Ii-reactors zeMichiza zidlala indima enkulu ekuhlukaneni kweekhemikhali kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa. Iireactors zisetyenziswe kushishino iminyaka emininzi kwaye ziza kwiindidi ezininzi, kubandakanya zombini ii-homogenous catalysis reactors kunye neheterogeneous catalysis reactors. Ezi zixhobo zekhemikhali zifumaneka ngokulula kwimarike ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abavelisi be-reactor abahlukeneyo, kunye ne-assortment yeemodeli, okwenza kube nzima ukwazi ii-reactors zemichiza ezifanelekileyo onokuzithenga.
Eli nqaku liza kunika amagqabantshintshi emarike yeereactors zekhemikhali, phambi kokuxoxa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali okanye iireactors zamayeza ezikhoyo kunye nendlela yokukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo kunye nemodeli yeemfuno zomntu.
Isiqulatho
Isabelo semarike yeereactors zekhemikhali
Iintlobo zeekhemikhali okanye ii-reactors zamachiza
Indlela yokukhetha ii-reactors zekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo
isiphelo
Isabelo semarike yeereactors zekhemikhali
Ngokubanzi, ishishini lemichiza liye lakhula kakhulu kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke kakhulu kwixesha elisusela ku-2020 ukuya ku-2030. Oku kukhula kuya kubalelwa kwimfuno eyongeziweyo yeereactors zemichiza ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezikhoyo ngoku ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. UPhando lweMarike eNgafihliyo luqaqambisa ukuba imakethi ye-reactors yekhemikhali inemfuno enkulu evela kubasebenzisi abaninzi bokugqibela ukwenzela ukuba kusebenze ukusebenza ngaxeshanye kwinkqubo enye.
Kukho ukhuphiswano olumandla oluvela kubadlali abaphambili abafana neRohco Inc, iDharma Engineering, kunye neHexamide Agrotech Inc. Aba bavelisi bazibandakanye kuphando kunye nemisebenzi yophuhliso ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezilindelwe ngabathengi. Imarike ye-reactors yeekhemikhali iya kuqhubeka ikhula ngenxa yolu tyalo-mali ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ngalo lonke ixesha loqikelelo, ummandla waseAsia Pacific uya kufikelela kuhlumo olukhulu kwiireactors zemichiza. Oku kungenxa yokwanda kwemizi-mveliso kumazwe afana neTshayina neIndiya. Kwakhona, uphuhliso olufana necandelo le-eco-friendly reactors lubangele ukwanda kwamathuba okukhula kwimarike. Ngokucacileyo, iSyzygy Plasmonics ityale imali USD 5.8 izigidi kwi-eco-friendly reactors zekhemikhali.
Iintlobo zeekhemikhali okanye ii-reactors zamachiza
1. Iireactor zebhetshi
I-Batch reactors zi-reactors zamakhemikhali apho i-reactants ifakwe kwiinqanawa ezivaliweyo, ezivunyelwe ukuba zixube kwaye ziphendule, kwaye izinto ezigqityiweyo zisusiwe. I-batch-wise feature ithetha ukuba isixhobo sinesiqalo esichaziweyo kwaye siyeke kwiinkqubo zokusabela. Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwishishini lemichiza kuphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nemveliso encinci. Iimpendulo ze-exothermic ezifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nexesha lokuphendula zixhamla kwi-batch reactors' bhetyebhetye. Zikwasetyenziswa kumachiza, kwikhemikhali, nakwi amashishini okutya neziselo.
2. Ii-reactors zetanki eziqhubekayo
Iireactors zetanki eziqhubekayo (CSTRs) ziikhemikhali ze-reactors ezibandakanyekayo kwiimpendulo eziqhubekayo apho ii-reactants zihlala zondliwa kwi-reactor njengoko iimveliso zisuswa rhoqo. Ii-CSTR zineenqanawa ze-cylindrical ezine-agitators ezixuba i-reactants ngelixa zigcina iziqulatho ze-homogenous. Banezibuko zokungena kunye nezikhuphayo ukwenzela igalelo elingaphazamisekiyo kunye nemveliso ye-reactants kunye neemveliso. Isixhobo sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi Umzi mveliso ngenxa yesakhono saso sokufumana iimpendulo ezizinzileyo njengoko ugxininiso lweereactants kunye neemveliso zihlala zingatshintshi ngexesha nasemva kwenkqubo.
