Njengoba ukukhathazeka ngokulahlwa kwe-elekthronikhi nokuncipha kwezinsiza kukhula, ukwakheka okuyindilinga kuvela njengendlela ebalulekile embonini yezobuchwepheshe yabathengi. Ngokusuka kumodeli yomugqa ojwayelekile "yokulahla" ukuya lapho imikhiqizo nezinto zokwakha zihlala zisetshenziswa futhi zigaywa kabusha, imikhiqizo inganciphisa kakhulu umthelela wayo kwezemvelo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izimiso eziyinhloko namasu omklamo oyindilinga, futhi sibonise izibonelo ezintsha zale ndlela yokuguqula isebenza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumthengisi we-inthanethi ofuna ukuphatha iminikelo esimeme kakhudlwana noma umthengi oqaphelayo ofuna ukwenza izinqumo zobuchwepheshe ezivumelana nemvelo, ukuqonda umklamo oyindilinga kubalulekile.
Okuqukethwe
1. Ukuzungeza okuqhutshwa umphakathi
2. Ukwandisa ngokukhiqiza ngobuningi
3. Ukunweba impilo yomkhiqizo
4. Ukuvala iluphu
5. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo
6. Ukumba imifudlana yemfucuza yasemadolobheni
1. Ukuzungeza okuqhutshwa umphakathi
Izinhlelo zokuklama eziyindilinga eziphansi ziyavela emiphakathini emhlabeni jikelele. Lawa maphrojekthi wendawo agxile ekwehliseni ukumosha, ukusebenzisa kabusha izinto, kanye nezinsiza zokugaywa kabusha ngezinga elincane. Isibonelo, izinhlangano ezifana ne-Precious Plastics zinika amandla amaqembu esifunda ukuthi aguqule udoti wepulasitiki ube yimikhiqizo emisha esebenzisa imishini yomthombo ovulekile nolwazi.
I-Makerspaces kanye ne-Fab Labs nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile, zinikeza ukufinyelela kumathuluzi afana namaphrinta e-3D avumela abantu ukuthi bakhiqize izimpahla lapho bedingeka kakhulu, benciphisa isidingo sokukhiqiza ngobuningi kanye nokuthunyelwa kwebanga elide. Ngokuqala kancane futhi kusetshenziswe ubuhlakani babenzi bendawo, le mizamo ehlukaniselwe izwe ithola izixazululo ezintsha ezinamandla okukhuliswa futhi ziphindaphindwe emhlabeni jikelele. Ukweseka amaphrojekthi omphakathi kuyindlela ephusile yokuthi abantu ngabanye bazibandakanye ngokuthuthuka kwe-circularity.
2. Ukwandisa ngokukhiqiza ngobuningi
Imikhiqizo emikhulu yabathengi nabahlinzeki banamandla amakhulu okuqhuba ukwamukelwa komklamo oyindilinga ngokuwusebenzisa ngezinga elikhulu. Izinto ezinkulu ezifana ne-Covestro ne-BASF zinika amandla ukujikeleza kuwo wonke amaketango wenani ngokwakha amapulasitiki asebenziseka kabusha futhi asebenzise izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisekelwe ku-bio.
Abaholi bezogesi abanjengo-Apple, i-Samsung ne-Microsoft baya ngokuya befaka izinsimbi ezigaywe kabusha nama-polymer emikhiqizweni yabo. Umenzi wefoni oyimojuli i-Fairphone ikhombisa ukuthi izimiso eziyindilinga zingamukelwa kanjani ngokugcwele, ngomshini odizayinelwe ukuhlakazwa okuphelele, ukukhanda nokuthola izinto ezibonakalayo.
Njengoba abadlali abaningi bengena ebhodini, izindleko zizokwehla futhi izinto eziyisiyingi nezingxenye zizoba yinjwayelo kunokuba kube okuhlukile. Abathengisi abaku-inthanethi bangathuthukisa lolu shintsho ngokufuna nokugcina imikhiqizo ehlanganisa umklamo oyindilinga.
3. Ukunweba impilo yomkhiqizo
Ukulungisa, ukuthuthukisa kanye nokuvuselela imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe babathengi elinye isu eliyisiyingi elibalulekile. Ngokwandisa impilo yokusebenza yamadivayisi, indawo yawo ezungezile iyancishiswa kanye nokushintshwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi iya ngokuya ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulungisa kanye nemikhiqizo ye-modular evumela izingxenye ukuthi zifinyeleleke kalula futhi zishintshwe.
Amathuluzi okuxilonga ngakho-ke asiza abasebenzisi ukukhomba izingxenye ezingasebenzi kahle ukuze bashintshe angesinye isixazululo esihlakaniphile. Iphefumulela impilo entsha kumadivayisi asesikhathini samanje, izinkampani ezifana ne-Back Market zakha ukwethembana futhi zifuna imikhiqizo "emisha kabusha". Amadivayisi ahlala isikhathi eside azuzisa iplanethi kanye nama-pocketbooks wabathengi. Abathengisi bangangena ebhodini ngokubeka imikhiqizo ehlala isikhathi eside, elungisekayo, izingxenye ezishintshayo, namadivayisi avuselelwe.
