Kuyaziwa ukuba iipropathi ze-resin ezicocekileyo zezinye iipolymers azikho mhle kakhulu, kwaye ubukhulu becala azinakusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo. Kufuneka zitshintshwe ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zeemveliso. Xa sithetha ngeeplastiki ezilungisiweyo, yintoni kanye kanye etshintshiweyo? Zeziphi iimpawu ezinokuthi zitshintshwe, ezifana nokuxinana, ukungafihli, ukuqina, ukuqhubekeka, ukomelela, kunye nokuqina? Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga kumacala asibhozo amakhulu okuguqulwa kweplastiki kunye nefuthe loguquko lweeplastiki eziguquliweyo kwizixhobo zasekhaya.
Isiqulatho:
Yintoni ukuguqulwa kweeplastiki?
Iindlela ezisibhozo eziphambili zokuguqulwa kweplastiki
Ubunakho obungapheliyo beeplastiki eziguquliweyo kwizixhobo zasekhaya
Iindlela ezintandathu eziphambili kwiiplastiki ezilungisiweyo zezixhobo zasekhaya
Yintoni ukuguqulwa kweeplastiki?
Ukubeka nje, ukuguqulwa kweeplastiki kukutshintsha iimpawu zokuqala zeplastiki ngokusebenzisa umzimba, iikhemikhali, kunye nezinye iindlela, ukwandisa okanye ukuphucula iimpawu zabo zangaphambili, zenze ukuba zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiimveliso zokugqibela.
Iindlela ezisibhozo eziphambili zokuguqulwa kweplastiki
Xa kuziwa ekuguquleni, zeziphi iimpawu zezinto eziphathekayo eziguqulwa ngokubanzi kwiiplastiki eziguquliweyo? Ngamafutshane, kukho malunga neentlobo ezisibhozo:
mninzi
Ukutshintsha ubuninzi beeplastiki kunokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: enye kukunciphisa ubuninzi beeplastiki, kwaye enye kukunyusa ubuninzi beeplastiki, kuxhomekeke ekukhethweni kwesicelo sokugqibela. Apha, ikakhulu sazisa iindlela zokunciphisa ukuxinana kweeplastiki.
Ukunciphisa uxinaniso lweplastiki: Ngokwefomula yesikolo esiphakamileyo i-M=ρV, oku kuthetha ukuba xa ubuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo buncitshisiwe, ubunzima buya kuncipha phantsi kwesiseko sokuba umthamo wokuqala wemveliso uhlala ungatshintshi. Oku kusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekukhanyeni kwezicelo zokugqibela ezifana neemoto. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokunciphisa ubuninzi beeplastiki ziquka ukongeza iifayili ezilula okanye i-resin, kodwa ukunciphisa ubuninzi kuncinci; enye indlela bubuchwepheshe obugwebu, obunoluhlu olukhulu lokunciphisa ubunzima kodwa kunzima ngakumbi.
elubala
Ngokumalunga nokucaca kweeplastiki, ngokuqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa ubudlelwane phakathi kobukristale kunye nokungafihli. Ukungafihli kweeplastiki kuhambelana nobucwebe beemveliso. Ngokulawula iindlela ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo seemveliso, ukungafihli kwabo kunokuphuculwa.
Ukulinganisa ukucaca kwezinto, ezininzi iimpawu zokusebenza kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Izalathi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka: ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya, inkungu, isalathisi se-refractive, i-birefringence, kunye ne-dispersion. Isixhobo esihle esiselubala sifuna ezi zalathisi zokusebenza ukuba zibe ntle kwaye zilungelelane.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokutshintsha i-crystalline form ziquka:
- Ukulawula umgangatho we-crystallization, njengokulawulwa kwefom ye-crystalline, umxholo we-spherulite, ubukhulu be-crystal, kunye ne-crystal rhoqo.
- Ukwandisa isalathisi se-refractive, ngokukodwa ngokudibanisa i-high refractive index organic or inorganic substances engachaphazeli ukucaca.
- Ukunciphisa i-birefringence, enokuthi iphunyezwe ngokulawula ukuqhelaniswa ngexesha lokucubungula, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa iqondo lokuqhelanisa ukuthoba i-birefringence.