3. Plug flow reactors
Plug flow reactors (i-PFRs) zizixhobo ze-chemical reactors kunye nokutya okuqhubekayo kwee-reactants kwinqanawa ye-tubular apho ihamba khona kwaye iphendule. Uyilo oluphambili lwePFR lubandakanya ityhubhu ethe tye ene-inlet kunye ne-outlet port kwi-reactants kunye neemveliso, ngokulandelanayo. Ngendlela efana neplagi, ii-reactants zihamba nge-reactor ye-tubular, apho umaleko ngamnye uhamba ngaphandle kokuqhagamshelana neeleya ezikufutshane. Kule meko, kukho ulawulo oluchanekileyo malunga neempendulo, njengoko iphethini yokuhamba inika iimveliso ezifanayo. Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kumayeza, iipolymers, kunye namashishini ekhemikhali kubushushu obuphezulu kunye neempendulo ezikhuthazayo.
4. I-semi-batch reactors
Semi-batch reactors ziactors zekhemikhali ezidibanisa iimpawu zebhetshi kunye neereactor eziqhubekayo. Ngolo hlobo, i-reactants enye okanye ezingaphezulu zisoloko zondliwa kwi-reactor ngelixa enye okanye ezinye ii-reactants zifakwa ngendlela yobulumko kwibhetshi kwisikhululo esinye okanye ezingaphezulu ngexesha lokusabela. Ngaphandle koyilo lwenqanawa oluvaliweyo kunye noyilo lwe-agitator kwi-batch reactors, i-semi-batch reactors inezibuko ezongezelelweyo zokufakwa rhoqo kunye nokuphazamiseka kokungena kweereactants. Esi sixhobo sigcina izivuno eziphezulu kunye neenguqu ezinolawulo olusondeleyo kwiimeko zokusabela. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwishishini lemichiza, kumayeza, nakwimveliso yepolymer.
5. Iireactors zeCatalytic
I-Catalytic reactors Zii-reactors zekhemikhali apho i-catalyst iququzelela ukusabela. I-catalyst inciphisa ukusebenza kwamandla afunekayo kwi-reaction kwaye ngoko yonyusa ireyithi yokusabela ngelixa inciphisa ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo ze-catalytic reactors, ezibandakanya ibhedi ene-fluidized-bed, fixed-bed, kunye ne-slurry reactors. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-catalytic reactors kwishishini lekhemikhali kubandakanya i-oxidation, i-hydrogenation, kunye nokuqhekeka. Ezi mpendulo zifuna ukuguqulwa okuphezulu kunye namazinga okukhetha ukuvelisa amayeza aphezulu, i-petrochemicals, kunye neemveliso zeplastiki.
Indlela yokukhetha ii-reactors zekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo
1. Isicelo
Iimpawu zesicelo ziquka ubume bokusabela, isikali sokusebenza, iimeko zokusabela ezifunwayo, kunye nemveliso efunekayo yemveliso kunye nococeko. Ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokusabela, ukhuseleko, kunye nemveliso yemveliso, abathengi kufuneka bakhethe uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwereactor yemichiza kwizicelo ezithile. Umzekelo, i-batch reactors isetyenziswa kumacandelo afanelekileyo ekhemikhali, amayeza, kunye nokutya kwimisebenzi encinci yokusabela. Ii-reactors flow flowing eqhubekayo zilungele ipolima enkulu kunye nepetrochemical reaction reaction. Ukongeza, ii-reactors zetanki ezivuselelweyo zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwi-esterification, i-polymerization, kunye ne-oxidation.
2. Imiqulu yokusebenza
Umthamo wokusebenza we-reactor yeekhemikhali ubandakanya umthamo wenqanawa ye-reactor ehlala kwii-reactants ngexesha lokuphendula. Oku kuxhomekeke kumthamo ofunekayo wemveliso, iindleko zesixhobo, kunye nokufumaneka. Ngokubanzi, ii-reactors ezincinci zibonelela ngezinto ezahlukeneyo kodwa zinemithamo esezantsi yokusebenza. Ngokwahlukileyo, ii-reactors ezinkulu zinendleko kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, nangona zifuna imilinganiselo yokhuseleko kunye neenkqubo ezinzima ngakumbi. Ii-Microreactors zibonelela ngoluhlu lwevolumu yokusebenza I-1-10 microliters. Iireactors zekhemikhali ze-Lab-scale zinokufumana umthamo wokusebenza we 100-400 ngeemililitha. Iireactor zokulinga-scale zinemithamo yokusebenza ye Iilitha ezingama-20-150. Ukongeza, ii-reactors zomgangatho woshishino zibonelela ngemithamo yokusebenza ukusuka phakathi 400 ukuba Ziikubhite ezili-1900.
