Amasilinda, umgogodla wemishini yezimboni, abalulekile ezinkulungwaneni zezicelo, kusukela kumishini yokwakha kuya kolayini bokukhiqiza. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwazo, ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani, nokuthi zibiza malini kubalulekile kochwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza ukubheka okujulile kwamasilinda, okuhloswe ngawo ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakho nokusiza ekwenzeni izinqumo unolwazi.
Okuqukethwe:
1. Yini isilinda?
2. Asebenza kanjani amasilinda?
3. Asetshenziswa kanjani amasilinda
4. Abiza malini amasilinda?
5. Amasilinda aphezulu emakethe
Yini isilinda?
Amasilinda ayizici ezibalulekile emhlabeni wemishini, asebenza njengezingxenye zokusebenza ezimaphakathi zezinjini noma njengama-actuator ezinhlelweni ezisebenza ngaphansi komhlaba kanye nezomoya. Isakhiwo sazo esiyisisekelo sihlanganisa umgqomo oyicylindrical, ipiston eya emuva naphambili ngaphakathi komgqomo, nezinduku zepiston ezidlulisa amandla. Lo mklamo olula kodwa ophumelelayo ubenza bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene, kusukela ekuphakamiseni imithwalo esindayo kuya ekunikezeni amandla izinjini zezimoto.
Kumongo wezinjini, amasilinda yilapho inqubo yokuvutha kwenzeka khona, ekhiqiza amandla adingekayo ukuhambisa imoto. Kuzinhlelo ze-hydraulic kanye ne-pneumatic, amasilinda aguqula uketshezi noma umfutho womoya ube amandla emishini, asiza ukunyakaza noma ukuphakamisa izenzo. Ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle kwamasilinda kuwenza abaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezimboni, ezezimoto, nezokwakha.
Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwesilinda ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwazo okuhlosiwe. Insimbi ne-aluminium kuvamile ukuqina namandla, kuyilapho izinto eziyinhlanganisela zisetshenziselwa izicelo zesisindo esilula. Ukukhethwa kwezinto akuthinti ukusebenza kuphela kodwa futhi nokuphila nokwethembeka kwesilinda, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha isilinda esifanele somsebenzi.
Asebenza kanjani amasilinda?
Ukusebenza kwesilinda kuncike ohlotsheni lwawo: i-hydraulic, pneumatic, noma ukushiswa kwangaphakathi. Amasilinda angamaHydraulic asebenza ngokudlulisela uketshezi olusebenza ngogesi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi (ama) ngephiston ukuze enze ukunyakaza. Uketshezi olucindezelwe lusebenza ku-piston, luyenze inyakaze futhi ngaleyo ndlela inwebe noma ihoxise i-piston rod. Lokhu kunyakaza kungalawulwa ngokunembile, okwenza amasilinda amanzi afaneleke ezinhlelweni ezidinga amandla abalulekile nokunemba.
Amasilinda womoya asebenza ngomgomo ofanayo kodwa asebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe esikhundleni soketshezi olusebenzisa amanzi. Umfutho womoya omelene nepiston uwunyakazisa eduze nesilinda, uguqule umfutho womoya uwenze umsebenzi wemishini. Amasistimu we-pneumatic avame ukusetshenziswa ku-automation kanye namarobhothi, ahlinzeka ngenye indlela ehlanzekile kumasistimu asebenza ngamanzi, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni ukudla noma ekwenzeni imithi.
Amasilinda avuthayo angaphakathi, atholakala ezinjinini, asebenza ngokuthungela ingxube kaphethiloli nomoya endaweni evalekile. Ukuqhuma kwenza i-piston yehle, iguqule amandla amakhemikhali abe amandla emishini. Le nqubo iphinda izikhathi eziningana ngomzuzwana, ikhiqiza amandla adingekayo ukushayela imoto. Ukusebenza kahle kwala masilinda kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwenjini iyonke, okunomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli kanye nesisi esikhishwayo.
