Iinjini zedizili ngamahashe asebenzayo ehlabathi lanamhlanje, zinika amandla yonke into ukusuka kwiilori ukuya kwiinqanawa, kunye neemoto zabakhweli. Iyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo kunye nokuqina, ukuqonda ezi njini kubalulekile kuye nabani na okwindawo yemoto kunye neendawo zezixhobo. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga ubucukubhede beenjini zedizili, ukunika ulwazi malunga nokusebenza kwazo, ukukhetha, ukugcinwa kwazo, nokunye.
Isiqulatho:
– Yintoni injini yedizili?
– Yenza ntoni injini yedizili?
-Uyikhetha njani injini yedizili
– Zihlala ixesha elingakanani iinjini zedizili?
– Indlela yokutshintsha injini yedizili
– Zingakanani iinjini zedizili?
Yintoni injini yedizili?
I-injini ye-diesel luhlobo lwe-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi esebenzisa ubushushu bokucinezela ukuqalisa ukutshisa ukutshisa i-fuel, ethi ifakwe kwigumbi lokutshisa. Oku kwahlukile kwiinjini zepetroli, ezisebenzisa i-spark plug ukutshisa umxube wamafutha omoya. Iinjini zedizili ziyaziwa ngokusebenza kwazo kunye namandla, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwiimoto ezinomthwalo onzima kunye noomatshini. Ukungabikho kwee-spark plugs kunye ne-ignition systems kwii-injini ze-diesel zenza igalelo kudumo lwazo lokuthembeka kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
Iinjini zedizili zisebenza ngokuzoba umoya ziwucinezele, nto leyo enyusa ubushushu bayo. Xa umoya uxinzelelwe kakhulu, isitshizi sesibaso sitofwa kwigumbi lokutsha. Ubushushu obuphezulu bomoya ocinezelekileyo butshisa i-fuel ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku kutsha kutyhala ipiston ezantsi, ethi yona ijikelezise i-crankshaft, ngaloo ndlela ivelisa amandla oomatshini. Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba ngumjikelo we-diesel, kwaye ibonakala ngokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-torque, ngakumbi phantsi komthwalo.
Uyilo lweenjini ze-diesel zihluka ngokubanzi, ukusuka kwiinjini ezincinci, ezilula zeemoto kunye noomatshini abancinci ukuya kwiinjini eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye ezinkulu ezisetyenziswa kwiinqanawa kunye nezicwangciso zemizi-mveliso. Ngaphandle kokwahluka kwazo, zonke iinjini zedizili zabelana ngomgaqo ofanayo osisiseko wokusebenza, oxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lokuvutha kwamafutha. Ukomelela kwabo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye noqoqosho lwamafutha kwenza iinjini zedizili zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezothutho zehlabathi kunye necandelo lezoshishino.
Yintoni eyenza injini yedizili?
Embindini wayo, i-injini ye-diesel iguqula amandla ekhemikhali agcinwe kwi-diesel fuel abe ngamandla omatshini. Le nkqubo yokuguqulwa yenza ukuba izithuthi kunye noomatshini benze umsebenzi, njengokuhamba okanye ukuvelisa umbane. Iinjini zedizili zixatyiswe kakhulu ngenxa yetorque ephezulu, nto leyo ezenza zilungele usetyenziso olunzima apho amandla okutsala kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kubalulekile.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweenjini zedizili zivela kumlinganiselo wazo woxinzelelo oluphezulu, ovumela ukutshiswa ngokupheleleyo kwamafutha. Oku kusebenza kakuhle akunikeli amandla amaninzi kuphela kodwa kukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwamafutha aphantsi xa kuthelekiswa neenjini zepetroli ezivelisa amandla afanayo. Ukongeza, i-diesel fuel inoxinano lwamandla aphezulu kunepetroli, okuthetha ukuba iinjini zedizili zinokufikelela umgama omkhulu kumthamo ofanayo wamafutha.
Iinjini zedizili zidlala indima ephambili kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, aquka ezothutho, ezolimo, ezokwakha nokuvelisa umbane. Kwicandelo lezothutho, banika amandla iibhasi, iilori, kunye nezinye iimoto zabahambi, zibonelela ngolungelelwaniso lokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuqina. Kwezolimo nolwakhiwo, iinjini ze-diesel zikhethwa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kunye ne-torque ephezulu, eyimfuneko kwimisebenzi enzima. Ngaphezu koko, ekuveliseni amandla, iinjini zedizili zisetyenziswa kwiijenereyitha ukunika amandla athembekileyo nasebenzayo ngexesha lokucima okanye kwiindawo ezikude.
Indlela yokukhetha injini ye-diesel
Ukukhetha i-injini ye-diesel efanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa, iimfuno zamandla, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Okokuqala, qwalasela iimfuno ezithile zesithuthi sakho okanye oomatshini. Kusetyenziso olunzima olufuna itorque ephezulu kunye nokuqina, injini enkulu, enamandla ngakumbi inokufuneka. Ukusetyenziswa okulula, injini encinci, eyonga amafutha amaninzi inokufaneleka.
