Imakethe yamakhadi ehluzo ilungele ukukhula ngokuqhuma ngo-2025, iqhutshwa intuthuko kwezemidlalo kanye nobuchwepheshe be-AI. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlaziya okujulile kwezinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa amakhadi ezithombe, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi abangochwepheshe benza izinqumo ezinolwazi, zamasu.
Okuqukethwe:
– Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe lwamakhadi ezithombe
– Ukuhlaziywa Okuningiliziwe Kwemakethe Yekhadi Lezithombe
- Izinto Ezibalulekile Lapho Ukhetha Ikhadi Lezithombe
- Ukupholisa Izixazululo Zokusebenza Okufanelekile
– Amathrendi Akusasa Kubuchwepheshe Bekhadi Lezithombe
- Ukuhlanganisa
Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe lwamakhadi wezithombe
Imakethe yamakhadi wezithombe emhlabeni wonke ibone ukukhula okukhulu, ngosayizi wemakethe olinganiselwa ku-USD 3.65 billion ngo-2024. Le makethe kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-USD 15.70 billion ngo-2029, okukhombisa izinga lokukhula eliqinile lonyaka (CAGR) lama-33.84%. Isidingo esikhulayo sezinhlelo zekhompiyutha ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi imidlalo, kube yimbangela eyinhloko yalokhu kukhula. Ukwenyuka kokubhaliselwe kwemidlalo kanye nokwanda kwamakhonsoli emidlalo nama-PC kuye kwabhebhethekisa isidingo samayunithi athuthukisiwe okucubungula izithombe (GPUs).
INyakatho Melika ibambe iqhaza elikhulu emakethe, iqhutshwa izinga eliphezulu lokutholwa kwama-consoles emidlalo kanye nokuba khona konjiniyela abakhulu bezobuchwepheshe. Ukutshalwa kwezimali emidlalweni ye-inthanethi kanye nokuthandwa okukhulayo kwe-esports kuqinisa ukukhula kwemakethe yesifunda. Isibonelo, ukuthengwa kwe-Microsoft kwe-Activision Blizzard Inc. kulindeleke ukuthi kukhulise ibhizinisi layo lemidlalo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhubekisele phambili isidingo sama-GPU.
Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific silindele ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, okugqugquzelwa imboni yemidlalo nokuzijabulisa ekhulayo emazweni afana neChina neSouth Korea. Isidingo sezithombe zekhompiyutha kanye nesofthiwe yokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabasebenzisi kube umshayeli omkhulu wokukhula. I-IT eqinile yesifunda kanye ne-software ecosystem, kanye nezinhlelo zikahulumeni ezikhuthaza ukwenziwa kwedijithali, kudale indawo evundile yokwandisa imakethe yamakhadi ezithombe.
Ukuhlaziywa Okuningiliziwe Kwemakethe Yekhadi Lezithombe
Imakethe yamakhadi wezithombe imakwe ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe, abadlali ababalulekile abanjengo-NVIDIA, AMD, kanye ne-Intel batshala imali kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni. Lokhu kuthuthuka kuholele ekwethulweni kwama-GPU asebenza kahle kakhulu akwazi ukuphatha izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zehluzo ze-2D ne-3D. Isibonelo, ikhadi lemifanekiso le-NVIDIA le-RTX 3090 iletha imidlalo engu-8K yama-PC, ibeka izindinganiso ezintsha kumahluzo wegeyimu.
Amandla okwabelana ngemakethe akhombisa ukuhlanganiswa okubalulekile, ngabadlali abambalwa bomhlaba kanye nesifunda abaphethe imakethe. Lezi zinkampani zigxile ekwandiseni isisekelo samakhasimende sazo somhlaba wonke kanye nokuthuthukisa ukunikezwa kwemikhiqizo yazo ngokwenza izinto ezintsha eziqhubekayo. Isibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-AMD lwe-Radeon RX 6600XT lusebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-AMD RDNA, lunikeza ukusebenza okungcono ngama-teraflops angu-9.6 obuchwepheshe be-RDNA 2 kanye no-8 GB we-GDDR6 RAM.
