Ukuba ujonge ukonyusa ukusebenza kwesithuthi sakho, ukuqonda itekhnoloji ye-turbo kubalulekile. Esi sikhokelo siya kukuhamba nge-ins kunye nokuphuma kwee-turbocharger, ukusuka kumsebenzi wabo osisiseko kunye nenkqubo yokhetho ukuya kulondolozo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweendleko. Zilungiselele ukwenza i-turbocharge uhambo lwakho kunye nokuqonda kwengcali!
Isiqulatho:
– Yintoni i-turbo?
-Yenza ntoni i-turbo?
-Uyikhetha njani i-turbo
-Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-turbos?
-Ukutshintsha njani i-turbo
– Zingakanani ii-turbos?
Yintoni i-turbo?
I-turbocharger, eqhele ukubizwa ngokuba yi-turbo, sisixhobo sokungenisa ngenkani esonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini yokutsha kunye nokukhutshwa kwamandla ngokunyanzela umoya owongezelelekileyo kwigumbi lokutsha. Lo moya wongezelelekileyo uvumela i-injini ukuba itshise amafutha amaninzi, ivelisa amandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. Kwintliziyo ye-turbocharger kukho abalandeli ababini: i-turbine kunye ne-compressor. I-injini yomoya inikwa amandla ziigesi zokuphuma ze-injini, ezithi ke zijikelezise isicinezeli, ukutsala kunye nokucinezela umoya phambi kokuba ungene e-injini.
I-Turbocharger ziyamangalisa zobunjineli ezisebenzisa amandla asetyenzisiweyo asetyenzisiweyo ukusuka kwiigesi zokukhupha. Oku kubenza babe yi-eco-friendly ukhetho lokunyusa amandla. Ziquka izinto ezintathu eziphambili: i-iturbine, i-compressor, kunye nenkqubo yokuthwala exhasa i-shaft edibanisa i-iturbine kunye ne-compressor. Ubunjineli obuchanekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwi-turbos zivumela ukuba zisebenze ngesantya esiphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu, okubalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwazo kunye nokuqina.
Imbali yee-turbocharger isukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, kunye nezicelo kuphapho phambi kokuba zidume kusetyenziso lweemoto. Namhlanje, ii-turbos zifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lwezithuthi, ukusuka kwiimoto zoqoqosho ukuya kwiimoto zezemidlalo ezisebenzayo kunye neelori ezinzima, ngenxa yokukwazi ukunyusa amandla ombane ngaphandle kokunyusa kakhulu ubungakanani benjini okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha.
Yintoni eyenza i-turbo?
Embindini wayo, i-turbocharger yenza injini isebenze kakuhle kwaye ibe namandla. Ngokucinezela umoya kunye nokuwondla kwi-injini kuxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-turbo ivumela injini ukuba ithathe umoya omningi. Umoya othe chatha uthetha ukuba amafutha amaninzi anokutsha, okukhokelela ekonyukeni okubalulekileyo kwamandla ehashe kunye netorque ngaphandle kwesidingo senjini enkulu. Le nkqubo ayigcini nje ukwandisa ukusebenza kodwa iphucula uqoqosho lwamafutha phantsi kweemeko ezithile, njengoko injini inokuvelisa amandla amaninzi ukusuka kwisixa esifanayo samafutha.
Ubuhle be-turbocharger buxhomekeke ekukwazini ukusebenzisa kwakhona iigesi zokukhupha ukunyusa amandla e-injini. Oku kuphinda kusetyenziswe amandla kunegalelo ekucutheni ukukhutshwa kweCO2, okwenza ii-injini ze-turbocharged zibe lukhetho olulungele ukusingqongileyo xa kuthelekiswa noogxa bazo abanqwenela ngokwendalo. Ukongeza, indima ye-turbo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini yenze ukuba ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwiinzame zanamhlanje zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezithuthi ngaphandle kokuncama ukusebenza.
I-Turbo lag, ukulibaziseka phakathi komyalelo wokukhawulezisa umqhubi kunye nempendulo ye-turbo, yinto edla ngokuxoxwa ngayo kwitekhnoloji ye-turbo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubela phambili kuyilo lwe-turbo kunye neenkqubo zokulawula kusinciphise kakhulu esi siphumo, esikhokelela kunikezelo lwamandla ngokukhawuleza kwiinjini zangoku ezitshajayo. Olu phuculo lwenze ukuba iimoto ezine-turbocharged ziphendule kwaye kubemnandi ukuziqhuba.
Indlela yokukhetha i-turbo
Ukukhetha i-turbocharger efanelekileyo kwisithuthi sakho kubandakanya ukujonga izinto ezininzi, kubandakanya iinjongo zakho zokusebenza, ubungakanani benjini kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Inyathelo lokuqala kukumisela ukonyuka okufunekayo kumandla ehashe, njengoko oku kuya kukhokela ubungakanani kunye nodidi lwe-turbo efunekayo. Kubalulekile ukuthelekisa amandla okuhamba komoya kwe-turbo kunye neemfuno zenjini yakho ukunqanda imiba efana ne-turbo lag okanye uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwi-injini.
Olunye uqwalaselo olubalulekileyo lwe-turbo's compressor kunye neenkcukacha zeiturbine, kubandakanywa ubungakanani bazo kunye ne-A/R (aspect ratio) amanani. Ezi nkcukacha zichaza ukuba i-turbo iya kusebenza njani kwizantya ezahlukeneyo ze-injini kunye nomthwalo. Ukubonisana nengcali ye-turbo okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokubala ezikwi-intanethi kunokukunceda wenze isigqibo esisekelwe kwiimfuno zakho ezithile kunye neenkcukacha zemoto.
