Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-laser cutter kwimarike, kodwa yeyiphi eyona ilungileyo? Eli nqaku lixoxa ngezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zenkqubo yokusika i-laser ngo-2022.
Isiqulatho
Iindlela zokusika iLaser
Iintlobo zomatshini wokusika we-laser
Iindlela zokusika iLaser
Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zendlela yokusika i-laser: ukusika i-laser vaporization, i-laser melt cutting, i-laser oxygen cutting, kunye ne-laser scribing kunye nokulawulwa kwe-fracture.
Ukusika i-Laser vaporization
Kwi-laser vaporization cutting, i-laser beam ene-high density yamandla isetyenziselwa ukutshisa izinto. Oku kuthetha ukuba iqondo lokushisa likhuphuka ngokukhawuleza, lifikelela kwindawo yokubilisa yezinto ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Izinto ke ngoko ziqala ukujika zibe ngumphunga, zenze umphunga okhutshwa ngesantya esiphezulu, wenze ukusikwa kwezinto. Ngokubanzi, ubushushu obuvela kwisixhobo sokwenza umphunga bubukhali, okuthetha ukuba umthamo omkhulu wamandla kunye noxinaniso lwamandla luyafuneka ukusika okusebenzayo kwelaser vaporization.
Ukusika iLaser vaporization kusetyenziswa kakhulu ukusika izinto zentsimbi ezibhityileyo kakhulu kunye nezinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi (ezifana nephepha, ilaphu, ufele, iplywood, iMDF, iinkuni, iplastiki kunye nerabha).
I-Laser inyibilika ukusika
Xa unyibilika ukusika nge-laser, iintsimbi ezisikwayo ziyancibilika ngokutshisa okuvela kwi-laser. Ukulandela oku, irhasi engeyiyo i-oxidizing itshizwa ngombhobho obambeneyo ngomqa welaser. Ekugqibeleni, isinyithi samanzi sikhutshwa ngoxinzelelo olunamandla lwegesi ukwenza ukusika.
Ukuze i-laser inyibilike inkqubo yokusika, isinyithi ayifuni ukuba ifakwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukongezelela, amandla afunekayo yi-1/10 kuphela yaloo nto ifunekayo yindlela yokusika i-vaporized cutting.
I-Laser melt cutting isetyenziselwa ukusika izinto ezingaxutywanga lula kunye neentsimbi ezisebenzayo, ezifana nensimbi engenasici, i-titanium, kunye ne-aluminium, kunye ne-alloys yazo.
Ukusika ioksijini yeLaser
Umgaqo wokusika i-laser oksijini ufana ne-oxy-acetylene cutting. Isebenzisa i-laser njengomthombo wayo wokufudumala kwangaphambili kunye negesi esebenzayo, enjengeoksijini, njengegesi yayo yokusika.
Ngethuba le nkqubo, amanyathelo amabini ayenzeka. Enye kukuba igesi isebenzisana nesinyithi, ibangela i-oxidation kwaye ikhulule ubushushu obukhulu. Enye yeyokuba iioksidi ezityhidiweyo zivuthelwa ngamandla ngaphandle kwendawo yokusabela yijethi yeoksijini. Le nhlanganisela yokushisa kunye nokususwa ngamandla kwezinto ezinyibilikayo zisika isinyithi.
Ekubeni ukusabela kwe-oxidation kwinkqubo yokusika ivelisa ubushushu obuninzi, amandla afunekayo kwi-laser oxygen cutting yi-1/2 kuphela efunekayo yinkqubo yokusika inyibilika. Ukongeza, isantya sokusika sikhawuleza kakhulu kuneso sokusika umphunga we-laser kunye nokusika ukunyibilika.
Ukusika i-oksijini ye-laser kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zetsimbi ezixutywe lula, ezifana nentsimbi ye-carbon, i-titanium steel, kunye nentsimbi ephathwa ngubushushu.
I-Laser scribing kunye nokulawula ukwaphuka
I-Laser scribing isebenzisa i-laser ene-energy-density high ukuskena umphezulu we-brittle material. Oku kufudumeza izinto kwaye kukhuphe umphunga kwi-groove encinci, apho kufakwe uxinzelelo oluthile olubangela ukuba i-brittle material iqhekeke ecaleni kwe-groove encinci. Iilaser ezisetyenziselwa ukubhalwa kwelaser ngokuqhelekileyo zi-Q-switched lasers kunye ne-CO2 lasers.
Ukuqhekeka okulawulwayo, okanye ulawulo lokuqhekeka, kubhekisa kusetyenziso lobushushu obuphezulu, obuveliswe yi-laser grooving, ukuvelisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal lwendawo kwi-brittle material, ebangela ukuba izinto ziphuke ecaleni kwegroove encinci.
Iintlobo zomatshini wokusika we-laser
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ukusikwa kwelasi Umatshini kwimarike, zonke eziwela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo:
- Ngokutsho kwezixhobo zokusika, oomatshini bokusika i-laser bangahlelwa kwi-metal laser cutters kunye ne-non-metal laser cutters.