Ukuziphatha kwabathengi kushintshele esidingweni esiphezulu samaphrosesa akhethekile angakwazi ukuphatha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithatha izithombe. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulayo kwe-augmented reality (AR) kanye ne-virtual reality (VR) ezinhlelweni ezihlukene kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubekisele phambili ukutholwa kwe-GPU. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezithombe kwenze i-AR ne-VR yangempela yenzeka, kwadala okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi okuphoqayo. Izinkampani zakha izixazululo ze-VR zokuchaza kabusha ulwazi lwekhompuyutha nemidlalo, okuqhubekisela phambili ukukhula kwemakethe.
Imithethonqubo yezemvelo kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza ezikhuphukayo kubangela izinselele ekukhuleni kwezimakethe. Intengo ephezulu yama-GPU amanje, eqhutshwa yizindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme, idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kokuqala okuvela kubathengi. Lolu hlobo lwezimali lungabambezela ukuqanjwa kabusha futhi luvimbe ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha nokuqukethwe emakethe. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani zihlola izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu, njengezinsizakalo zezithombe ezisekelwe emafini, ukuze zinciphise lezi zinselele.
Imakethe yamakhadi ezithombe iphinde ithonywe amaphethini esidingo sesizini, neziqongo ezibonwa ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwekhonsoli yemidlalo emikhulu kanye nezinkathi zamaholide. Iziteshi zokusabalalisa zishintshile, zithanda izinkundla zokuthengisa eziku-inthanethi, ezinikeza abathengi ukufinyelela okulula kuma-GPU akamuva. Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwemakethe kuphinde kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinsizakalo zemidlalo yamafu, enikeza abadlali ukufinyelela kuma-PC amageyimu asebenza kahle ezikhungweni zedatha ngenkokhelo yokubhaliselwe yanyanga zonke.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Lapho Ukhetha Ikhadi Lezithombe
Lapho ukhetha ikhadi lemifanekiso, cabangela izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lihlangabezana nezidingo zakho ezithile. Izigaba ezilandelayo zihlola lezi zici ezibalulekile: ukusebenza, ukuhambisana, izixazululo zokupholisa, izidingo zamandla, kanye nentengo.
Ukusebenza
Ukusebenza kwekhadi lezithombe kubalulekile emisebenzini efana nokudlala, ukuhlela ividiyo, nokunikezwa kwe-3D. Ukusebenza kuncike ekwakhiweni kwe-GPU, isivinini sewashi, nokubala okuyisisekelo (ama-CUDA cores e-NVIDIA, Ama-Stream processors we-AMD). Isibonelo, i-NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 inama-cores angu-9728 CUDA kanye newashi le-boost 2.5 GHz, okuyenza ibe namandla ekufuneni izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Umthamo wememori kanye nomkhawulokudonsa nakho kubalulekile. Amakhadi asezingeni eliphezulu njenge-AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX anememori engu-24 GB ye-GDDR6 enomkhawulokudonsa ongu-960 GB/s, eqinisekisa ukusebenza okushelelayo ekulungisweni okuphezulu kanye nokuthungwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Amathuluzi okulinganisa afana ne-3DMark angasiza ukuqhathanisa amamethrikhi okusebenza.
Cabangela ukusekelwa kwekhadi kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obufana noRay Tracing nezici ezishayelwa yi-AI. Uchungechunge lwe-NVIDIA lwe-RTX, ngokwesibonelo, luhlanganisa ama-RT cores okulandelela ama-ray esikhathi sangempela, okuthuthukisa ukwethembeka okubonakalayo kumageyimu asekelwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ukuhambelana
Ukuhambisana nesistimu yakho ekhona kubalulekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ikhadi lilingana nekesi le-PC yakho nokuthi ibhodi lakho lomama linezikhala ze-PCIe ezifanele. Ama-GPU anamuhla ngokuvamile asebenzisa izikhala ze-PCIe 4.0 x16 kodwa abuyela emuva ahambisana ne-PCIe 3.0 slots, nakuba enomkhawulokudonsa oncishisiwe.
