Emnothweni wanamuhla womhlaba osheshayo, ukubaluleka kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla olusebenzayo nokusabelayo angeke kugcizelelwe. I-Supply Chain Management (SCM) iyinhloko yokusebenza kahle kwamabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni, iqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle kwezimpahla, ulwazi, kanye nezimali kusuka kumnikezeli kuya kukhasimende. Le ndatshana icubungula izici ezibucayi ze-SCM, ihlukanisa ubunkimbinkimbi bayo ibe izingxenye eziqondakalayo, futhi inikeze imininingwane yokuthi amabhizinisi angazulazula kanjani futhi athuthukise amaketanga awo wokuhlinzeka ukuze asebenze kahle kakhulu kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
Okuqukethwe:
1. Ukuqonda izinto eziyisisekelo zokuPhathwa kweSupply Chain
2. Izinselelo ezibhekene neSupply Chain Management namuhla
3. Iqhaza lobuchwepheshe ekuphathweni kwe-Supply Chain Management
4. Amasu okuphatha ngempumelelo i-Supply Chain
5. Ikusasa Lokuphathwa Kokuthengwa Kwempahla
Ukuqonda izinto eziyisisekelo Zokuphathwa Kwezinto Ezitholakalayo
Supply Chain Management ihlanganisa ukuhlela nokuphathwa kwayo yonke imisebenzi ehilelekile ekutholeni, ekuthengeni, ekuguquleni nasekuphathweni kwempahla. Kuhlanganisa nezingxenye ezibalulekile zokudidiyela nokusebenzisana nozakwethu besiteshi, okungaba abahlinzeki, abaxhumanisi, abahlinzeki besevisi bezinkampani zangaphandle, namakhasimende. Empeleni, i-SCM ihlanganisa ukuphathwa kokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo kanye nezidingo ngaphakathi kanye nakuzo zonke izinkampani.
Inhloso eyinhloko ye-SCM ukwakha inani eliphelele, ukwakha ingqalasizinda encintisanayo, ukuqinisa ukuhanjiswa komhlaba wonke, ukuvumelanisa ukuhlinzeka ngesidingo, nokulinganisa ukusebenza emhlabeni jikelele. Imayelana nokuhambisa izinto ezifanele endaweni efanele ngesikhathi esifanele, nangezindleko ezifanele. Ubunkimbinkimbi be-SCM buyahluka kakhulu kusukela kumboni kuya embonini, nokho imigomo eyisisekelo yokusebenza kahle, ukuphumelela kwezindleko, kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende kuhlala kubalulekile.
Izinselelo ezibhekene neSupply Chain Management namuhla
Amaketango okuthengwa kwempahla namuhla abhekene nezinselele eziningi ezingakaze zibonwe. Ukusuka ekufuneni kwamakhasimende okuguquguqukayo kanye nokuncintisana komhlaba wonke kuya ebunkingeni okwethulwa ukuhlelwa kwemingcele kanye nesidingo sokusimama, amabhizinisi angaphansi kwengcindezi eqhubekayo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi aphumelele. Umqedazwe we-COVID-19 uphinde wagqamisa ubuthaka bamaketanga okuhlinzeka emhlabeni wonke, okuveza ubuthakathaka kanye nokuphoqa izinkampani ukuthi zicabange kabusha amasu azo okuqinisekisa ukuqina nokuqhubeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwesidingo samakhasimende sokubonisa izinto obala kanye nezikhathi zokulethwa okusheshayo kwengeza enye inkimbinkimbi. Amabhizinisi manje kufanele alinganisele isidingo sokusebenza ngempumelelo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nokukhula okulindelekile kokuzibophezela kokuziphatha kanye nemvelo. Lesi senzo sokulinganisa sidinga izixazululo ezintsha kanye nokuzimisela ukwamukela ushintsho.