Okwesibini, vavanya iimfuno zamandla kwisicelo sakho. Iinjini zedizili zilinganiswe ngamandla azo, ngokuqhelekileyo kumandla ehashe okanye iikilowatts. Qinisekisa ukuba injini oyikhethayo inokuzisa amandla ayimfuneko kwisicelo sakho ngaphandle koxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, njengoko oku kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
Okokugqibela, qwalasela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha enjini. Iiinjini ezisebenza kakuhle zinokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ekuhambeni kwexesha, nto leyo ezenza zibe lutyalo-mali olulumkileyo. Ukongeza, qwalasela ubukho bamacandelo kunye nenkonzo yemodeli ye-injini oyikhethayo, njengoko oku kuya kuba nefuthe lokugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kweendleko kwixesha elizayo.
Ingaba iinjini zedizili zihlala ixesha elingakanani?
Ubomi be-injini ye-diesel bunokwahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe kugcino, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nomgangatho wamacandelo ayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinjini ze-diesel ziyaziwa ngokuphila kwazo ixesha elide, zihlala zihlala ngaphandle kwezakwabo zepetroli. Ngokulungiswa okufanelekileyo, injini ye-diesel inokuhlala phakathi kwe-200,000 ukuya kwi-300,000 yeemayile, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, nangaphezulu.
Ukugcinwa rhoqo kubalulekile ekwandiseni ubomi benjini yedizili. Oku kubandakanya utshintsho lweoyile rhoqo, utshintsho lokucoca amafutha, kunye nokugcina inkqubo yokupholisa ikwimeko entle. Ukongeza, ukusebenzisa amafutha edizili ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba injini ayisebenzi rhoqo phantsi kweemeko ezimandundu nako kunokwandisa ubomi bayo.
Kukwafanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iinjini zedizili zorhwebo kunye nezoshishino, ezakhelwe kwiinkcukacha eziphezulu kwaye zigcinwe ngokungqongqo, zingahlala amashumi eminyaka. Ezi njini zenzelwe ukumelana nobunzima bokusetyenziswa kakhulu, zizenza zibe lukhetho oluthembekileyo lwezicelo apho ukuqina kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kubaluleke kakhulu.
Indlela yokutshintsha injini yedizili
Ukutshintsha injini yedizili yinkqubo entsonkothileyo efuna ukucwangciswa ngononophelo kunye nokuphunyezwa. Okokuqala, misela iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zenjini yokutshintsha ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nesithuthi sakho okanye oomatshini. Oku kubandakanya ubukhulu benjini, imveliso yamandla, kunye neendawo zokukhwela.
Emva koko, lungiselela isithuthi okanye umatshini wokutshintsha injini. Oku kubandakanya ukususa i-injini endala, enokuba yinkqubo enzima kakhulu efuna ukuqhawuka kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nombhobho, inkqubo yokupholisa, kunye noqhagamshelo lombane. Kubalulekile ukuba uleyibhelishe kwaye ulungelelanise la macandelo ngexesha lokususwa ukuqinisekisa inkqubo yokubuyisela egudileyo.
Emva kokuba injini endala isusiwe, injini entsha inokufakwa. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukulungelelanisa ngononophelo i-injini kunye neendawo zokunyuka kunye nokudibanisa kwakhona onke amacandelo ayenqanyuliwe ngaphambili. Emva kofakelo, kubalulekile ukujonga ngokucokisekileyo lonke uqhagamshelo kunye neenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into isebenza kakuhle phambi kokuba uqalise injini.
Zingakanani iinjini zedizili?
Iindleko zeenjini zedizili zinokuhluka ngokubanzi ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bazo, ukuphuma kwamandla, kunye nokusetyenziswa okucetywayo. Iinjini ezincinci zeemoto zabakhweli kunye noomatshini abalula zinokusuka kumawaka ambalwa eedola ukuya malunga ne-10,000 yeedola. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-injini ezinkulu zeelori, oomatshini bemizi-mveliso, nezokusebenza elwandle zinokuxabisa amashumi amawaka eedola, ezinye iimodeli zodidi oluphezulu zifikelela kumakhulu amawaka.
Ixabiso lenjini yedizili liphenjelelwa zizinto ezifana nobugcisa, imathiriyeli, kunye nokuntsonkotha kwenjini. Iimpawu eziphambili ezifana ne-turbocharging kunye ne-injection ye-injection ye-fuel inokunyusa indleko kodwa inika ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukongezelela, uphawu kunye nokufumaneka kwe-injini kunokuchaphazela ixabiso layo, kunye neenjini ezivela kubavelisi abaziwayo ngokubanzi bayalela ixabiso eliphezulu ngenxa yomgangatho wabo obonwayo kunye nokuthembeka.
Isiphelo:
Iinjini zedizili ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yehlabathi lanamhlanje, zinika amandla uluhlu olubanzi lwezithuthi kunye noomatshini. Ukuqonda ezi njini-ukususela kwindlela ezisebenza ngayo kunye nendlela yokukhetha eyona ilungileyo, ukugcinwa kwazo kunye nokutshintshwa-kuyimfuneko kuye nabani na obandakanyekayo kumashishini amacandelo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza. Ngokusebenza kwazo kakuhle, amandla, kunye nokuqina, iinjini zedizili ziyaqhubeka zilukhetho olukhethwayo kwizicelo ezininzi, zibonelela ngolungelelwaniso lokusebenza kunye nobomi obude obunzima ukuhambelana.