- Ngokutsho kweentlobo ze-laser, oomatshini bokusika i-laser banokuhlulwa kwiinkqubo zokusika i-fiber laser kunye ne-CO2 laser cutting systems.
- Ngokutsho kokuhlelwa kwamandla okuphuma kwe-laser, oomatshini bokusika i-laser bangahlelwa kumatshini wokusika i-laser yamandla aphezulu, oomatshini bokusika i-laser-power medium-power, kunye ne-low-power-laser cutting machines.
Ukuchonga uhlobo lomatshini wokusika i-laser ngokusekelwe kwizinto zokusika i-laser
Ngokusekwe kwizinto ezisikwayo, oomatshini bokusika i-laser banokuba ngabasiki bentsimbi yesinyithi okanye abasiki be-laser abangenayo isinyithi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umatshini wokusika i-laser wensimbi usetyenziswa xa kufunwa izinto zetsimbi, kwaye umatshini wokusika we-laser ongeyontsimbi usetyenziswa xa usika izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi.
Ukuhlela uhlobo lomatshini wokusika i-laser ngokusekelwe kwiijeneretha ze-laser
Ngokohlobo lwe-laser generator, oomatshini bokusika i-laser bangahlelwa kwiintlobo ezintathu: i-fiber lasers, i-CO2 lasers, kunye ne-YAG lasers. Olu hlobo lokugqibela lunyamalele ekusetyenzisweni, nangona kunjalo, lushiya i-fiber lasers njengeyona nto iphambili kwimarike yelaser.
Ukuchonga uhlobo lomatshini wokusika i-laser ngokusekelwe kumandla e-laser
Ngokwamandla e-laser, oomatshini bokusika i-laser banokuhlelwa ngokweendidi ezintathu: amandla aphezulu, amandla aphakathi, kunye namandla aphantsi. Oku kubalulekile njengoko amandla e-laser afunwa ngamasimu esicelo ahlukeneyo ahlukile.
Kwintsimi yoshishino, i-high-power fiber laser cutting machines yiyona nto isetyenziswayo, ngelixa kwintsimi ye-laser engraving, i-medium-power laser engraving kunye noomatshini bokusika ziintlobo eziphambili ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Ukuchaza uhlobo lomatshini wokusika i-laser ngokusekelwe kwiitafile zokusika i-laser
Ubungakanani bephepha bunokuchazwa njengenye yeentlobo ezimbini: ifomathi eqhelekileyo kunye nefomathi enkulu. Ke, itafile yokusika i-laser inokuchazwa njengeentlobo ezimbini: itheyibhile yokusika ifomati eqhelekileyo kunye netafile enkulu yokusika i-laser.
Kuhlobo lwefomathi enkulu, ubude bokusika kwindlela ye-X-axis ngokuqhelekileyo bulinganisa ngaphezu kwe-8000 mm kunye nobubanzi bokusika kwindlela ye-Y-axis ngokuqhelekileyo ilinganisa i-2500mm. Kwitheyibhile yokusika ifomati eqhelekileyo, imilinganiselo ngokubanzi malunga ne-3000 mm-1500 mm, kunye ne-4000 mm-2000 mm.
Ukuqaphela uhlobo lomatshini wokusika i-laser ngokusekelwe kwiimilo ze-laser-cut
Uhlobo lokusika imilo lunokuba yi-2D okanye i-3D. Iimilo ze-2D zisikwa ngokubanzi ngeenkqubo zokusika i-laser flatbed, ngelixa iimilo ze-3D zinokunqunyulwa nge-robot laser cutting systems okanye i-5-axis laser cutting systems.
Ukwahlula uhlobo lomatshini wokusika i-laser ngokusekelwe kwisakhiwo sawo
Ngokwesakhiwo somatshini, oomatshini bokusika i-laser banokuhlukaniswa nokuba yi-cantilever okanye iintlobo ze-gantry. Uhlobo lwe-cantilever luthatha isakhiwo esivulekileyo, esilungele ukulayisha kunye nokukhulula. Ukongeza, yindleko ephantsi, iyenza ilungele amashishini amancinci naphakathi (SMEs). Uhlobo lwe-gantry, okwangoku, luthatha imowudi ye-bilateral drive, enomsebenzi oguquguqukayo oguquguqukayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika, kwaye inikezela ngokuzinza kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo kwexesha elide.
Ukuqonda uhlobo lomatshini wokusika i-laser ngokusekelwe kwisicelo sayo
Ngokwesicelo sayo, umatshini wokusika i-laser unokuthatha uhlobo oluncinci okanye uhlobo olukhulu lwefomathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintlobo ezincinci zisetyenziswa ngabathandi bokuzonwabisa, iivenkile zasekhaya, kunye namashishini amancinci. Iintlobo zeefomathi ezinkulu zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo kunye nokuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso.
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