Uma ubheke ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwemoto yakho, ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe be-turbo kubalulekile. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokuzulazula ekungeneni nasekuphumeni kwama-turbocharger, kusukela ekusebenzeni kwawo okuyisisekelo kanye nenqubo yokukhetha kuye ekunakekeleni nasekucatshangelweni kwezindleko. Lungela ukwenza i-turbocharge ukugibela kwakho ngemininingwane yochwepheshe!
Okuqukethwe:
- Iyini i-turbo?
- Yenzani i-turbo?
- Ungakhetha kanjani i-turbo
- Ama-turbos ahlala isikhathi esingakanani?
- Ungashintsha kanjani i-turbo
– Mangakanani ama-turbos?
Iyini i-turbo?
I-turbocharger, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-turbo, iyithuluzi lokungenisa eliphoqelelwe elikhuphula ukusebenza kahle kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye nokuphuma kwamandla ngokuphoqelela umoya owengeziwe ungene egumbini elivuthayo. Lo moya owengeziwe uvumela injini ukuba ishise uphethiloli owengeziwe, ikhiqize amandla amaningi kunawemvelo. Enhliziyweni ye-turbocharger kukhona abalandeli ababili: i-turbine ne-compressor. I-turbine inikwa amandla amagesi e-exhaust enjini, abe esejikelezisa i-compressor, idonse futhi icindezele umoya ngaphambi kokuthi ungene enjinini.
Ama-Turbocharger ayizimangaliso zobunjiniyela abasebenzisa amandla amoshekayo uma kungenjalo avela kumagesi akhipha umoya. Lokhu kubenza babe inketho eco-friendly yokwandisa amandla. Aqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-turbine, i-compressor, kanye nesistimu yokuthwala esekela shaft exhuma i-turbine ne-compressor. Ubunjiniyela obunembile nezinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-turbos ziwavumela ukuthi asebenze ngesivinini esikhulu namazinga okushisa, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwawo nokuqina.
Umlando wama-turbocharger usukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngokusetshenziswa kwezokundiza ngaphambi kokuduma ekusetshenzisweni kwezimoto. Namuhla, ama-turbos atholakala ezimotweni eziningi, kusukela ezimotweni ezinomnotho kuya ezimotweni zezemidlalo ezisebenza kahle kanye namaloli athwala kanzima, ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuthuthukisa amandla okukhipha amandla ngaphandle kokwandisa kakhulu usayizi wenjini noma ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
Yenzani i-turbo?
Emongweni wayo, i-turbocharger yenza injini isebenze kahle futhi ibe namandla. Ngokucindezela umoya futhi uwufake enjinini ngomfutho ophakeme, i-turbo ivumela injini ukuthi ithathe umoya omningi. Umoya owengeziwe usho ukuthi uphethiloli owengeziwe ungashiswa, okuholela ekukhuleni okukhulu kwamandla ehhashi kanye netorque ngaphandle kwesidingo senjini enkulu. Le nqubo ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukonga kukaphethiloli ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njengoba injini ingakhiqiza amandla engeziwe ngenani elifanayo likaphethiloli.
Ubuhle be-turbocharger kusemandleni ayo ukusebenzisa kabusha amagesi e-exhaust ukukhulisa amandla enjini. Lokhu kugaywa kabusha kwamandla kunomthelela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwe-CO2, okwenza izinjini ezine-turbocharged zibe inketho evumelana nemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo abafisa ngokwemvelo. Ukwengeza, indima ye-turbo ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwenjini iyenze yaba ingxenye ebalulekile emizamweni yesimanje yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezimoto ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza.
I-Turbo lag, ukubambezeleka phakathi komyalo wokusheshisa umshayeli kanye nokuphendula kwe-turbo, kuyisici esivame ukuxoxwa ngaso sobuchwepheshe be-turbo. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko ekwakhiweni kwe-turbo nezinhlelo zokulawula iwunciphise kakhulu lo mphumela, okuholela ekulethweni kwamandla ngokushesha ezinjinini zesimanje ezine-turbocharged. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenze izimoto ezinama-turbocharges zisabela kakhulu futhi kujabulise ukuzishayela.
Indlela yokukhetha i-turbo
Ukukhetha i-turbocharger efanele yemoto yakho kuhilela ukucabangela izinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa nemigomo yakho yokusebenza, usayizi wenjini, kanye nesabelomali. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukunquma ukwanda okufiswayo kwamandla amahhashi, njengoba lokhu kuzoqondisa usayizi nohlobo lwe-turbo edingekayo. Kubalulekile ukufanisa amandla okugeleza komoya kwe-turbo nezimfuneko zenjini yakho ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezifana ne-turbo lag noma ingcindezi eyeqile enjinini.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile ukucaciswa kwe-compressor ne-turbine ye-turbo, okuhlanganisa osayizi bazo kanye nezinombolo ze-A/R (i-aspect ratio). Lezi zicaciso zinquma ukuthi i-turbo izosebenza kanjani ngesivinini esihlukile senjini kanye nemithwalo. Ukubonisana nochwepheshe we-turbo noma ukusebenzisa izibali eziku-inthanethi kungakusiza wenze isinqumo esinolwazi ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile kanye nokucaciswa kwemoto.