3. I-Viscosity yeziqulatho
Abathengi kufuneka baqwalasele i-viscosity, engumlinganiselo wokumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi, kwaye kunempembelelo enkulu kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwe-reactor yekhemikhali. Oku kuxhomekeke kinetics reaction, iipropati rheological reactants, kunye nezixhobo & inkqubo iimfuno. Ngaloo ndlela, izinto eziphezulu ze-viscosity zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nokuguqulwa kokuxuba okusebenzayo, ukuhanjiswa kobushushu, kunye nokuthintela ukuvala. Ngokomzekelo, ii-reactors zetanki ezivuselelweyo zibamba uluhlu olubanzi lwee-viscosities. Olu luhlu luvela kwi-viscosity ephantsi ukuya ephakathi kwaye lunokuguqulwa ukuba lusetyenziswe ngezinto eziphezulu ze-viscosity. Nangona kunjalo, i-viscosity ephezulu ibangela ukuvaleka kunye neepatheni zokuhamba ezingaqhelekanga, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphendula. Ngokomndilili, kuninzi lweekhemikhali, i-viscosity ye-reactants kufuneka ibe phantsi kakhulu, kunye noluhlu malunga. ngaphantsi kwe-1 centipoise (cP) ukuya kumakhulu ambalwa ecentipoises.
4. Izinyibilikisi ezisetyenzisiweyo
Ngokubanzi, izinyibilikisi ezisetyenziswa kwiikhemikhali zichaphazela i-reaction kinetics, ukusebenza kwe-reactor, kunye neempawu zemveliso. Abathengi kufuneka baqwalasele iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zezinyibilikisi, iimeko zokusabela ezifunwayo, kunye nezixhobo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo. Ngaloo ndlela, izinyibilikisi ezinamanzi ezisetyenziswa kwi-organic synthesis kunye ne-biochemical reactions zingenziwa kwi-reactors yetanki evuselelweyo ukwenzela ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kunye nokuxuba. Izinyibilikisi ezingezizo ezi-polar ezifana notywala obusetyenziswa kwi-organic reactions zinokuqhutywa kwiitanki ezivuselelweyo, ibhedi enyibilikayo, kunye neereactors zebhedi esisigxina. Izinyibilikisi eziguquguqukayo zifuna ii-reactors ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-batch distillation reactor eqhubekayo.
5. Ixabiso
Abathengi kufuneka baqaphele ukuba iindleko zee-reactors zekhemikhali zixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zinto ziquka ubungakanani, izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa, ubunzima, kunye neemeko zokusebenza. Kufuneka kwakhona baqwalasele iimfuno zenkqubo, iinkcukacha ze-reactor, kunye nembuyekezo yotyalo-mali olunokubakho. Umzekelo, i-batch reactors inexabiso eliphantsi kune-reactors eqhubekayo ngenxa yoyilo lwazo olulula. I-reactors eqhubekayo inomgangatho ongcono wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kwimveliso ephezulu. I-avareji yeendleko ze-reactors eziqhubekayo ukusuka USD 10,000 ukuba USD 50,000. Kwelinye icala, ixabiso lee-rectors zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwishishini liqala kwi USD 30,000.
isiphelo
Ukufumana ii-reactors zemichiza ezifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile kufuna uqwalaselo ngononophelo lwemiba ekhankanywe kwesi sikhokelo singentla. Kunzima kakhulu xa abathengi beqonda iimfuno zeenkqubo zemichiza. Izixhobo kufuneka zibonelele ngelona xabiso likhulu kutyalo-mali olwenziweyo. Ukufunda ngakumbi, okanye ukujonga uluhlu lweemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu wereactors, ndwendwela Cooig.com.
