Esikhathini lapho ukusimama kungekona nje ukuzikhethela kodwa kuyisidingo, amajeneretha asebenzisa amandla elanga avele njengesibani sethemba. Le mishini emisha isebenzisa amandla elanga, iwaguqule abe amandla kagesi angasetshenziswa noma kuphi. Kusukela ekunikezeni amandla ezindlini ngesikhathi sokucima ukuya ekunikezeni amandla ezindaweni ezikude, amajeneretha elanga anikeza inqwaba yezinzuzo. Lesi sihloko sidingida izici ezibalulekile zamajeneretha asebenza ngelanga abasebenzisi abazikhathalela kakhulu, sinikeza imininingwane yokuthi basebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zabo, amathiphu okunakekela, ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko, nomthelela wemvelo.
Okuqukethwe:
- Asebenza kanjani amajeneretha asebenza ngelanga
- Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa ijeneretha yelanga
- Amathiphu okunakekela ijeneretha yakho yelanga
- Ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko zamajeneretha elanga
- Umthelela wemvelo wamajeneretha elanga
Asebenza kanjani amajeneretha asebenza ngelanga
Amajeneretha asebenza ngelanga asebenza ngokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla kagesi. Le nqubo iqala ngamaphaneli e-photovoltaic (PV), athatha ukukhanya kwelanga futhi akuguqule kube ugesi wamanje (DC) oqondile. I-inverter ibe isiguqula lo gesi we-DC uwenze wamanje oshintshanayo (AC), onganika amandla izinto zikagesi zasendlini futhi ushaje ibhethri lejeneretha. Ibhethri ligcina ugesi ozosetshenziswa uma ukukhanya kwelanga kungatholakali, okuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamandla okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwezingxenye kwenza amajeneretha elanga abe umthombo wamandla onokwethenjelwa.
Ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe bamajeneretha elanga kubalulekile ekwaziseni ukubaluleka kwawo. Ngokungafani namajeneretha avamile asebenzisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, amajeneretha elanga asebenza buthule futhi ngaphandle kokukhipha izinto ezingcolile eziyingozi. Ukusebenza kahle kwejeneretha yelanga kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa ikhwalithi yamaphaneli e-PV, umthamo webhethri, nokusebenza kahle kwe-inverter. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ithuthukise kakhulu lezi zingxenye, okwenza amajeneretha elanga asebenze kahle futhi asebenziseka kalula ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo.
Ukulula kwamajeneretha elanga kungenye yezinto ezikhangayo kakhulu. Azidingi uphethiloli, azikhiqizi izinto ezikhishwayo, futhi zinezingxenye ezimbalwa ezihambayo, okunciphisa ingozi yokuphuka. Lokhu kube lula kudlulela ekusebenziseni kwabo, njengoba ukusebenzisa ijeneretha yelanga ngokuvamile kuhilela okungaphezu kokubeka amaphaneli e-PV nokuvula idivayisi. Kulabo abafuna isixazululo samandla esisebenziseka kalula futhi esimeme, amajeneretha elanga kufanelekile ukucatshangelwa.
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa ijeneretha yelanga
Amajeneretha elanga anikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibenza babe inketho ekhangayo kubasebenzisi abaningi. Okokuqala, bahlinzeka ngomthombo wamandla ohlanzekile futhi ovuselelekayo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla elanga, amajeneretha elanga anciphisa ukuthembela emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, okunomthelela ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Lokhu akuzuzisi imvelo kuphela kodwa futhi kuhambisana nemizamo yomhlaba wonke yokulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuphatheka kwazo. Amajeneretha amaningi elanga aklanyelwe ukuhamba kalula, awenze alungele ukukhempa, imicimbi yangaphandle, kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo. Lokhu kuphatheka kuphinde kudlulele ekuguquguqukeni kwazo ekufakweni, njengoba zingasethwa cishe noma kuphi lapho zithola ukukhanya kwelanga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusendlini engemuva, ophahleni lwendlu, noma endaweni ekude, amajeneretha elanga aletha amandla lapho edingeka khona kakhulu.
Ukonga izindleko nakho kuyinzuzo eyinhloko yamajeneretha elanga. Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kungase kube phezulu kunamajeneretha avamile, ukungabibikho kwezindleko zikaphethiloli kanye nezidingo ezincane zokunakekela kwenza amajeneretha elanga ayonga kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwengeza, izifunda eziningi zinikeza izikhuthazo kanye nezaphulelo zezinhlelo zamandla elanga, okuqhubeka nokunciphisa izindleko zizonke.