Iyunithi yakho yokuphakela amandla (i-PSU) kufanele isekele ikhadi elisha lezithombe. Amakhadi asebenza kahle kakhulu njenge-NVIDIA RTX 4090 adinga amandla afinyelela kwangu-450W nezixhumi zamandla amaningi. Kuyancomeka ukuthi ube ne-PSU enesilinganiso sokugeleza kwamanzi okungenani ngo-20-30% ngaphezu kwemfuneko ye-GPU yokusebenza okuzinzile.
Hlola ubukhulu bomzimba bekhadi, njengoba amanye ama-GPU aphezulu makhulu futhi angase angalingani kumakesi amancane. Isibonelo, i-ASUS ROG Strix RTX 4090 ikala u-357.6 mm ubude, idinga ikesi elivulekile.
Izidingo zamandla
Cabangela izidingo zamandla ukuze ugweme ukungazinzi kwesistimu. Ama-GPU asebenza kahle kakhulu adinga amandla amakhulu. Isibonelo, i-AMD Radeon RX 6900 XT idinga ubuncane be-850W PSU enezixhumi zamandla ezimbaxambili ezingu-8-pin.
Hlola i-TDP (Thermal Design Power) ye-GPU, ebonisa ukushisa okuphezulu okukhiqizwa yi-GPU namandla ewasebenzisayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-PSU yakho inezixhumi ezidingekayo namandla okusingatha i-GPU nezinye izingxenye zesistimu.
Ama-PSU e-Modular anconyelwe kumasistimu aphezulu, akuvumela ukuthi uxhume izintambo ozidingayo kuphela, unciphise imfuhlumfuhlu futhi uthuthukise ukugeleza komoya.
Price Range
Intengo iyisici esibalulekile lapho ukhetha ikhadi lezithombe. Ama-GPU asuka kuzinketho ezivumelana nesabelomali njenge-NVIDIA GTX 1650, ebiza cishe u-$150, kuya kumamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu njenge-NVIDIA RTX 4090, edlula u-$1,500.
Cabangela isabelomali sakho kanye nezidingo zokusebenza. Amakhadi ebanga eliphakathi njenge-AMD Radeon RX 6700 XT anikeza ibhalansi enhle yentengo nokusebenza, alungele imidlalo eyi-1440p nokudalwa kokuqukethwe cishe ku-$500.
Ngomthwalo owungcweti womsebenzi, amakhadi asezingeni eliphezulu njengochungechunge lwe-NVIDIA Quadro noma uchungechunge lwe-AMD Radeon Pro angase athethelelwe ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu emisebenzini efana nokumodela kwe-3D nokuhlela ividiyo.
Izixazululo Zokupholisa Zokusebenza Okufanelekile
Izixazululo zokupholisa zibalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza nokuphila isikhathi eside kwamakhadi ezithombe. Ukupholisa okuphumelelayo kuvimbela i-thermal throttling, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki.
I-Air Cooling
Ukupholisa komoya kuyindlela evame kakhulu kumakhadi wezithombe, kusetshenziswa ama-heatsink namafeni ukuqeda ukushisa. Amakhadi apholile emoyeni asezingeni eliphezulu njenge-MSI GeForce RTX 3080 Gaming X Trio anemiklamo ethuthukisiwe eshisayo enabalandeli abaningi nama-heatsink ukuze kwandiswe ukugeleza komoya kanye nokukhishwa kokushisa.
Lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Zero Frozr, emisa abalandeli lapho i-GPU ingaphansi komthwalo ophansi ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo, ama-GPU apholile emoyeni angaba nomsindo. Qinisekisa ukuthi ikesi lakho linomoya owanele wokupholisa umoya ngendlela efanele.