Okokugcina, cabangela ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwe-turbocharger. Nakuba kungase kulingeke ukukhetha imodeli eshibhile, ukutshala imali ku-turbo yekhwalithi ephezulu evela kumkhiqizi ohloniphekile kungakongela imali kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ama-turbos ekhwalithi ephezulu adizayinelwe ukumelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu asebenza ngaphansi kwazo, aqinisekise impilo ende nokusebenza okungcono.
I-turbos ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Ubude besikhathi se-turbocharger bungahluka kakhulu, kanti obunye buhlala ngaphezu kwamamayela ayi-150,000 ngokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa okufanele. Izinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ubude besikhathi se-turbo zihlanganisa ikhwalithi ye-turbo ngokwayo, izimo esebenza ngaphansi kwazo, nokuthi igcinwa kahle kangakanani. Ukushintsha uwoyela okuvamile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-turbo igcotshwe ngendlela efanele kubalulekile, njengoba izingxenye ze-turbo zisebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu namazinga okushisa.
Ukushisa ngokweqile kungenye yezitha ezinkulu ze-turbo longevity. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu yokupholisa yenjini yakho isesimweni esiphezulu kungasiza ukuvimbela ukulimala kwe-turbo. Ukwengeza, ukuvumela injini yakho ukuthi ingenzi lutho isikhashana ngemva kokushayela ngesivinini esiphezulu kungasiza ukupholisa i-turbo ngaphambi kokuvala injini, kwelule impilo yayo.
Ukushuna injini yakho ngendlela efanele ukuze isebenze ngokuzwana ne-turbocharger yakho nakho kungaba nomthelela omkhulu esikhathini sayo sokuphila. Ukusebenzisa i-turbo ngamaleveli e-boost aphezulu kakhulu ngaphandle kokulungiswa okufanele enjinini nakwisistimu kaphethiloli kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwe-turbo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukulandela imihlahlandlela yomkhiqizi nokubonisana nezingcweti kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-turbocharger yakho inikeza ukusebenza okuthembekile iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Ungashintsha kanjani i-turbo
Ukushintsha i-turbocharger kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukuqonda okuhle kwenjini yemoto yakho kanye nesistimu ye-turbo. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukususa i-turbo endala, okubandakanya ukunqamula i-exhaust, amasistimu okukhiphayo, nemigqa kawoyela neyokupholisa. Kubalulekile ukuhlanza ngokuphelele noma iyiphi imfucumfucu evela kumasistimu wokudonsa amanzi ukuze uvimbele ukulimala ku-turbo entsha.
Lapho ufaka i-turbo entsha, kubalulekile ukufaka esikhundleni sanoma imaphi ama-gaskets, seal, nama-o-rings ukuze uqinisekise ukuvala okuqinile futhi uvimbele ukuvuza. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-turbo entsha iqondaniswe kahle futhi iboshwe ngokuvikelekile kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ukwengeza, ukufaka amafutha ku-turbo ngaphambi kokuqala injini kungavimbela ukoma, okungalimaza amabheringi e-turbo.
Uma kubhekwa inkimbinkimbi nokunemba okudingekayo ukuze kushintshwe i-turbo, kungase kucebiseke ukuba umsebenzi wenziwe umakhenikha ochwepheshe noma uchwepheshe we-turbo. Bangaqinisekisa ukuthi ukumiselela kwenziwa ngendlela efanele nokuthi i-turbo ilinganiswe kahle ukuze isebenze kahle nempilo ende.
Mangakanani ama-turbos?
Izindleko ze-turbocharger zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo, usayizi, kanye nekhwalithi. Ama-turbo asezingeni lokungena ezinjinini ezincane angaqala kumadola angamakhulu ambalwa, kuyilapho amamodeli asebenza kahle kakhulu ezinjini ezinkulu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile angabiza izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamadola. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungabheki nje kuphela izindleko zokuqala ze-turbo kodwa nesidingo esingaba khona sezingxenye ezengeziwe noma ukuguqulwa kwemoto yakho ukuze kufakwe i-turbo entsha.
Izindleko zabasebenzi zokufakwa kwe-turbo nazo zingangeza inani elibalulekile kuzo zonke izindleko, ikakhulukazi uma kudingeka ukulungiswa okwengeziwe noma ukulungiswa. Kodwa-ke, ukutshala imali ku-turbo yekhwalithi nokufakwa okuphrofeshinali kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwemoto yakho, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, nokujabulela ukushayela, kukwenze kube ukutshalwa kwezimali okuzuzisayo kwabaningi abashisekayo.
Isiphetho
Ama-Turbocharger angamathuluzi anamandla okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemoto, anikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile emandleni nokusebenza kahle. Ukuqonda izisekelo zendlela i-turbos esebenza ngayo, indlela yokukhetha elungile, nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani futhi uyinakekele kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi emotweni yakho ene-turbocharged. Noma ngabe ufuna ukuthuthukisa umshayeli wakho wansuku zonke noma ulungiselele umshini osebenza kahle kakhulu, i-turbo elungile ingenza umehluko.
