Njengoba nje umuntu othanda ukudla ezama ukuthola ibhuku elilodwa leresiphi elihlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kokudla komhlaba wonke, amabhizinisi abhekana nokuphatha amanzi aguquguqukayo futhi ngezikhathi ezithile anesiyaluyalu ohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, oludinga ukuhamba ngendlela amasiko, amanani entengo, nemithetho emingceleni eyahlukene.
Ngokuhambisana nokuthi iresiphi elandelwa kahle iholela kanjani esidlweni esimnandi nesihambisanayo, uhlelo lweGlobal Trade Management (GTM) luvela “njengencwadi yamarisiphu” ebaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo emhlabeni wonke. Isebenza njengomhlahlandlela oyinhloko ohlanganisa “izithako” eziyinkimbinkimbi zezidingo zokulawula, ukuqondisa kwezinto, kanye namasu okuthobela ukuze kube umsebenzi webhizinisi ohlangene nolula.
Ukushintshela ezinhlelweni ze-GTM, ngosizo lochwepheshe bokuthobela imithetho, kunikeza amasu azenzakalelayo nasebenza kahle ngaphandle kobunzima bokwenyuka kwemithetho kanye nokushintsha amanani entengo namuhla. Funda ukuze uthole ukuthi iyini i-GTM, isebenza kanjani, nokuthi ungayihlanganisa kanjani uhlelo Logistics.
Okuqukethwe
Yini i-GTM?
Isebenza kanjani i-GTM?
Kungani uhlanganisa i-GTM ohlelweni olukhona lwe-logistic?
Uyihlanganisa kanjani i-GTM nesistimu ye-logistic?
Ukuqondanisa kwe-GTM nokokusebenza phakathi kobunzima
Yini i-GTM?
Igama elithi “global trade management” (GTM) lingase libonakale libanzi, njengoba lihlanganisa cishe zonke izici zenqubo yokuhweba yomhlaba wonke nendawo ezungezile. Empeleni konke kumayelana nokwamukela indlela ephelele yokubhekana nezinselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinzima zemibhalo, kanye nezithambekele ekuxhumaneni kwenqubo yokuhleleka ngokusebenzisa uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo olunothe kakhulu lwedatha, oluthuthukisa ukubonakala kuyo yonke inqubo.
Ngokuyisisekelo, izixazululo ze-GTM zilula futhi zenze ngokuzenzakalela izinqubo ezihlobene nokulandelwa kwemithetho yamasiko nemithetho, izinto zomhlaba wonke, kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kwezohwebo, ukuzulazula ezinkingeni eziningi zezindawo zesikhathi, izimali, nezindlela zokuhamba ezihilelekile ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Le ndlela ebanzi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedatha ngamasu, iyakwazi futhi ukuthuthukisa imizila nezindlela zokuthutha, kube lula imisebenzi yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ifuna ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza nokugeleza kwemali, okukhuphula kakhulu isivinini sokuthengwa kwempahla. Ekugcineni, ukuphatha okucophelela okunjalo kunciphisa ingcuphe yokumenyezelwa okungalungile futhi kuqinisekisa ukunemba ekuthotshelweni kwezentengiselwano, okubalulekile ekugwemeni izinhlawulo nokuthuthukisa izindleko.
Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukuthi nokho, akubona bonke abahlinzeki be-GTM abangalebula ngokuqinile iminikelo yabo njengezinhlelo ze-GTM noma isoftware njenge laba bahlinzeki ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngohlu olubanzi lwezinsizakalo ezibhekelela izici ezihlukahlukene zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokusebenza kwempahla, okwenza izinhlelo zabo zibe yingxenye yokuphathwa kwemisebenzi yohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe kodwa zingagcini nje kulokho okungahle kuhlelwe ngokwesiko ngaphansi kwe-GTM.
Isinqumo esinjalo sokungazilebuli ngokusobala njengokuthi “GTM” singase sivele nje ekubekweni komkhiqizo noma amasu okumaketha. Kungase futhi kube ngenxa yokuthi kumane kuyingxenye yokuvela kwalokho i-GTM ehlanganisayo esimweni sohwebo somhlaba esishintsha ngokushesha njengoba lezi zixazululo sezikhule zafaka izici ezithuthuke kakhulu njenge-AI, Ukufunda Ngomshini, nokuhlaziywa kwedatha okubanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kufiphaze imigqa phakathi kwe-GTM nezisombululo ezibanzi zokuphatha ukuthengwa kwempahla.
