Kubantu abaninzi, iorenji ekrwada yinto kanye leyo—iorenji. Nangona kunjalo, abagcini-mali babona izinto ngokwahlukileyo kwaye bahlele into ngokuxhomekeke kusetyenziso lwayo. Baza kuyibhala njengempahla yabathengi ukuba ithengiswe ngokuthe ngqo okanye njengemali eyinkunzi ukuba amashishini ayayisebenzisa ukuvelisa ijusi yeorenji. Lo mahluko ugxininisa inqaku eliphambili: iimpahla ezinkulu zizinto ezisetyenziselwa ukudala ezinye iimveliso, ngelixa umthengi iimpahla ziimveliso zokugqibela ezithengwa ngabathengi.
Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga yonke into amashishini afuna ukuyazi malunga nempahla eyinkunzi kwaye liza kunika iingcebiso malunga nento omawuyiqwalasele ngaphambi kokukhetha ezi zinto zibalulekileyo.
Isiqulatho
Ziziphi iimpahla ezinkulu?
Zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zempahla eyinkunzi?
Amashishini kufuneka aqwalasele ntoni xa ethenga izinto ezinkulu?
Ukusondeza phezulu
Ziziphi iimpahla ezinkulu?
Nokuba yeyiphi na impahla yexabiso ephathekayo esetyenziswa ziinkampani ukwenza iimveliso okanye ukunika iinkonzo ziwela phantsi kwempahla eyinkunzi. Ngelixa abantu bethenga izinto zabathengi ukuze bazisebenzisele bona, iimpahla eziyinkunzi zibalulekile kumsebenzi weshishini ngalinye.
Ngesiqhelo, abacwangcisi-zincwadi baya kudwelisa izinto eziyinkunzi njengepropathi, iplanti, okanye izixhobo kwiingxelo zemali. Baza kubalandelela ukuhla kwexabiso ukuze amashishini azi xa iimpahla zabo ezinkulu zisondele ekuphulukaneni nexabiso okanye ziphantse zaphela.
Thatha ishishini elivelisa iijusi zeorenji, umzekelo. Basenokusebenzisa zonke iiorenji zabo ngexesha lemveliso yenyanga ukuba bathenga ilori yeeorenji ezikrwada. Iingxelo zemali ziya kubonisa xa ishishini kufuneka lithenge ngaphezulu ukuze ligcine izinto zihamba kakuhle. Ngokufanayo, izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukucubungula iiorenji ziya kuguga kwaye ekugqibeleni zifune ukutshintshwa.
Zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zempahla eyinkunzi?
Amashishini anokwahlulahlula impahla eyinkunzi ngokweendidi ezintlanu, kuxhomekeke kwindima kunye nomsebenzi wabo ngexesha lemveliso.
Oomatshini kunye nezixhobo
Olu didi mhlawumbi yinto yokuqala umntu acinga ngayo xa ecinga ngempahla eyinkunzi. Oomatshini kunye nezixhobo zibandakanya zonke izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngamashishini ukutsalwa kwezixhobo, ukuvelisa, unxibelelwano, kunye neminye imisebenzi. Eminye imizekelo eqhelekileyo iquka:
- Imigca yeNdibano
- Izixhobo zasekhitshini
- Izixhobo zekhompyuter kunye neeseva zedatha
- Izixhobo zokujonga umhlaba
- Iirobhothi zemizi-mveliso
- Qwalasela Izixhobo
Imathiriyeli ekrwada kunye namalungu
Olunye uhlobo lwempahla eyinkunzi efunwa ngamashishini yimathiriyeli ekrwada kunye namalungu. Ezi mveliso zinoxanduva lokudala iimpahla zabathengi okanye ukuqhuba oomatshini. Nantsi eminye imizekelo emihle:
- Izikrufu, amandongomane, kunye neebholithi
- Ilaphu, isikhumba, kunye nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa
- iinkuni
- Ukupheka izithako ezifana nomgubo, ioli, iswekile, kunye netyuwa
- Gasoline
I zithuthi
Iinkampani zisenokuthi zithathele ingqalelo izithuthi njengempahla eyinkunzi ukuba ziyisebenzisela ukuhambisa imathiriyeli okanye iimveliso ngaphakathi kwishishini. Imizekelo yezi ibandakanya:
- Iimoto zokuthutha abasebenzi kwiindawo zemisebenzi
- Iilori zokuhambisa
- Iilori ezifakwe efrijini
- Iilori zeTanker
- I-Warehouse forklifts
- iiveni zempahla
- Iilori eziluncedo
- IiCranes
software
Isoftware iwela phantsi kwempahla eyinkunzi xa amashishini eyisebenzisa ukuphucula imisebenzi yawo. Ngokungafaniyo nesoftware yabathengi kusetyenziso lomntu siqu okanye ukuzonwabisa, isoftware yeshishini iyimfuneko ekonyuseni impumelelo kunye nemveliso. Imizekelo ibandakanya:
- Iinkqubo zocwangciso lwezixhobo zokusebenza (ERP).