4. Ukuvala iluphu
Ukuze uthole uhlelo oluyindilinga ngempela, kubalulekile ukusungula amalophu avaliwe lapho izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziphindiselwa emikhiqizweni emisha kanye nokupakishwa ngokumosha okuncane. Lokhu kudinga ukucatshangelwa umjikelezo wempilo ogcwele kanye nokuklama ukuqaqa nokululama kusenesikhathi. Ukusebenzisa i-mono-materials noma imindeni ephathekayo okulula ukuyihlukanisa nokuyisebenzisa kabusha kuyindlela eyodwa ephumelelayo, njengoba ibonakala esihlalweni sezimoto sikaMagna esenziwe nge-PET kuphela.
Ukudala izinto ezibuyela emuva ukuze kuthathwe kabusha imikhiqizo nezinto zokwakha ekupheleni kwempilo kungenye isiqephu esibalulekile. I-Electronics recycler i-Li Tong Group isebenza nemikhiqizo ukudizayina imikhiqizo eyindilinga nokupakisha futhi isebenzisa inethiwekhi yokubuyisela emuva. Ngokuvala izihibe, imikhiqizo yezobuchwepheshe ingaphinda izalwe kabusha, inqamule ukusetshenziswa kwensiza nokumosha ngendlela ephawulekayo. Abathengisi badlala indima ebalulekile ngokuqoqa amadivayisi asetshenzisiwe kanye nokufundisa abathengi.
5. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo
Ukunciphisa umzimba, noma ukunciphisa umthamo wezinto ezisetshenziswayo emkhiqizweni ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza, elinye isu elinamandla lokuklama eliyindilinga. Ukuthuthuka kokuphrinta kwe-3D, kusukela ekwakhiweni kokukhiqiza kwe-Desktop Metal ngakho-ke kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwesakhiwo se-Spherene, kuvumela izingxenye eziletha ukusebenza okufanayo ngezinto ezincane kakhulu.
Ucwaningo olugxile kubasebenzisi lungaphinda luhlonze izindlela zokudala zokuhlangabezana nezidingo ngezimpahla eziphathekayo ezimbalwa, isibonelo ngamathuluzi edijithali, izinkundla zokwabelana, nemikhiqizo esebenza ngezinto eziningi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe obuningi busuka ku-Hardware kuye ku-ware, amathuba amasha okususwa kwe-radical dematerialization ayavela. Abathengisi bangakwazi ukubeka phambili imikhiqizo yesitoko esebenzisa i-ethos yokuklama "okuncane kakhulu" futhi baxhumanise amakhasimende namasevisi ngaphezu kwe-stu .
6. Ukumba imifudlana yemfucuza yasemadolobheni
Njengomthamo wama-e-waste burgeons, abasunguli abaningi baguqula lokhu kusakazwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kube imayini yasemadolobheni yezinsiza okumele bangene kuzo. Imikhiqizo emikhulu yobuchwepheshe efana ne-Apple iya ngokuya ithola izinsimbi ezigaywe kabusha zisuka kuma-elekthronikhi amadala ukwenza amadivaysi amasha. Abahlinzeki abafana ne-Hydro basebenza ezikhungweni zobuciko zokugaywa kabusha eziguqula izinsalela zibe i-aluminiyamu egaywe kabusha yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ifektri ye-GEM ye-E-waste recycler e-China ithola amathani angu-400,000 wezinsiza ezifana ne-cobalt nethusi ngonyaka. Okubalulekile ukuklama imikhiqizo nezinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha ngokuhambisana ukuze kunikwe amandla ukutakula okusebenzayo nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinto. Njengoba imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-e-waste ibekwe phezulu ku-$110 billion ngo-2030, kunethuba elikhulu lokuvuna le nsimbi yasemadolobheni engasetshenziswa kancane. Abathengisi bangakwazi ukusekela ngokuthumela amadivayisi abawaqoqayo kuma-recyclers aqinisekisiwe.
Isiphetho
Kusukela emizamweni ephansi kuya kumabhizinisi omhlaba, idizayini eyindilinga yamukelwa kuyo yonke i-ecosystem yobuchwepheshe babathengi ukuze ilethe ikusasa elizinzile. Njengomthengisi we-inthanethi, unamandla okusheshisa lolu shintsho olubalulekile ngokuthenga imikhiqizo ehlanganisa izimiso eziyindilinga njengokuqina, ukulungiseka, ukuphinda usebenziseke kabusha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinto. Ukunikeza ngamathuluzi agaywe kabusha, avuselelwe kanye nawona ma-mono-material, ukuhlinzeka ngezingxenye eziyisipele nemihlahlandlela yokulungisa, ukuqoqa izinto zikagesi ezisetshenzisiwe ukuze zigaywe kabusha ngendlela efanele kanye nokufundisa amakhasimende akho mayelana nobuchwepheshe obuyindilinga konke kuyizindlela ezinomthelela ekwakhiweni komnotho oyindilinga. Ngokusekela imikhiqizo emisha eqhuba lolu shintsho, ungabeka ibhizinisi lakho njengomholi futhi wenze umehluko wangempela weplanethi. Ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bomthengi liyisiyingi - futhi kukubathengisi abacabanga phambili abafana nawe ukusiza ukwenza lo mbono ube ngokoqobo.
