okunjalo kwezobuchwepheshe kwengeza ingozi eyengeziwe ekunikezeni izivumelwano, nokho.
Amagama avumayo
Ngemuva kwemakethe yomthengisi yezinyanga ezingama-24 kuye kwezingama-36, ukuguqulwa kungavula kabusha imigomo nemibandela evumayo kubathengi. Lapho abakhiqizi bephakamisa isandla, abathuthukisi baba nesikhathi esinzima sokubancenga ukuthi babe abangenisi berekhodi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela babe nesibopho sokuthola imikhiqizo yeqe imingcele ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulandeleka ze-US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) UFLPA. Uma ukuthunyelwa kuboshwa, umngenisi werekhodi nguyena onesibopho.
Uma umthengi engumthengi werekhodi elivela kwamanye amazwe, angase abhekane nokukhokhela imikhiqizo ebhajwe esitokisini. Uma umphakeli enesibopho, izinkokhelo akudingekile ukuba zenziwe kuze kube yilapho amaphaneli esengaphakathi ezweni.
Umthengi angahlanganisa isigatshana somushwana Wokubambezeleka Okukhawulelwe kunkontileka yokuhlinzeka ukuze agweme isimo esinjalo. Uma ukuthunyelwa kubambezelekile ngenxa yokuthi akuzange kudlule izimfuneko ze-CBP emngceleni, umthengisi kuzodingeka abuyisele umthengi izindleko ezengeziwe ezenziwe.
Onjiniyela kufanele bazibuze, "Uma ngithatha isinqumo sokukhiya amanani, ingabe lawa mamojula azohlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni zokugcina impahla?" Lokho kungenye yezinto ezimbi zokuhlela kusengaphambili nokuthenga ngamanani aphansi. Uma iphrojekthi ibambezelekile, amamojula ahlala ezinqolobaneni lapho angase ahanjiswe khona ngokuphindaphindiwe kuma-forklift, okungenzeka abangele umonakalo. Onjiniyela bangaxoxisana ngemibandela yokukhawulela ubungozi obuhambisana nesitoreji sesikhathi eside, nokho.
Kukhona nengozi yokuthi ubuchwepheshe buphelelwe yisikhathi. Onjiniyela bafunde kanzima esikhathini esidlule ukuthi uma sebegcine imishini eminingi - ama-transformer namamojula - kwesinye isikhathi kuye kwavela ukuthi amaphrojekthi akhanselwa noma abambezeleka isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze ubuchwepheshe buguquke futhi umkhiqizo wabo uphelelwe yisikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, onjiniyela kudingeke ukuthi baphinde bathengise amathuluzi ngengxenye yenani abalikhokhele.
Ukungaqiniseki ngokulawula
Ukungaqiniseki kwenqubomgomo kuveza enye inselele. Kuzokwenzekani okhethweni lukamongameli lwaseMelika oluzayo futhi lokho kuzowathinta kanjani amazinga okunikezwa kwemishini yelanga kanye namazinga okukhiqiza? Onjiniyela kufanele bahlele lokho kungaqiniseki futhi bacabange ngokugcina amaphrojekthi abo kushejuli.
Ukwanda kwamanje kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kwenzeke esikhathini esifushane kangako ngenxa yezinzuzo zekhredithi yentela eziqukethwe kuMthetho Wokuncishiswa Kwamanani Amandla Wase-US (IRA) nangenxa yokuthi abakhiqizi bamisa izikhungo ngaphakathi kwe-United States ukuze bagweme imikhawulo yokungenisa.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi kanye nomhlaba wokwakha okwamanje akuhambi ngokushesha njengokukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwelanga. Noma izinselele zikhula ngasohlangothini lwentuthuko - amaphrojekthi abambezeleka, ezezimali ziyawa, futhi nemithetho yokuhlela iyashintsha - abakhiqizi basaqhubekela phambili ngesivinini esigcwele.
I-dynamics eYurophu uma iqhathaniswa ne-United States ihluke kakhulu okwamanje ngenxa ye-UFLPA. Awukho umkhawulo ofanayo okwamanje e-Europe, ngakho imakethe yezwekazi igcwele amamojula abiza kancane. Isimo sentengo siyashintshashintsha. Amanani entengo e-Europe ashone phansi afika ku-$0.11/W womthamo wokukhiqiza iphaneli. Izintengo e-United States zisahamba cishe ku-$0.24/W.
Lowo mehluko enanini uyasimama ngoba abenzi bephaneli abaningi abakwazi ukuthekelisa e-United States, njengoba basazama ukuthola inqubo yokungenisa ye-UFLPA. Imboni empeleni isungula uchungechunge lokunikezela ngempahla lwaseNyakatho Melika oluhlukile.
Imikhiqizo ingase isebenze ezindaweni ezifanayo kodwa abahlinzeki bahlukanise ngokucophelela leyo edinga ukulandeleka okugcwele ukuze iye e-United States. Amamojula amaningi ahlezi ezindlini zokugcina izimpahla e-Europe awanakho ukulandeleka okugcwele okudingekile ekungenweni kwe-United States.
Mayelana umbhali: Engilla Draper uchwepheshe ochungechungeni lokuthengwa kwempahla nempahla e-Clean Energy Associates, ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokweluleka kubathuthukisi nabakhiqizi embonini evuselelekayo.
Imibono nemibono evezwe kulesi sihloko ngeyombhali ngokwakhe, futhi ayibonisi leyo ephethwe nguye pv umagazini.
Lokhu okuqukethwe kuvikelwe yi-copyright futhi akumele kuphinde kusetshenziswe. Uma ufuna ukubambisana nathi futhi ungathanda ukuphinda usebenzise okunye okuqukethwe kwethu, sicela uthinte: editors@pv-magazine.com.
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