- Uyilo oluncediswa yikhompyutha (CAD) isoftwe
- Iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso (MES)
- Uhlalutyo lwedatha kunye nobukrelekrele beshishini (BI) software
- Ulawulo lobudlelwane bekhompyutha (CRM) isoftwe
- Ulawulo lwemali kunye nezixhobo zokuphendula
- Isoftware yolawulo lonikezelo
- Iinkqubo zolawulo lwemidiya yoluntu
Izibonelelo kunye nezakhiwo
Izibonelelo kunye nezakhiwo zibonelela ngeendawo ezibonakalayo apho amashishini asebenza khona, agcina iimveliso, kwaye alawule imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Imizekelo ibandakanya:
- Zo kuhlala
- Izitolo zokuthengisa
- Amaziko eenkcukacha
- Ukuvelisa izityalo
- Iindawo zeofisi kunye nezakhiwo
- Amaziko okusasaza
Amashishini kufuneka aqwalasele ntoni xa ethenga izinto ezinkulu?
1. Ishishini liyafuneka
Ngaphambi kokuba amashishini athenge naziphi na izixhobo, kufuneka achaze ngokucacileyo iimfuno zabo. Kutheni le nto iinkampani zifuna laa laptop intsha okanye umshicileli? Ngaba iyimfuneko, okanye yinto nje ebonakala imnandi ukuba nayo? Kubalulekile ukuvavanya injongo ethile yezixhobo, nokuba kukuphucula ukuthengisa, ukuphucula unxibelelwano lweofisi, ukukhawulezisa iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo, okanye imisebenzi yokuzenzekelayo.
Enye indlela eqinisekileyo amashishini anokugqiba ngayo eli nyathelo kukudwelisa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ekufuneka eyiphumezile. Emva koko, banokujonga ukuba ngaba izixhobo ziya kubanceda baphumelele okanye ukuba kukho enye indlela engcono (efana nokurenta). Linyathelo eliyimfuneko ukunceda iibrendi zikhethe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ezihlangabezana neenjongo zoshishino ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Iindleko zezixhobo
Iindleko zento zidla ngokubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo nokusebenza kakuhle kwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba amashishini afuna okona kulungileyo, kufuneka alungele ukuyihlawula. Ukwazi ukuba yintoni efunwa lishishini kuya kunceda iibrendi ziqonde iimpawu ezithile kunye nobuchule ekufuneka bezijonge.
Kodwa ngeli lixa ukufuna ezona zivumelwano zingcono kungokwemvelo, ngamanye amaxesha ukucutha iindleko akulunganga. Ukuba izixhobo zibalulekile kwaye zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo, kunokuba kufanelekile ukutyala imali eyongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amashishini afumana iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezanelisayo zonke iindlela.
