Amabhethri e-NMC, ngobuningi bawo bamandla aphezulu, impilo ende, nokusebenza kahle kokushaja, kancane kancane baba izinkanyezi embonini yezimoto zikagesi. Lokhu kusho isikhathi esincane sokushaja kanye namabanga amade wokushayela, okwenza imoto yakho kagesi ibe umlingani obalulekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokuhamba kwansuku zonke noma uhambo lwangempelasonto, amabhethri e-NMC ahlinzeka ngosekelo lwamandla oluzinzile noluthembekile. Le ndatshana izonikeza umbono kafushane wamabhethri e-NMC, bese izogqamisa izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha eyodwa ngo-2024.
Okuqukethwe
Liyini ibhethri le-NMC?
Ulwazi olwengeziwe lwamabhethri e-NMC
I-NMC vs. i-lead acid: Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza
Okufanele ukucabangele lapho ukhetha amabhethri e-NMC
Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-NMC
Isiphetho sendaba
Liyini ibhethri le-NMC?
Amabhethri e-NMC (amabhethri e-nickel-manganese-cobalt) ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obushajwayo obudumile obusetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni zikagesi (EVs), ezimotweni zikagesi ezixubile (ama-HEV), izinto zikagesi eziphathwayo, nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla (ESS).
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lwebhethri zifaka i-electrode ephozithivu (eyakhiwe i-oxide exubile ye-nickel, i-manganese, ne-cobalt), i-electrode engalungile (imvamisa i-graphite), ne-electrolyte. Umgomo wokusebenza usekelwe ekuhambeni kwe-lithium ion phakathi kwama-electrode amahle namabi.
I-lithium ion isuka ku-electrode enhle iye ku-electrode engemihle ngesikhathi sokushaja nokugcina amandla; lapho ikhipha, i-lithium ion ibuyela ku-electrode enhle futhi ikhulule amandla.
Amabhethri e-NMC ingahlukaniswa ngokwesilinganiso se-nickel, i-manganese, ne-cobalt. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka i-NMC111 (1:1:1 isilinganiso), i-NMC622 (6:2:2 isilinganiso), kanye ne-NMC811 (8:1:1 isilinganiso). Amaseli e-NMC anezilinganiso ezihlukene ahluka ngokuminyana kwamandla, ukuzinza nezindleko. Isibonelo, amabhethri e-NMC811 anikeza ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo okuphezulu kwe-nickel, kodwa angase angazinzi futhi angabizi njenge-NMC111.
Ukuphila kwebhethri ngokuvamile kuthintwa izinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezinga lokushisa, inombolo yemijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha, nezinga lokushajwa/lokukhipha, namabhethri e-NMC avamile ahlala amakhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni zemijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha.
Izindleko Amabhethri e-NMC kuthintwa izinto ezahlukahlukene, njengamanani ezinto ezingavuthiwe, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nesidingo semakethe, ngakho amanani ashintshashintsha kakhulu. Mayelana nokucaciswa nosayizi, amabhethri e-NMC afika ngezinhlobonhlobo zomumo nosayizi, kusukela kumabhethri amancane (isb, omakhalekhukhwini noma amakhompyutha aphathekayo) kuya kumaphakethe amabhethri amakhulu (isb., ezezimoto zikagesi).
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwandiswa kwesikali sokukhiqiza, izindleko ze Amabhethri e-NMC kancane kancane iyancipha futhi nokusebenza kwabo kuyathuthuka.
Ulwazi olwengeziwe lwamabhethri e-NMC
Izingxenye zamabhethri e-NMC
Izinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode: i-electrode eqondile iyingxenye eyinhloko ye Amabhethri e-NMC, eyenziwe ngama-oxide axubile e-nickel (i-Nickel), i-manganese (i-Manganese), ne-cobalt (i-Cobalt). Isilinganiso salezi zakhi ezintathu zensimbi singalungiswa ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza, njenge-NMC111 (1:1:1 isilinganiso se-Nickel, Manganese ne-Cobalt), i-NMC622 (6:2:2 isilinganiso) noma i-NMC811 (8:1:1 isilinganiso).
