Izitshalo zamandla elanga zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenziseni amandla avuselelekayo avela elangeni, zihlinzeka ngomthombo wamandla osimeme futhi ovumela imvelo.
Njengamandla aluhlaza, avuselelekayo athatha umhlaba wonke isigaba esiphakathi, amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye bashintsha ukugxila ekukhiqizeni amandla abo. Izitshalo zamandla elanga zinikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokukhiqiza ugesi ngokuzimela, kusukela kokuncane kuya ekusebenzeni kwezinga losizo.
Uma ucabanga ukwakha isizinda samandla elanga, nanka amathiphu ayisithupha abalulekile okukuqondisa kule nqubo.
Okuqukethwe
Zenzani izitshalo zamandla elanga?
Sisebenza kanjani isizinda samandla elanga?
Amathiphu angu-6 angakusiza ukuthi wakhe isizinda samandla elanga
Izindleko zokwakha isizinda samandla elanga
Ukuvala
Zenzani izitshalo zamandla elanga?
Ngaphambi kokungena kumathiphu, kubalulekile ukuqonda umsebenzi oyinhloko wezitshalo zamandla elanga. Lezi zinsiza zenzelwe ukuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi.
Izitshalo zamandla elanga ngokuvamile ibhekisela ekufakweni okukhulu okukhiqiza ugesi wemiphakathi noma izifunda zonke. Kodwa-ke, amaphrojekthi elanga asophahleni emincane nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwamandla avuselelekayo.
Amapulazi asebenzisa amandla elanga asiza kakhulu ekwehliseni ukuthembela emithonjeni yamandla angavuseleleki futhi ukunciphisa umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Sisebenza kanjani isizinda samandla elanga?
Kusemqoka ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuphehla amandla elanga ukuze kwakhiwe ipulazi eliphumelelayo lamandla elanga.
Empeleni, isitshalo samandla elanga sithwebula ukukhanya kwelanga nge-photovoltaic (PV) amapaneli or izinhlelo ezishisayo zelanga. Khona-ke, amaphaneli e-PV aguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi ngokuqondile, kuyilapho izimiso ezishisayo zelanga zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze zishise uketshezi olukhiqiza isitimu, ezishayela izinjini zomoya ukuze ziphehle ugesi.
Ukuthwebula amandla elanga
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo izitshalo zamandla elanga ezithatha ngazo amandla elanga:
- Amaphaneli e-Photovoltaic (PV): Izitshalo eziningi zamandla elanga zisebenzisa PV panel noma ama-solar panel, aqukethe amangqamuzana elanga enziwe ngezinto ze-semiconductor njenge-silicon. Lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kushaya la mangqamuzana, kuvusa amadlingozi ama-electron, akhe amandla kagesi. Lokhu kuguqulwa okuqondile kokukhanya kwelanga kugesi kuyisisekelo sobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic.
- Amasistimu ashisayo elanga: Kungenjalo, ezinye izitshalo zamandla elanga zisebenzisa izinhlelo ezishisayo zelanga. Lezi zinhlelo zigxilisa ukukhanya kwelanga endaweni encane, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izibuko noma amalensi. Ukukhanya kwelanga okugxilile kushisa uketshezi (okufana nowoyela noma amanzi) ukuze kukhiqizwe isitimu, ebese sishayela izinjini zomoya ezixhunywe kumajeneretha, ekugcineni akhiqize ugesi.
Izingxenye zezitshalo zamandla elanga
Ngokungeziwe kumaphaneli e-PV noma isistimu ye-thermal yelanga, isitshalo samandla sizophinde sibe nalezi zingxenye ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:
- Ama-Inverters: Kuhlelo lwe-PV, inverters guqula i-direct current (DC) ekhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga ibe i-alternating current (AC). I-AC iwuhlobo olujwayelekile lukagesi olusetshenziswa kumagridi kagesi nasezintweni eziningi zikagesi.
- Amasistimu okulandelela: Izitshalo zamandla elanga zivame ukusebenzisa amasistimu okulandelela ukulandela ukuhamba kwelanga esibhakabhakeni. Lokhu kukhulisa ukukhanya kwelanga amaphaneli elanga noma izibuko ezithwebulayo, okwandisa ukuphuma kwamandla okuphelele.