3. Inqanaba loqeqesho lwabasebenzi
Omnye umba obalulekileyo kukuba ngaba abasebenzi bayalufuna na uqeqesho ukuze basebenzise izixhobo ezitsha ngokukhuselekileyo. Ngaba banalo ulwazi lokuyisebenzisa ngokunempumelelo? Ngaba baya kufuna uqeqesho olongezelelekileyo, yaye oko kuya kuxabisa ntoni? Ukuba nezixhobo ekungekho mntu unokuzisebenzisa akuncedi, kwaye ukuvumela abasebenzi abangaqeqeshwanga baphathe oomatshini abantsonkothileyo kuyingozi.
Kufana nokucela umfundi wesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ukuba aqhube ishishini lenyukliya eliyingozi, elinokukhokelela kwiimpazamo, ukulungiswa okuxabisa imali eninzi okanye iingozi. Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo luqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomsebenzi, lukhulisa amandla eqela, kwaye lunceda ukugcina abasebenzi abanezakhono.
4. Iindleko zokugcina
Kuya kubiza malini ukugcina esi sixhobo sisebenza? Ngaba inkcitho iyalawuleka, okanye iza kucudisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali? Amashishini kufuneka ajonge indlela yokunciphisa ezi ndleko ngokufanelekileyo.
Nangona ugcino lubalulekile, akufuneki lophule ibhanki. Xa ukhetha impahla eyinkunzi, qwalasela iindlela ezinokuthenjwa ezifuna ukusezwa rhoqo. Ngale ndlela, amashishini anokwaba izixhobo kwizinto ezibaluleke ngakumbi ngelixa egcina yonke into ihamba kakuhle.
5. Umgangatho
Kuhlala kulungile ukubeka umgangatho ngaphezu kobuninzi. Izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zihlala ixesha elide kwaye zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Amashishini kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba umthengisi uthenga iimpahla zawo ezinkulu kuye unophononongo oluhle lwabasebenzisi kwaye unikezela ngezixhobo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu. Kungenjalo, iibrendi zinokubonisana nengcali ukuba zincede zibakhokele kolona khetho lulungileyo olusekwe kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo abayidingayo.
6. Iimfuno zamandla
Xa uthenga izinto ezinkulu, khumbula ukuba phantse yonke into ifuna amandla ukuze iqhube. Abanini bamashishini kufuneka bazibuze, “Ngaba ndinombane owaneleyo wokunika lo matshini amandla (njengefriji esebenza ngamandla kwindawo yokutyela)?” Nje ukuba amashishini esazi ukuba angakanani amandla aza kuwafuna ukuze aqhube yonke into ngokutyibilikayo, anokuphonononga ukuba angayenza njani ngokufanelekileyo okanye aqwalasele ezinye iindlela zokugcina iindleko zamandla zijongiwe.
7. Inzuzo
Ingaba esi sixhobo siya kongeza ixabiso elingakanani kwishishini? Ngaba iya kuba nexabiso elingaphezulu koko abanini bamashishini bathembele kuko? Cinga ukuba yimalini isixhobo esinokunceda ukuvelisa (ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo) kwaye uthelekise oko kwimeko yangoku ngaphandle kokulinganisa inzuzo. Ungaze uthenge izinto ezinkulu ngenxa yoko.
8. Izinga lokuhla kwexabiso
Cinga ukuba umatshini uya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani kunye nokuba uya kunika ixabiso elihle. Ubomi obude besixhobo kaninzi buxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenziswa ngabavelisi ukuzenza. Ngokomzekelo, oomatshini abaneenxalenye ze-aluminiyam bahlala ixesha elide kunabo banentsimbi (njengoko intsimbi inokurusa). Ke, amashishini kufuneka athathele ingqalelo imathiriyeli yezixhobo zabo kunye nokuba inokuphatha ukusetyenziswa rhoqo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
Ukusondeza phezulu
Impahla eyinkunzi ibalulekile ukuze ishishini liqhube kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, iimpahla ezinkulu ngamanye amaxesha zifuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo, okuthetha ukuba aziyonto enokuthengwa ngamashishini. Okuvuyisayo kukuba, iinkampani zinokukuphepha ukuthenga izixhobo ezingazifuniyo ngokuqwalasela la macebiso asibhozo axutyushwa kweli nqaku.