I-Nickel inikeza amandla amaningi aphezulu, i-manganese inyusa ukuphepha kwebhethri, futhi i-cobalt isiza ukuzinzisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali futhi ithuthukise impilo yonke.
Impahla ye-electrode engalungile: Ama-electrode angalungile ngokuvamile enziwa ngegraphite noma ezinye izinhlobo zezinto zekhabhoni. I-graphite anode ihlinzeka ngesakhiwo esizinzile sokugcina nokukhulula ama-ion e-lithium.
I-Electrolyte: I-electrolyte iyindlela eqhubayo ebhethrini evumela ukuthi i-lithium ion ihambe phakathi kwama-electrode aqondile noma angalungile ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha. I-electrolyte ivamise ukwenziwa ngosawoti we-lithium (njenge-lithium hexafluorophosphate) encibilikiswe ku-solvent ephilayo.
I-Diaphragm: I-diaphragm iwulwelwesi oluncane, olunezimbotshana olubekwe phakathi kwama-electrode alungile kanye nama-negative ukuze ahlukanise ngokomzimba ama-electrode aqondile noma angalungile kuyilapho ivumela i-lithium ion ukuthi idlule. Izinto kanye nosayizi wembotshana we-diaphragm unomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni nasekuphepheni kwebhethri.
Igobolondo kanye ne-encapsulation: Ukuze kuvikelwe izinto ezibucayi ngaphakathi kwebhethri kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile, amabhethri e-NMC agqunywe ngegobolondo eliqinile. I-casing ingaba ne-flexible (isb. amabhethri eselula) noma iqinile (isb. amaphakethe ebhethri emoto kagesi).
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemikhakha
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe NMC (nickel-manganese-cobalt) amabhethri e-lithium-ion asekelwe ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yezinto ezintathu ze-nickel, i-manganese ne-cobalt ku-cathode material. Umehluko kulesi silinganiso awuthinti kuphela ukusebenza kwebhethri, njengokuminyana kwamandla, impilo yomjikelezo nokuzinza, kodwa futhi uhlobene nezindleko nokuphepha. Nazi ezinye izigaba ezijwayelekile zamabhethri e-NMC:
I-NMC111:
Kulolu hlobo lwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, isilinganiso se-nickel, manganese, ne-cobalt ngu-1:1:1.
Amabhethri e-NMC111 anikeza ibhalansi enhle yokusebenza, okuhlanganisa ukuminyana kwamandla okumaphakathi, ukuzinza komjikelezo omuhle, kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.
Lawa mabhethri asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni efana namathuluzi kagesi namabhayisikili kagesi.
I-NMC622:
Ebhethrini le-NMC622, ingxenye ye-nickel ikhuphuke yafinyelela ku-60%, kuyilapho ingxenye ye-manganese ne-cobalt yehliswa ibe ngu-20% ngayinye.
Okuqukethwe kwe-nickel okwenyukile kuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla, okwenza leli bhethri lifaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezidingo zamandla aphezulu, njengezimoto ezithile zikagesi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-NMC111, i-NMC622 inikeza ukwanda okukhulu kokuminyana kwamandla, kodwa ingase idele ukuzinza komjikelezo nezindleko.
I-NMC811:
Amabhethri e-NMC811 anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nickel okungu-80%, kuyilapho i-manganese ne-cobalt ngayinye ingu-10%.
Lolu hlobo lwebhethri lunomthamo omkhulu wamandla futhi lufanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ububanzi obuphezulu, njengezimoto zikagesi zeprimiyamu. Kodwa-ke, ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-nickel nakho kubangela izinselelo ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa izinkinga zokuzinza kokushisa kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo.
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza
NMC (nickel-manganese-cobalt) amabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu, impilo yomjikelezo omude kanye nokusebenza okuhle kukonke. Okulandelayo yizimo zohlelo lokusebenza eziyinhloko zamabhethri e-NMC:
Izimoto zikagesi (EV):
Amabhethri e-NMC adume kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezilandela ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nebanga elide.