Ukupholisa Uketshezi
Amasistimu okupholisa uketshezi ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okushisayo okuphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nokupholisa komoya. Basebenzisa into epholisa amanzi ukudlulisa ukushisa ukusuka ku-GPU kuya kurediyetha, lapho abalandeli bekhipha ukushisa. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhudlwana futhi ithule, iyenze ibe ilungele ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nezinhlelo ze-overclocked.
Amakhadi afana ne-EVGA GeForce RTX 3090 KINGPIN Hybrid eza nezixazululo zokupholisa uketshezi ezifakwe ngaphambili. Lezi zinhlelo zidinga isikhala serediyetha kanye nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe, njengokuhlola amazinga okupholisa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuvuza. Ukupholisa uketshezi kunenzuzo kumasistimu lapho isikhala silinganiselwe futhi ukugeleza komoya kuvinjelwe.
Ukupholisa Hybrid
Ukupholisa okuhlanganisiwe kuhlanganisa izinto zokupholisa komoya kanye noketshezi, ukusebenza kokulinganisa kanye namazinga omsindo. Lawa masistimu asebenzisa ukupholisa okuwuketshezi kwengqikithi ye-GPU nokupholisa komoya kwezinye izingxenye ezifana nama-VRM (Amamojula Okulawula Amandla) kanye nama-memory chips.
I-ASUS ROG Strix LC RX 6900 XT iyisibonelo sekhadi elipholile ngokuxubile, elifaka irediyetha engu-240mm namafeni akabili wokupholisa kahle. Amasistimu we-Hybrid ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu kodwa anikezela okungcono kakhulu kuwo womabili umhlaba, okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-GPU ihlala ipholile ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo ngaphandle komsindo omkhulu.
Izixazululo Zokupholisa Ngokwezifiso
Kwabashisekayo nalabo abanezidingo zokupholisa ezithile, izixazululo zokupholisa ngokwezifiso zingenziwa ngendlela efanele ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zabo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthenga izingxenye ezihlukene njengamabhulokhi amanzi, amaphampu, ama-radiator, namafeni ukuze udale iluphu yangokwezifiso.
Amaluphu angokwezifiso anikezela ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokusebenza kokupholisa futhi anganwetshwa ukuze afake ezinye izingxenye ezifana ne-CPU nama-VRM. Badinga ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile ukuze bahlanganise futhi banakekele kodwa banikeze ukusebenza okushisayo okungenakuqhathaniswa nobuhle.
Ukupholisa Okuphansi
Ukupholisa okwenziwayo akuvamile kuma-GPU asebenza kahle kakhulu kodwa kusetshenziswa emakhadini anamandla aphansi lapho ukuncishiswa komsindo kubaluleke kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo zithembele kuma-heatsink amakhulu ukuze akhiphe ukushisa ngaphandle kwamafeni. Ngenkathi kuthulile, ukupholisa okwenziwayo kulungele kuphela ama-GPU anokuphuma kwe-thermal okuphansi futhi angase anganeli ekudlaleni noma ekuthwaleni umsebenzi ochwepheshe.
Amathrendi Akusasa Kubuchwepheshe Bekhadi Lezithombe
Umkhakha wamakhadi wezithombe ulokhu uthuthuka, ngentuthuko eshayela ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kanye nezici ezintsha. Amathrendi wesikhathi esizayo afaka ukwanda kokwamukelwa kwe-AI, intuthuko ekulandeleni imisebe, kanye nokuqanjwa kwenkumbulo nezixazululo zokupholisa.
I-AI nokufunda ngomshini
I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) kanye Nokufunda Ngomshini (ML) kuba izingxenye ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe bamakhadi ezithombe. I-DLSS ye-NVIDIA (Deep Learning Super Sampling) isebenzisa i-AI ukuze ikhuphule izinga lezithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphansi ngesikhathi sangempela, inikeze ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokubonwayo nokusebenza kumageyimu.