Kunoma ikuphi, ngisho noma umhlinzeki engazikhangisi ngokusobala izisombululo zakhe njenge-GTM, isofthiwe yakhe isengabhekwa njengengxenye ye-ecosystem ye-GTM uma ihlanganisa imisebenzi eyinhloko efana nokuthobela imithetho nokuphathwa kwemikhuba, izimali zohwebo nokuphathwa kwemibhalo kanye nokubonakala kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
Isebenza kanjani i-GTM?
Ukugqamisa indlela amasistimu e-GTM asekela ngayo ngokuphelele ukuphathwa kohwebo emhlabeni wonke ochungechungeni lokunikezela, ake siwahlele ngokugeleza kwemvelo kokusebenza kohwebo ukuze acaciselwe:
Imisebenzi yesisekelo ye-GTM
Imisebenzi eyisisekelo ye-GTM ihilela isigaba sokuqala sokwenza uhlelo lwe-GTM lusetshenziswe futhi lusethwe, ngokuzenzakalelayo okugqanyiswe njengemvelo ehlanganisiwe ngokwemvelo kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa amasistimu e-GTM enziwe ngokwezidingo ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile kanye nokuthandwa yinhlangano. Ukwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo okunjalo kugcizelela indima yokuzenzakalela, ngamathuluzi okumisa okuzenzakalelayo athuthukiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusethwa okungenazihibe, kuyilapho kuhlanganisa nokugcinwa okudingekayo nokubuyekezwa kwesistimu njengoba kudingeka.
Ngaphandle kokucushwa kokuqala, izimali zohwebo zingomunye umsebenzi obalulekile izinhlelo ze-GTM ezikwazi ukuwuphatha. Isibonelo, ukwenza imisebenzi yezezimali ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nokusiza ku- ukubalwa kwezindleko zokuhlala. Ukuguqulwa kohlobo lwemali ngokuhambisana namazinga okushintshanisa ashintshayo, amanani entengo, nezinye izici zezimali ezithinta ezezimali zezohwebo nakho kwenziwe kwaba nokwenzeka nge-GTM. Iphinde ivumele inhlangano ukuthi isebenzise izinketho zezimali zohwebo, njenge izincwadi zezikweletu kanye nezezimali ze-supply chain.
Imisebenzi emihle yokusebenza ye-GTM
Ukuthuthukisa inqubo Logistics ukusebenza kahle kuwumsebenzi osebenza kahle kakhulu wezinhlelo ze-GTM. Kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms azenzakalelayo ukuze kunconywe imizila nezindlela zokuthumela ezingabizi kakhulu nezisebenza kahle, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokuthumela, imizila, abathwali, kanye nezindleko zokuthutha zingafinyelelwa, okuhlanganisa ukulandelela nokulandelelwa kokuthunyelwa.
Khonamanjalo, ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwemibhalo kungenye into ebalulekile okufanele inakekelwe kahle ukuze kuzuzwe impumelelo yokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Amasistimu e-GTM alula ngokwedijithali ukuphathwa nokusabalalisa imibhalo kuzo zonke izinhlangano ezihilelekile ekuhwebeni komhlaba.
Kusukela kuma-invoyisi okuthengisa nohlu lokupakisha kuya kuzikweletu zempahla, kanye nezitifiketi zemvelaphi, ukwakhiwa, ukushintshisana, nokugcinwa kwale mibhalo ebalulekile yohwebo kuyazenzekela. Kuhlanganisa futhi ukuqinisekiswa nokuqinisekiswa kwamadokhumenti ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuhambisana kwawo, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukusulwa kwempahla ephumayo ngokushesha kanye nokunciphisa amathuba okuba namaphutha enziwa ngesandla.