Iqhaza lobuchwepheshe ekuphathweni kweSupply Chain
Ubuchwepheshe budlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni i-SCM, bunikeze izixazululo ezandisa ukubonakala, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusabela. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obufana ne-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), i-blockchain, nokuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu kulungisa kabusha indlela amaketango wokuhlinzeka asebenza ngayo. Lobu buchwepheshe buhlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela, izibalo zokubikezela, nokuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, okuvumela ukwenziwa kwezinqumo okunolwazi kanye nokuba bukhali okukhulu.
Isibonelo, amadivayisi e-IoT angalandelela imikhiqizo kusukela ekwenziweni kuye ekulethweni, aqinisekise ukubeka izinto obala futhi anciphise ubungozi bokulahlekelwa noma ukwenziwa komgunyathi. Ngokufanayo, i-AI nezibalo ezinkulu zedatha zingabikezela isidingo ngokunembe kakhudlwana, zithuthukise amazinga e-inventory, futhi zihlonze ukuphazamiseka okungase kube khona ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke. Ubuchwepheshe be-Blockchain, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bunikeza indlela evikelekile nesobala yokubhala ukuthengiselana, okuthuthukisa ukwethembana phakathi kozakwethu be-supply chain.
Amasu okuphatha ngempumelelo i-Supply Chain
I-SCM esebenzayo idinga indlela yesu ehambisana nemigomo yebhizinisi iyonke. Isu elilodwa elibalulekile ukugqugquzela ubudlelwano obuqinile nabo bonke ozakwethu be-supply chain, okuhlanganisa abahlinzeki, abahlinzeki bezokuthutha, namakhasimende. Ukusebenzisana nokuxhumana kubalulekile ekuhlonzeni nasekunciphiseni ubungozi, izinqubo zokuthuthukisa, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla lukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko ngokushesha.
Elinye isu elokutshala kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanele kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-supply chain. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi banamakhono nolwazi lokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ngempumelelo.
Okokugcina, ukusimama kufanele kuhlanganiswe namasu e-supply chain. Lokhu akubandakanyi nje ukunciphisa umthelela kwezemvelo kuphela kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa izinqubo zokuziphatha zabasebenzi kanye nokweseka imiphakathi yendawo. Uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka oluqhubekayo aluzuzisi nje kuphela iplanethi nomphakathi kodwa futhi lungathuthukisa isithunzi somkhiqizo nokwethembeka kwamakhasimende.
Ikusasa Lokuphathwa Kokuthengwa Kwempahla
Ikusasa le-SCM kungenzeka libonakale ngobunkimbinkimbi obukhulu nakakhulu kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kwezobuchwepheshe. Amaketango okuhlinzeka azoxhumana kakhulu futhi abe sobala, ukusimama nokuqina kube yizinto ezibalulekile ezibalulekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI, i-IoT, nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kuzoba yinjwayelo, kunikeze amandla amaketanga okuhlinzeka ashesha kakhulu futhi asabelayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba okuthandwa ngabathengi kuqhubeka nokuvela, amaketanga okuhlinzeka kuzodingeka agxile kakhulu kumakhasimende, anikeze ulwazi lomuntu siqu kanye nezinketho zokulethwa ezisheshayo nezithembekile. Inselelo yamabhizinisi kuzoba ukulinganisa lezi zidingo kanye nesidingo sokusebenza kahle nokusimama, okudinga ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Isiphetho
I-Supply Chain Management iyingxenye ebalulekile yempumelelo yebhizinisi, ehlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi kusukela ekuthengeni izinto kuye ekulethweni kwamakhasimende. Nakuba izinselele zibalulekile, kusukela ekuphazanyisweni komhlaba wonke kuya ekuthuthukisweni okulindelwe ngamakhasimende, amathuba okuqamba izinto ezintsha kanye nokwenza ngcono maningi. Ngokuqonda izinto eziyisisekelo, ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe, nokusebenzisa izindlela zamasu, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuzulazula ezinkingeni ze-SCM futhi azuze ukusebenza kahle.