Imishini ephathekayo ye-elekthronikhi:
Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-smartphone, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, amathebulethi, njll. Lawa madivayisi adinga amabhethri amancane, angasindi anamandla aphezulu, lapho amabhethri e-NMC edlula kahle khona.
Amasistimu okugcina amandla (ESS):
Amasistimu okugcina amandla elanga noma omoya ukuze asetshenziswe kwezohwebo nezindawo zokuhlala: Amabhethri e-NMC ahlinzeka ngokuminyana kwamandla adingekayo kanye nokuzinza kwamabhayisikili kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla esikhathi eside.
Amabhayisikili e-E nama-e-scooters:
Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuvamile zidinga amabhethri angasindi kanye namandla aphezulu, futhi amabhethri e-NMC ahlangabezana nalezi zidingo.
Izimoto zasemoyeni zikagesi kanye nezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu (ama-UAV):
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-aerospace njengama-UAV, amabhethri e-NMC asetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu kanye nesisindo esilula.
Izisetshenziswa zezimboni nezokwelapha:
Kwezinto ezithile eziyisipesheli zezimboni namathuluzi ezokwelapha aphathwayo, amabhethri e-NMC ahlinzeka ngokwethembeka nokuqina okudingekayo.
Ezokuthutha zomphakathi nezokuthutha ezinkulu:
Lokhu kuhlanganisa amabhasi kagesi namaloli kagesi, adinga umthamo omkhulu kanye namabhethri anamandla aphezulu.
I-NMC vs. i-lead acid: Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza
Amabhethri e-NMC banomehluko omkhulu wokusebenza kusukela kumabhethri e-lead-asidi ngokuya kokuminyana kwamandla, isisindo, impilo, isivinini sokushaja, umthelela wendawo, kanye nezindleko. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kokusebenza kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamabhethri:
Ukuminyana kwamandla:
I-NMC amabhethri e-lithium-ion babe nokuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu, ngokuvamile okungaba ngu-150-220 Wh/kg, okusho ukuthi bangagcina amandla engeziwe ngevolumu encane nangesisindo esilula.
Ngokuphambene, amabhethri e-lead-acid anesisindo esiphansi samandla esingaba ngu-30-50 Wh/kg. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amabhethri e-lead-acid abe makhudlwana futhi asinde ngezidingo ezifanayo zokugcina amandla.
Isisindo nosayizi:
Ngenxa yokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, amabhethri e-NMC alula futhi mancane kunamabhethri e-asidi yomthofu ngokukhipha amandla okufanayo. Lokhu kwenza amabhethri e-NMC afaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukukhanya, njengezinto zikagesi eziphathwayo nezimoto zikagesi.
Ubuningi:
Amabhethri e-NMC ngokuvamile abe nesikhathi eside sokuphila semijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha engu-1,000 kuya kwezingu-2,000 noma ngaphezulu.
Amabhethri e-lead-acid anempilo yomjikelezo omfushane, ngokuvamile ebangeni lama-300 kuya ku-500 imijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha.
Impilo ende yamabhethri e-NMC isho imijikelezo emide yokushintshanisa futhi ingase yonge ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isivinini sokushaja nokusebenza kahle:
Amabhethri e-lithium e-NMC angashajwa ngokushesha nangempumelelo kunamabhethri e-lead-acid.
Amabhethri e-lead-acid anenqubo yokushaja ehamba kancane futhi ashaja kahle kancane.
Umthelela Wemvelo:
Amabhethri e-lead-acid aqukethe umthofu onobuthi obuphezulu nezinto ezine-asidi ezingaba yingozi emvelweni nempilo yabantu.
Ngenkathi Amabhethri e-NMC zinobungani bemvelo, kunezinkinga zezemvelo nezenhlalo ezihambisana nokumbiwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-lithium, i-cobalt ne-nickel.
Izindleko:
Amabhethri e-lead-acid ngokuvamile ashibhile kunamabhethri e-NMC ngokuya ngezindleko zokuthenga kokuqala.