Ukuhambisana nokusebenza kahle kwe-GTM
Izisombululo ze-GTM zisiza ukuthengiselana okuphumelelayo kwemingcele kanye nokuthobelana nezimfuneko zamasiko amazwe ngamazwe njengoba zifakwe izici ezizenzakalelayo eziqhubekayo zibuyekeza ukuze zibonise imisebenzi yakamuva, amanani entengo, izivumelwano zohwebo, nemithetho yamazwe ahlukahlukene nezifunda ezihilelekile ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka.
Basiza ukuthobela umthetho kulo lonke uchungechunge lokunikezela, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo kuya ekuthengisweni nasekusatshalalisweni, egqamisa ukuxhumana kokuhambisana nezici ezahlukahlukene. Izinqubo zokuthobela ezijwayelekile ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke, njengokuhlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo, imfuneko ye ilayisensi yokuthekelisa kanye nokungenisa, futhi ukugunyazwa kwezimpahla ezithengiswayo kuhlanganisiwe.
Ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwenqubo yonke yezokuthutha ngokuhlinzeka ababambiqhaza ngolwazi olusobala, lwesikhathi sangempela kanye nedatha ehlobene nemisebenzi ye-supply chain kungomunye umsebenzi obalulekile wezinhlelo ze-GTM. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isimo, indawo, nesimo sempahla, amazinga e-inventory, izibikezelo zokufunwa nokuhlinzekwa, kanye nezinkomba zokusebenza. Kuhlanganisa nokuhlaziywa nokubikwa kwedatha ku khiqiza imininingwane nezincomo.
Imisebenzi yamaqhinga kanye nokukhula kwe-GTM
Ukulawulwa kwezinhlekelele kungenziwa lula kakhulu ngosizo lwezinhlelo ze-GTM, njengoba zisebenzisa i-automation ukuze zihlonze, zihlole, futhi zinciphise ubungozi obuhlukahlukene obuhlobene nokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke, okuhlanganisa ukushintshashintsha kwemali nezinguquko zezombusazwe. Le nqubo yenziwa lula ngezibalo ezithuthukile kanye nemininingwane eqhutshwa yidatha, esebenza kahle kakhulu ekusekeleni amasu okulawula ubungozi njengokubiyela, umshwalense, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.
Ngokufanayo, ukuhlela ukuqina kwesikhathi esizayo kanye nokulungela amasu kuba lula ngokuphawulekayo futhi kunembile ngezinhlelo ze-GTM. Lezi zinhlelo ngokwemvelo zakhelwe ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhathi esizayo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhizinisi angasabela ngokushesha ezinguqukweni zemithetho yezohwebo, izimfuno zemakethe, kanye nokushintsha kwamathrendi.
Kungani uhlanganisa i-GTM ohlelweni olukhona lwe-logistic?
Nakuba amasistimu e-GTM ekwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela, ukusebenzisana okudalwe ngokuhlanganisa i-GTM nezinhlelo zezokuthutha kungaholela echungechungeni lokuhlinzeka oluhlangene, olusabelayo, nelisebenza kahle.
Hlanganisa i-GTM ezinhlelweni ezikhona zezokuthutha ukuze ugweme amathuba aphuthelwe okusebenza kahle nokuthuthukisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakala kokusebenza, ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kokuthobela, kanye nokunciphisa ingcuphe yokubambezeleka nezinhlawulo ezihlobene nokungathobeli.
Amasistimu ahlanganisiwe avumela ukushintshaniswa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela, okungasiza ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, nokunciphisa izindleko.
Uyihlanganisa kanjani i-GTM nesistimu ye-logistic?
Ngaphambi kokuthi siqhubeke nokudingida kabanzi ukuthi singaluhlanganisa kanjani uhlelo lwe-GTM nohlelo lokuhamba, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu ye-GTM nohlelo olukhona lwezokuthutha kungase kwehluke kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni nohlelo olusha lwezokuthutha.
Ngokungafani nezinhlelo ezikhona lapho ukuhlanganiswa kuvame ukubandakanya ukuzulazula nokubuyisela kabusha ngaphakathi kwezinqubo ezimisiwe nengqalasizinda, amasistimu amasha anikeza isilayidi esihlanzekile, esivumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso, ngisho nokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene noma ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwengqalasizinda. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kuvame ukuba yinqubo eqonde kakhudlwana, njengoba kunikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu mayelana nomklamo nokucushwa kwesistimu.