Amathiphu okunakekela ijeneretha yakho yelanga
Ukugcina ijeneretha yelanga kuqondile, kuqinisekisa ukuphila kwayo isikhathi eside nokusebenza kahle. Ukuhlanzwa njalo kwamaphaneli e-PV kubalulekile, njengoba ukungcola nemfucumfucu kungavimba ukukhanya kwelanga futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kahle. Indwangu ethambile namanzi anensipho ngokuvamile anele ukuhlanza, kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zomenzi.
Ukunakekelwa kwebhethri kungenye ingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa. Ukugcina ibhethri lishajiwe kanye nokugwema ukuchithwa okujulile kungasiza ukwelula impilo yalo. Kuyatuseka futhi ukuthi ugcine ijeneretha endaweni epholile, neyomile uma ingasetshenziswa, njengoba amazinga okushisa aphakeme angaphazamisa ukusebenza kwebhethri.
Ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwe-inverter nokuxhumeka kungasiza ukuvimbela izinkinga zamandla. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zixhumeke ngokuphephile futhi azikho ukugqwala kungagcina ukusebenza kahle kwejeneretha yelanga. Uma kuphakama izinkinga, ukubonisana nochwepheshe noma ukubhekisela kuzinkombandlela zomkhiqizi kungasiza ukuzixazulula ngokushesha.
Ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko zamajeneretha elanga
Izindleko ze-generator yelanga zithonywa izici eziningana, kuhlanganise namandla ayo, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nekhwalithi yezingxenye zayo. Amajeneretha anamandla amakhulu anamaphaneli e-PV namabhethri avame ukubiza kakhulu kodwa anikezela ngokukhipha amandla amakhulu nempilo yebhethri ende. Uma ucabangela ijeneretha yelanga, kubalulekile ukuhlola izidingo zakho zamandla bese ukhetha imodeli ehlangabezana nalezo zidingo ngaphandle kokuzidlula kakhulu.
Izinxephezelo nezaphulelo zingavala izindleko zokuqala zejeneretha yelanga. Ohulumeni abaningi nezinhlangano zinikeza izikhuthazo zezimali zokwamukela ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo, okuhlanganisa namajeneretha elanga. Ukucwaninga ngezisusa ezitholakalayo endaweni yangakini kungakunikeza ukonga okukhulu futhi kwenze amajeneretha elanga abe yinketho ethengekayo.
Nakuba izindleko zangaphambili zejeneretha yelanga zingase zibe phezulu kunamajeneretha endabuko, ukonga isikhathi eside kuphethiloli nokulungiswa kungenza kube ukukhetha okungabizi kakhulu. Ukuhlola isamba sezindleko zobunikazi, okuhlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala, izindleko zokusebenza, nokonga okungase kube khona, kunganikeza isithombe esicacile senani le-solar generator.
Umthelela wemvelo wamajeneretha elanga
Amajeneretha elanga anomthelela omuhle emvelweni, anikeza enye indlela eqhubekayo kumajeneretha anamandla kaphethiloli. Ngokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi, azikhiphisi isisi, zinciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya futhi zibe nengxenye emoyeni ohlanzekile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, lapho izinga lomoya liyinkinga ekhulayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga nakho kunciphisa isidingo samafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nokunciphisa ijubane lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Amajeneretha elanga anesandla ohlelweni lwamandla oluzinzile, oluthembele kancane ezinsizeni ezinomkhawulo futhi kakhulu emandleni amaningi, ahlanzekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza komsindo ophansi kwamajeneretha elanga kuwenza abe nobungane bemvelo, kunciphisa ukungcoliswa komsindo. Lokhu akuzuzisi kuphela kubasebenzisi abangabantu kodwa nasezilwaneni zasendle, njengoba umsindo omkhulu ungaphazamisa izindawo zemvelo. Amajeneretha elanga anikeza isixazululo samandla esithulile, esisebenza kahle, nesihlanzekile esihlonipha imvelo kanye nabahlala kuyo.
Isiphetho:
Amajeneretha asebenzisa amandla elanga amelela isinyathelo esibalulekile esiya phambili ezisombululweni zamandla esimeme. Ngokuqonda ukuthi basebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zabo, izidingo zokunakekelwa, ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko, nomthelela wendawo, abasebenzisi bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuhlanganisa lawa madivayisi empilweni yabo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka futhi umhlaba uya ngokuya ufuna imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, amajeneretha elanga agqama njengenketho esebenzayo, evumelana nemvelo, futhi engabizi kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokusetshenziswa ekhaya, uhambo lwangaphandle, noma ukulungela izimo eziphuthumayo, amajeneretha elanga anikeza isixazululo samandla esithembekile esiqondana namanani ekusasa eliluhlaza.