- Isitoreji samandla: Izitshalo eziningi ezinkulu zamandla elanga zifaka izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezifana Amabhethri ukugcina amandla engeziwe akhiqizwa phakathi namahora okukhanya kwelanga okukhulu. La mandla agciniwe angasetshenziswa ngezikhathi zokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi noma isidingo esikhulu samandla.
Amathiphu angu-6 angakusiza ukuthi wakhe isizinda samandla elanga
Khetha isayithi lakho ngokucophelela
Ukuze ukhiqize ingcebo kagesi kusukela kumandla elanga, uzodinga ukukhetha indawo enokuchayeka kakhulu elangeni kanye ne-shading encane.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza ukuhlola okuphelele kwamandla ensiza yelanga endaweni ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla.
- Ukukhanya kwelanga okuhle kakhulu: Khetha indawo enokukhanya kwelanga okuphezulu nokungaguquguquki unyaka wonke. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwensiza yelanga ukuze uthole amandla okukhiqiza amandla ngezikhathi ezahlukene nezinkathi zonyaka.
- Ukuhlaziywa komthunzi: Hlaziya ngokucophelela i-shading endaweni oyikhethile. Khomba futhi unciphise noma yiziphi izithiyo ezingaba khona, njengezakhiwo noma izihlahla, ezingase zenze ithunzi kumaphaneli elanga.
Khetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele
Uma usuwazi isayithi lakho kanye nezinhloso zesitshalo selanga, khetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele belanga. Isinqumo sokuqala okudingeka usenze ukuthi ukhetha amaphaneli e-PV noma isistimu eshisayo yelanga. Cabangela izici ezifana nokusebenza kahle, ukwethembeka, kanye nezidingo zokunakekela lapho ukhetha phakathi kwakho kokubili.
Iphaneli ye-PV ukusebenza kahle kuzoncika engeli lokukhanya kwelanga nokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa. Uma uhamba namaphaneli elanga esitshalo sakho, khetha lawo afaneleka kahle isimo sezulu nezimo ezithile zesayithi lakho.
Kungenjalo, uma ukhetha izinhlelo ezishisayo zelanga, dweba ngokucophelela isistimu ukuze ikhulise ukugcwala kokukhanya kwelanga. Linganisa ukusebenza kahle kwezibuko noma amalensi ekugxiliseni ukukhanya kwelanga kowamukelayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthwebula okukhulu kwamandla.
Ukuthobela imithetho yendawo
Zulazula kufayela le- ukulawula ukwakheka kwezwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwendawo, isifunda, kanye nenhlangano. Ngokuvamile, uzodinga ukuthola izimvume ezidingekayo nezimvume ngaphambi kokwakhiwa.
Kuye ngendawo okuyo, ungase udinge ukukhomba imithetho emazingeni ahlukene kahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, kungase kube nendawo, isifunda, kanye nenhlangano isishayamthetho eduze kwezitshalo zamandla elanga. Qinisekisa izinqubomgomo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa komhlaba, izindinganiso zokuphepha, neminye imininingwane ngaphambi kokuphothula izinhlelo zepulazi lakho lelanga.
Ungase futhi uthande ukucabangela umphakathi obanzi endaweni yangakini lapho wakha iphrojekthi. Gqugquzela ubudlelwano obuhle nomphakathi wendawo ngokudlulisela imininingwane yephrojekthi, ukubhekana nokukhathazeka, kanye nokubandakanya ababambiqhaza ohlelweni lokuthatha izinqumo. Ukwesekwa komphakathi kungaba semqoka ekuqalisweni kwephrojekthi ngokushelelayo.
Hlola umthelela kwezemvelo
Yenza ukuhlola okuphelele komthelela kwezemvelo ukuze unciphise indawo yemvelo yesikhungo sakho samandla elanga. Njengoba umgomo wokugcina uwukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yakho, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinqubo ezizinzile futhi ucabangele imiphumela yesikhathi eside ku-ecosystem yasendaweni.
Ukuhlola okuphelele kwemvelo kuzokusiza ukuthi uhlole umthelela wesitshalo samandla elanga ezimila nezilwane zendawo. Ngokusebenzisa idatha eqoqiwe, unganciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-ecosystem. Uma i-solar thermal system ihlanganisa amanzi okupholisa, qaphela kakhulu izinyathelo zokulondoloza amanzi.