Ngakho-ke, ake sigxile kakhulu ekutheni singaluhlanganisa kanjani uhlelo lwe-GTM nohlelo oluvele lukhona njengoba lokhu kuvame ukuvama futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi uma kubhekwa idatha ekhona, ingqalasizinda, kanye nokubaluleka kokugcina ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kufinyelelwa ngefomethi yenkundla noma ukuhlanganiswa nemojuli ekhethiwe, noma a inqolobane yedatha emaphakathi, i-digitalization, i-automation yemisebenzi kanye nokulandelayo yizinqubo ezibalulekile:
Ukuqondanisa ukuhamba komsebenzi
Okokuqala nje, kubalulekile ukufanisa amakhono e-GTM nemisebenzi yenhlangano ethile yokuhweba kanye nempahla. Lokhu kuqala ngokuhlola nokuhlonza izinqubo zamanje nezifiswayo zohwebo lomhlaba kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe izindawo zokuhlanganiswa kwe-GTM.
Ngemva kokuhlola kokuqala, isinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile kufanele sibandakanye ukuxhumana okuphelele nokuqondanisa kwezinqubo zebhizinisi kanye nokuhamba komsebenzi nabo bonke ababambiqhaza bangaphakathi nabangaphandle. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzelana nabahlinzeki, amakhasimende, abathwali, abadayisi bempahla, kanye nezigungu ezilawulayo.
Ukuxhumana okusobala nokusebenzayo nalezi zinhlaka kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi wonke amaqembu uyaliqonda iqhaza lawo ohlelweni oludidiyelwe, olubalulekile esigabeni esilandelayo sokuqeqeshwa nokuphathwa kwabasebenzi ohlelweni lwe-GTM. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-GTM kuhambisana nezidingo zeqoqo kanye nezidingo zokuthobela zabo bonke ababambiqhaza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchaza izinkomba ezicacile zokusebenza okubalulekile (ama-KPI) kanye namamethrikhi kubalulekile ukuze kulinganiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lwe-GTM ekuthuthukiseni ukuthobelana kwezohwebo kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhono lokusungula ukugeleza komsebenzi okusha noma ukulungisa okukhona njengoba kudingeka liwukhiye ekuzuzeni ukuhlanganiswa okungenazihibe. Kafushane, lesi sinyathelo sokuqondanisa kokuhamba komsebenzi sibeka isisekelo sokunquma izinga elidingekayo lokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwesistimu ye-GTM ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo ezikhona futhi kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezohwebo emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwesofthiwe nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha
Ngemva kokuqeda ukuqondanisa kwenqubo, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwesofthiwe efanele kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha. Ukuhambisana nesofthiwe kanye nokuthuthwa kwedatha okuphumelelayo yizihluthulelo zokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kulesi sigaba. Lesi isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-GTM lungafinyelela futhi lushintshisane ngedatha efanelekile nolwazi nezinye izinhlelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ngokungaguquki nangokunembile, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo ezikhona ze-IT ezihlukene, ezifana ne-enterprise resource planning (ERP) kanye ne-warehouse management systems (WMS).
Ukuhlonza lezi zidingo zedatha nolwazi lwesistimu ye-GTM, okuhlanganisa ukuqoqa imininingwane egcwele yolwazi oluhlobene nomkhiqizo, i-oda, ukuthunyelwa, ukuthobela, kanye nezezimali kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zedatha ezidingekayo zichazwa ngokunembile futhi zitholwa ezinhlelweni zamanje. Ukumisa amazinga namafomethi edatha kubaluleke ngokulinganayo futhi.