Kodwa-ke, ngokombono wokusebenzisa nokunakekela isikhathi eside, amabhethri e-NMC angase abe nenani eliphansi eliphelele lobunikazi (okuhlanganisa ukuphindaphinda kokushintshwa, izindleko zokunakekela, njll.).
Sekukonke, amabhethri e-NMC enza ngaphezu kwamabhethri e-lead-asidi ngokuya ngokuminyana kwamandla, isisindo, ubude bokuphila, kanye nokusebenza kokushaja, okuwenza afaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokusebenza okuphezulu nezimfuneko zokuphatheka.
Kodwa-ke, amabhethri e-lead-acid asenezinzuzo zawo ngokuya ngezindleko kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zezimboni. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buqhubeka buthuthuka, amabhethri e-NMC aya ebiza kakhulu futhi kancane kancane ashintsha amabhethri e-lead-asidi evamile ezindaweni eziningi.
Okufanele ukucabangele lapho ukhetha amabhethri e-NMC
Isidingo samandla nokuminyana: Uma ukukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu noma ibanga elide lidingeka, njengasezimotweni zikagesi, kufanelekile kakhulu ukukhetha Amabhethri e-NMC nenani eliphezulu lamandla.
Izithiyo zosayizi nesisindo: Ezinhlelweni ezinosayizi nesisindo (isb. izisetshenziswa zikagesi eziphathwayo), ibhethri ye-NMC engasindi kungaba yisinqumo esingcono.
Impilo yomjikelezo: Ezimeni lapho ukushaja okuvamisile nokushajwa kuyadingeka (isb, amasistimu okugcina amandla), ukonga kakhulu ukukhetha ibhethri le-NMC elinempilo yomjikelezo omude.
Izindleko: Ngenkathi izindleko zokuqala ze Amabhethri e-NMC ingase ibe phezulu kunezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri, izindleko zawo zokusebenza zesikhathi eside kanye nemvamisa yokushintshwa iphansi.
Amandla wokushaja ngokushesha: Ezimeni lapho kudingeka ukushajwa okusheshayo, kufanelekile kakhulu ukukhetha ibhethri le-NMC elingasekela ukushajwa okusheshayo.
Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-NMC
Ukwandisa ukuminyana kwamandla:
Ngokuthuthuka kwekhemistri yebhethri nedizayini yesakhiwo, ikusasa Amabhethri e-NMC izolandela ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu, okuholela kumabanga amade ezinhlelweni ezifana nezimoto zikagesi, kuyilapho yehlisa usayizi webhethri nesisindo.
Ukuthembela okuncishisiwe ku-cobalt:
I-Cobalt iyimpahla eyivelakancane futhi ebizayo, futhi inqubo yezimayini ivame ukubandakanya ukukhathazeka kwemvelo kanye namalungelo abantu. Ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwe-cobalt kumabhethri e-NMC kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile socwaningo ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko nokuthuthukisa ukusimama kwebhethri.
Ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza komjikelezo nempilo yonke:
Abacwaningi basebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza komjikelezo kanye nempilo yonke yamabhethri e-NMC, okuzonciphisa imvamisa yokushintshwa futhi kwehlise izindleko zesikhathi eside zokusetshenziswa.
Isiphetho sendaba
Amabhethri e-NMC amabhethri asebenza kahle kakhulu aphinde ashajwa aziwa ngokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu kwamandla, ukuphila isikhathi eside, nokusebenza okuhle kukonke. Leli bhethri liqukethe i-oxide exubile ye-nickel, i-manganese, ne-cobalt njengezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode, i-graphite njengento engalungile ye-electrode, futhi isebenzisa isisombululo sikasawoti we-lithium njenge-electrolyte.
Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimoto zikagesi, izinto zikagesi eziphathwayo, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla, amabhayisikili kagesi nezithuthuthu zikagesi, ama-drones, kanye nemishini yezimboni neyezokwelapha.
Okokugcina, uma ungathanda ukuhlola uhla lwamabhethri e-NMC ozosetshenziswa ekhaya nasebhizinisini, hlola uhlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo enikezwayo Cooig.com.