Okokugqibela, qwalasela umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kwe-turbocharger. Ngelixa kunokuhenda ukukhetha imodeli enexabiso eliphantsi, ukutyala imali kwi-turbo ekumgangatho ophezulu evela kumenzi othembekileyo kunokongela imali kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ii-turbos ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziyilelwe ukumelana neemeko ezinzima ezisebenza phantsi kwazo, ziqinisekisa ubomi obude kunye nokusebenza okungcono.
Zihlala ixesha elingakanani ii-turbos?
Ubomi be-turbocharger bunokwahluka ngokubanzi, kunye nezinye zihlala ngaphezulu kwe-150,000 yeemayile ngokhathalelo olufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ixesha elide le-turbo ziquka umgangatho we-turbo ngokwayo, iimeko esebenza phantsi kwazo, kunye nokuba igcinwe kakuhle kangakanani. Ukutshintsha kwe-oyile rhoqo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba i-turbo ifakwe i-oyile ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile, njengoko amacandelo e-turbo esebenza ngesantya esiphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu.
Ukushisa kakhulu sesinye sezona ntshaba zinkulu zobomi obude be-turbo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixokelelwano sokupholisa se-injini yakho sikwimeko ephezulu kunganceda ukuthintela ukonakala kwe-turbo. Ukongeza, ukuvumela i-injini yakho ukuba ingasebenzi ixesha elifutshane emva kokuqhuba ukusebenza okuphezulu kunokunceda ukupholisa i-turbo ngaphambi kokuvala i-injini, yandise ubomi bayo.
Ukulungisa ngokufanelekileyo i-injini yakho ukuze isebenze ngokuhambelana ne-turbocharger yakho inokuchaphazela kakhulu ubomi bayo. Ukubaleka i-turbo kumanqanaba aphezulu ngokugqithisileyo ngaphandle kohlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo kwi-injini kunye nenkqubo yamafutha kunokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwe-turbo kwangaphambi kwexesha. Ukulandela izikhokelo zomenzi kunye nokubonisana neengcali kunganceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-turbocharger yakho ibonelela ngokusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiminyaka ezayo.
Indlela yokubuyisela i-turbo
Ukutshintsha i-turbocharger yinkqubo entsonkothileyo efuna ukuqonda kakuhle kwe-injini yesithuthi sakho kunye ne-turbo system. Isinyathelo sokuqala kukususa i-turbo endala, ebandakanya ukuqhawula i-exhaust, iinkqubo zokungenisa, kunye neoli kunye nemigca yokupholisa. Kubalulekile ukucoca ngocoselelo naluphi na ubutyobo obusuka kwiinkqubo zokuthatha kunye nokukhupha ukuthintela umonakalo kwi-turbo entsha.
Xa ufaka i-turbo entsha, kubalulekile ukutshintsha nayiphi na i-gaskets, itywina, kunye ne-o-rings ukuqinisekisa itywina eliqinileyo kunye nokuthintela ukuvuza. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-turbo entsha ilungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye iqiniswe ngokukhuselekileyo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo kunye nobomi obude. Ukongeza, ukubeka i-turbo ngeoyile ngaphambi kokuba uqalise injini kunokuthintela ukubaleka komile, okunokonakalisa iibheringi ze-turbo.
Ukubona ubunzima kunye nokuchaneka okufunekayo kukutshintshwa kwe-turbo, kunokucetyiswa ukuba umsebenzi wenziwe ngumkhandi oqeqeshiweyo okanye ingcali ye-turbo. Banokuqinisekisa ukuba ukutshintshwa kwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye i-turbo ilinganiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze usebenze kakuhle kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
Zingakanani ii-turbos?
Iindleko ze-turbocharger zinokwahluka ngokubanzi ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho. Ii-turbos zomgangatho wokungena kwiinjini ezincinci zinokuqala kumakhulu ambalwa eedola, ngelixa iimodeli ezisebenza kakhulu kwiinjini ezinkulu okanye usetyenziso olukhethekileyo zinokuxabisa amawaka aliqela eedola. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela kungekuphela nje iindleko zokuqala ze-turbo kodwa kunye nesidingo esinokubakho samacandelo ongezelelweyo okanye uhlengahlengiso kwisithuthi sakho ukulungiselela i-turbo entsha.
Iindleko zomsebenzi wofakelo lwe-turbo nazo zinokongeza isixa esibalulekileyo kwindleko iyonke, ngakumbi ukuba uhlengahlengiso olongezelelweyo okanye ukulungiswa kuyafuneka. Nangona kunjalo, ukutyala imali kwi-turbo esemgangathweni kunye nofakelo lobuchwephesha kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwesithuthi sakho, ukusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli, kunye nolonwabo lokuqhuba, kuyenza ibe lutyalo-mali olufanelekileyo kubantu abaninzi abanomdla.
isiphelo
I-Turbocharger zizixhobo ezinamandla zokuphucula ukusebenza kwesithuthi, zinika inzuzo ebalulekileyo kumandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukuqonda iziseko zendlela i-turbos esebenza ngayo, indlela yokukhetha eyona ilungileyo, kunye nendlela yokuzinyamekela nokuzigcina kungakunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ufumana okuninzi kwisithuthi sakho se-turbo. Nokuba ujonge ukonyusa umqhubi wakho wemihla ngemihla okanye ukwandise umatshini osebenza kakhulu, i-turbo elungileyo inokwenza umahluko.