Indlela yokusebenzisa amasilinda
Ukusebenzisa amasilinda ngempumelelo kudinga ukuqonda ukucaciswa kwawo kanye nemikhawulo yokusebenza. Kumasilinda asebenza ngogesi nawewomoya, kubalulekile ukufanisa amandla okukhipha isilinda kanye nesivinini nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubala ingcindezi edingekayo kanye nezinga lokugeleza kwamasilinda asebenza ngogesi noma ivolumu yomoya kanye nokucindezela kwamasilinda womoya. Ukufakwa ngendlela efanele nakho kuyisihluthulelo sokwandisa ukusebenza kahle neminyaka yokuphila, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasilinda aqondaniswe ngendlela efanele nokuthi kunengozi encane yokungcola.
Ukunakekela kudlala indima enkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamasilinda. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuvuza, ukuguga, nokulimala kungavimbela ukwehluleka futhi kwandise impilo yesevisi yesilinda. Kumasilinda avuthayo angaphakathi, ukunakekela injini, okuhlanganisa nokushintsha uwoyela okuvamile nokushintshwa kwe-spark plug, kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuvimbela umonakalo.
Ukuphepha kungesinye isici esibalulekile sokusebenzisa amasilinda. Izingcindezi eziphezulu, ikakhulukazi kuma-hydraulic kanye ne-pneumatic systems, zibeka izingozi zokulimala noma ukulimala kwemishini. Ukulandela izimiso ezifanele zokuphepha, ezinjengokusebenzisa izinqubo zokukhiya ngaphandle/zokudonsa kanye nokugqoka izinto zokuzivikela, kunganciphisa lezi zingozi.
Abiza malini amasilinda?
Izindleko zamasilinda ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwawo, usayizi, impahla kanye nomkhiqizi. Amasilinda angama-Hydraulic angasukela kumakhulu ambalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zamadola, ethonywe amandla awo kanye nokunemba. Amasilinda omoya ngokuvamile awabizi kakhulu, futhi amanani aqala phansi njengamadola angamashumi amahlanu kumamodeli ayisisekelo futhi akhuphukela amayunithi amakhulu noma akhethekile.
Amasilinda avuthayo angaphakathi, abalulekile ezinjinini, awathengiswa ngawodwana ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bawo kanye nesidingo sobunjiniyela obunembayo. Izindleko zokulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni salezi zisilinda zingaba zibalulekile, ngokuvamile zidinge isevisi yochwepheshe kanye nezingxenye ezingahlanganisa ngokushesha.
Emabhizinisini, isamba sezindleko zobunikazi, okuhlanganisa inani lokuthenga, ukugcinwa kwezindleko, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza, kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile. Ukutshala imali kumasilinda ekhwalithi ephezulu kungase kube nezindleko eziphezulu ngaphambili kodwa kungaholela ekongeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe, ukwethembeka, kanye neminyaka yokuphila.
Amasilinda aphezulu emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni isilinda, izinketho ziningi, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo namamodeli agqama ngekhwalithi yawo, ukwethembeka, nokusebenza kwawo. Kumasilinda asebenza ngogesi, amabhrendi afana noParker Hannifin kanye neBosch Rexroth adume ngobunjiniyela bawo kanye nohlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo elungele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. I-SMC kanye ne-Festo bahola indlela ngamasilinda womoya, banikeza izixazululo ezintsha zokuzenzakalela.
Esimeni sokusha kwangaphakathi, ukugxila kushintshela kubakhiqizi bezinjini. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Cummins, Caterpillar, ne-Honda zaziwa ngezinjini zazo ezisebenza kahle, ezinamandla, nezithembekile, eziwumphumela womklamo othuthukisiwe wamasilinda nezindlela zokukhiqiza.
Ukukhetha isilinda esifanele kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwesicelo, okuhlanganisa izidingo zamandla, isivinini, nezimo zemvelo. Ukubonisana nabakhiqizi noma ochwepheshe kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi isilinda esikhethiwe sihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi.
Isiphetho:
Amasilinda ayizinto ezibalulekile emishinini, edlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene ezimbonini zonkana. Ukuqonda ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, zisetshenziswa kanjani ngendlela efanele, nokuthi zibiza malini kubalulekile kochwepheshe abafuna ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka ekusebenzeni kwabo. Ngohlu olubanzi lwezinketho ezitholakalayo, ukukhetha isilinda esifanele kungaba umsebenzi onzima, kodwa ngolwazi olufanele nesiqondiso, kuyenzeka ukuthola okufanayo okuphelele kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza.