Hash imininingwane yezezimali
Yakha uhlelo lwezimali oluningiliziwe oluhlanganisa izindleko zemishini, ukwakhiwa, kanye nokulungiswa okuqhubekayo. Ukuhlola kuyatholakala izikhuthazo, izibonelelo, nezinketho zezimali zokwenza isikhungo sakho samandla elanga sisebenze ngokwezomnotho.
Hlanganyela nochwepheshe
Bandakanya ochwepheshe abanolwazi kulo lonke ukuqaliswa kwephrojekthi. Lokhu kungabandakanya onjiniyela, abeluleki bezemvelo, nabaphathi bephrojekthi. Ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe kuzolula inqubo yokwakha, kubhekane nezinselele, futhi kuqinisekise impumelelo yesikhathi eside yesikhungo sakho samandla elanga.
Uma wakha indawo yokugezela esikalini esisetshenziswayo, uzodinga ukusebenzisana nethimba lemikhakha eminingi. Hlola osonkontileka bakho nabaphakeli bakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi bathembekile futhi baqeqeshiwe.
Uma iphrojekthi isimisiwe, tshala ekuqeqesheni okuqhubekayo ukuze ithimba lephrojekthi lihlale linolwazi lwakamuva ngobuchwepheshe bakamuva, izimiso zokuphepha, namazinga omkhakha. Lokhu kuzohlomisa ithimba lakho ngekhono lokubhekana nezinselele futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwesizinda samandla elanga.
Izindleko zokwakha isizinda samandla elanga
Kunezici eziningi ezithinta izindleko zokwakha isitshalo samandla elanga. Konke kusukela kusayizi wephrojekthi, indawo, nobuchwepheshe kuzoba nomthelela ekugcineni. Ngokuvamile, ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kuzomela into enkulu yezindleko. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzobona imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali ngoba uzokonga ugesi futhi ungakwazi nokubuyisela imali ngokuthengisa amandla kugridi yamandla.
Nazi ezinye zezindleko ozodinga ukuzicabangela:
- Amaphaneli elanga noma izingxenye ezishisayo: Isabelomali samaphaneli e-PV ekhwalithi ephezulu asuselwa ekusebenzeni kahle nenani. Kusistimu eshisayo yelanga, uzodinga ukucabanga ngezindleko zezibuko, amalensi, izamukeli, nengqalasizinda ehlobene.
- Ama-Inverters: Lawa madivayisi aguqula i-DC ibe yi-AC ukuze ihlanganise igridi.
- Ama-Transformers: Uma uzoxhuma isitshalo sakho kugridi yamandla, uzodinga ukuhlela isabelomali sama-transformer.
- Umhlaba, ukulungiswa kwendawo, nokuthuthukiswa: Zihlole ngokucophelela izindleko zokuthola indawo efanelekayo. Isabelomali sokuhlanza, ukugreda, nokulungisa indawo ukuze kwakhiwe. Uzodinga futhi ukwaba imali yokuhlola indawo, ukuhlolwa kwemvelo, nokuthuthukiswa komhlaba.
- Umsebenzi nokufakwa: Isilinganiso somsebenzi wokwakha nokufaka, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphaneli nokulungiswa kwendawo.
- Izimvume nokuhambisana: Ungase udinge ukukhokha imali ukuze uthole izimvume zokulawula. Ngokuya ngobunkimbinkimbi bephrojekthi yakho, ungase futhi udinge ukuhlela isabelomali sezinsizakalo zomthetho nezokubonisana.
- Ukunakekela okuqhubekayo kanye nomshwalense: Ngaphezu kwezindleko zokuqalisa, cabanga isabelomali sesikhathi eside sokunakekela okujwayelekile, ukuhlolwa, nokulungisa.
Ukuvala
Ukwakha indawo yokuphehla amandla elanga ephumelelayo kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela, ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo, nokuzibophezela ekuzibophezeleni kwezemvelo. Ngokulandela lawa macebiso ayisithupha, ungakwazi ukuzulazula kunkimbinkimbi yokwakhiwa kwesikhungo samandla elanga futhi ufake isandla ekusaseni elihlanzekile, eliluhlaza elinikwe amandla avuselelekayo.
Ingabe ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana namandla elanga nezinto ezivuselelekayo? Funda incwadi Ibhulogi ye-Cooig.com okwakamuva kwe-solar.