Lesi sigaba sokusetshenziswa singaphansi kokuhlela nokusebenza okucophelela kuyilapho kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifanele zokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa kanye namathuluzi afana ne-Application programming interface (ama-API) ukuze uthole ukugeleza kwedatha okungenazihibe phakathi kwe-GTM nezinye izinhlelo. Okokugcina, ukuhlolwa nokuqinisekiswa kokuhlanganiswa nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha kufanele kuqedwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwedatha, ukuphelela, ukuhambisana nesikhathi, nokuthembeka.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kanye nokuphatha
Ngale kokuhlelwa kokuhamba komsebenzi kanye nesofthiwe kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi nokuphatha ngezinye izingxenye ezivame ukunganakwa ukuze kuphothulwe ngempumelelo ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu ye-GTM. Eqinisweni, kusukela kubaphathi bezokuthutha kanye nezikhulu zokuthobela umthetho, kuya kwezezimali kanye nabasebenzi be-IT, laba bantu kufanele baqale babe namakhono adingekayo nolwazi mayelana nezinguquko kanye nemisebenzi emisha eyethulwe ukuhlanganiswa.
Lokhu kuhilela ukuklama izinhlelo zokuqeqesha eziphelele ezihambisana nalezi zindima zabasebenzisi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano, nokuhlanganiswa kwamasu okuphatha ushintsho ukuze kube lula ukugqugquzela abasebenzi kanye nokuzivumelanisa nesistimu entsha.
Izinsiza zokuqeqesha ezihlanganisa amamojula, amamanyuwali, amavidiyo, kanye nezindlela ezifanele zokuletha impendulo kufanele zithuthukiswe futhi zihlolwe ngokuhlolwa nokulandelela. Imizamo yokuqeqesha elandelayo ingase ihlanganise izibuyekezo ezivamile, izivuseleli, nezinhlelo zokuqashelwa ukugcina abasebenzi benolwazi ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lwe-GTM ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziguqukayo nezimfuno zenhlangano nemakethe.
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza kahle
Ngisho nangemva kokuphothulwa kokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza kahle kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kohlelo. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kufanele kuthenjelwe kukho ukuze kukhonjwe izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe. Ngokuhlola njalo umthelela wesistimu ye-GTM ekusebenzeni, izinhlangano zingakwazi ukubona noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi futhi zihlaziye izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuthuthukisa uhlelo.
Inhlangano kufanele iqoqe futhi ihlaziye idatha yokusebenza, ibeke phambili izinkinga namathuba okuthuthukisa. Isibonelo, izenzo zokuthuthukisa zisukela ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu kuya ekushintsheni kwenqubomgomo ngokusekelwe empendulweni yabathintekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigomo yokusebenza kwesistimu ye-GTM nezinto ezihlosiwe kufanele zibuyekezwe njalo futhi zibuyekezwe ngokulinganisa, ukubikezela, kanye nokuhlelwa kwesimo. Le ndlela yokuguquguquka iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-GTM luhlala luyithuluzi elibalulekile, eliphumelelayo lenhlangano, liqhubeka liletha izithembiso zalo futhi lizivumelanisa namashifu angaphakathi nawangaphandle.
Ukuqondanisa kwe-GTM nokokusebenza phakathi kobunzima
I-Global Trade Management (GTM) ayisebenzi nje njengethuluzi kuphela, kodwa isu eliphelele lokuzulazula ezinkingeni zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, linikeza indlela ehlelekile yokuphatha yonke imisebenzi yezohwebo kusukela emisebenzini eyisisekelo njengokuqaliswa, ukumisa, nokuphathwa kwezimali kuya ezicini eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhambisana nokukhula kwamasu. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-GTM iqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinyathelo, okuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa izinto zokusebenza ukuze zisebenze kahle, ukwenza imibhalo ibe lula, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukubonakala kochungechunge lokunikezela, kusetshenziswa ngokunemba okusekelwa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nedatha efanele, yesikhathi sangempela. Iphinde inikeze amandla amasu okulawula ubungozi kanye namabhizinisi anobufakazi besikhathi esizayo ngokumelene nesimo esingalindelekile sokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-GTM ezinhlelweni ezikhona zezokuthutha kubalulekile emabhizinisini afuna ukukhulisa uchungechunge lwawo lokuhlinzeka endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yomhlaba wonke. Ngokuqondanisa ukugeleza komsebenzi, ukuhlanganisa idatha, nokugxila ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuzuza ukusebenzisana okungenakuqhathaniswa emisebenzini yawo yohwebo kanye nempahla. Ukuxhumana kwe-GTM kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi ngakho kuba yisu elibalulekile ezinkampanini ezilwela impumelelo yomhlaba.
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