Ama-GPU azayo kulindeleke ukuthi afake ama-AI cores amaningi kanye nekhono elithuthukisiwe lemisebenzi eqhutshwa yi-AI. Lokhu kuzozuzisa imidlalo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezichwepheshile njengokuhlela ividiyo, lapho i-AI ingasheshisa khona imisebenzi efana nokunikezela nokudalwa kokuqukethwe.
Intuthuko kuRay Tracing
Ubuchwepheshe bokulandelela i-ray bulinganisa ukusebenzisana kokukhanya ukuze kwakhe ukukhanya okungokoqobo nezithunzi. Uchungechunge lwe-RTX ye-NVIDIA ilethe ukulandelelwa kwe-ray kokujwayelekile, futhi ama-GPU azayo avela kokubili i-NVIDIA ne-AMD kulindeleke ukuthi athuthukise lobu buchwepheshe ngokuqhubekayo.
Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokulandelela ama-ray kuzoholela kuzithombe ezingokoqobo kakhulu kumageyimu nezinhlelo zokusebenza, ezinokubonakala okungcono, izithunzi, nokukhanya komhlaba jikelele. Izihloko ezengeziwe ezihlanganisa ukulandelelwa kwemisebe yesikhathi sangempela zizoqhuba isidingo sama-GPU akwazi ukuphatha le mithwalo yomsebenzi ngempumelelo.
Emisha Enkumbulo
Ubuchwepheshe benkumbulo buyathuthuka, nama-GPU azayo okulindeleke ukuthi afake amandla enkumbulo asheshayo namakhulu. Inkumbulo ye-GDDR7 iseduze, ithembisa umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kumazinga amanje.
I-HBM (High Bandwidth Memory) inikeza ukusebenza okukhulu nokusebenza kahle nakakhulu. Ngenkathi okwamanje isetshenziswa kuma-GPU ebanga lochwepheshe, i-HBM ingase ivame kakhulu kumakhadi ezithombe zabathengi, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibamba inkumbulo.
Izixazululo Zokupholisa Ezithuthukisiwe
Izixazululo zokupholisa ziyavela ukuze zihambisane namandla akhulayo kanye nokuphuma kokushisa kwama-GPU esimanje. Amathrendi esikhathi esizayo ahlanganisa amasistimu okupholisa uketshezi asebenza kahle kakhulu, intuthuko ekupholiseni okuxubile, nezinto ezintsha zokuqeda ukushisa okungcono.
I-graphene nezinye izinto ezithuthukisiwe zingaguqula ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa, bunikeze ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle. Ukuqamba okusha ekwakhiweni kwabalandeli nasekuthuthukisweni kokugeleza komoya kuzonikela ezixazululweni zokupholisa ezithule nezisebenza ngempumelelo.
Ukuhlanganiswa Nobunye Ubuchwepheshe
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhadi ezithombe nobunye ubuchwepheshe, obufana ne-VR (Virtual Reality) kanye ne-AR (Augmented Reality), kulindeleke ukuthi kunwetshwe. Ama-GPU azodlala indima ebalulekile ekuletheni ukusebenza okudingekayo ukuze uthole ulwazi olujulile kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-VR ne-AR.
Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokuboniswa, okufana namazinga okuvuselela aphakeme nezinqumo, kuzoqhuba isidingo sama-GPU anamandla kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemidlalo ye-8K nangaphezulu kuzodinga amakhadi ezithombe akwazi ukuphatha amandla amakhulu okucubungula adingekayo kuzibonisi ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu.
Ukuhlanganisa
Ukukhetha ikhadi elifanele lezithombe kuhlanganisa ukucabangela izici eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza, ukuhambisana, izixazululo zokupholisa, izidingo zamandla, kanye nentengo. Ukuhlala unolwazi mayelana namathrendi akamuva kanye nezinto ezintsha kubalulekile ekwenzeni isinqumo unolwazi.