- Ukongeza izinto zokuphucula ukucaca kweeplastiki, ezibhekiselele kwindlela yokongeza izinto ezincinci ze-molekyuli kwii-resin ezicacileyo ukuphucula ukucaca kwazo. Le ndlela inokunyusa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kunye ne-refractive index kunye nokunciphisa i-birefringence.
- Ukongeza i-nucleating agents, eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokwandisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwee-resin ezicacileyo. Ii-agent ze-Nucleating zizinto ezincinci ze-molecular ezinokukhuthaza i-crystallization. Zisebenza njengeendawo ze-nucleation kwi-resin, ziguqula i-nucleation ye-homogeneous kwi-nucleation ye-heterogeneous, ukwandisa inani le-nuclei kwi-crystalline system, ukwandisa inani le-microcrystals, ukunciphisa inani le-spherulites, ngaloo ndlela isulungekisa ubungakanani bekristale kunye nokuphucula ukucaca kwe-resin.
- Ukongeza isalathisi esiphezulu sezinto ezingaphiliyo
- Ukongeza izinto ezinokunciphisa i-birefringence
- Ukongeza ii-anti-fogging agents
Ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka
ukuqina
Ukutshintsha ukuqina kweeplastiki kubandakanya ukuguqula ubulukhuni bomphezulu kunye nobulukhuni bubonke, ngokubanzi ngokongeza izongezelelo eziqinileyo kwiplastiki, zihlala ziqinile izihluzi ze-inorganic.
Umphezulu yobulukhuni: Oku kuphucula kuphela ubunzima bomhlaba weemveliso zeplastiki, ngelixa ubunzima bangaphakathi buhlala bungatshintshi. Yindlela enexabiso eliphantsi esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizinto zokuhombisa kunye neemfuno zemihla ngemihla. Ezona ndlela ziphambili zibandakanya ukugquma, iplating, kunye nonyango lomphezulu.
Ubunzima bubonke: Oku kudla ngokufezekiswa ngokuxuba iiplastiki, oko kukuthi, ukuxuba intlaka yobulukhuni obuphantsi kunye nentlaka yobulukhuni obuphezulu ukuqinisa ukuqina ngokubanzi.
Iiresin ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zibandakanya: PS, PMMA, ABS, kunye neMF. Iireyini ezifuna ikakhulu ukuguqulwa ziquka iindidi ze-PE, i-PA, i-PTFE, kunye ne-PP.
voco
Ukuguquguquka ngokuqhelekileyo kuguqulwa ngokudibanisa iiplastiki. Umsebenzi ophambili we-plasticizers kukuphucula ukusetyenzwa kwe-resin, oko kukuthi, ukwehlisa ubushushu bokusebenza kunye nokuphucula ukusetyenzwa kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukongezwa kwabo kwii-resin ezifanelekileyo kunokunika ukuguquguquka kwiimveliso. Iirensi ezifanelekileyo zokuphucula ukuguquguquka kunye neeplastiki ziquka: i-PVC, i-PVDC, i-CPE, i-SBS, i-PA, i-ABS, i-PVA, kunye ne-polyether e-chlorinated.
Ukuqhubekeka
Ukuphucula ukusetyenzwa kweeplastiki ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya: ukwandisa ukushisa kwe-thermal ukubola kwe-resin; ukunciphisa ukushisa okunyibilikayo kwe-resin; ukuphucula ukuhamba kwenkqubo ye-resin; kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zokunyibilika kwe-resin.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuguqulwa ziquka ukongezwa kwee-agent zokuguqula, iiplastiki, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa. Iiplastiki zeplastiki zinokunyusa iplastiki yeepolima. Indima yezithambiso kukunciphisa ingxabano phakathi kwezinto kunye naphakathi kwezinto kunye nomphezulu wezixhobo zokucubungula. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa ukuchasana kokuhamba kwenyibilika, ukuthoba i-viscosity yokunyibilika, ukuphucula ukunyibilika kokunyibilika, ukuthintela ukunyibilika ekubambeleleni kwisixhobo, kunye nokuphucula ukuguda komphezulu weemveliso.
Ubunakho obungapheliyo beeplastiki eziguquliweyo kwizixhobo zasekhaya
Ngokuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kweplastiki kunye nokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila kwabantu, ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki eziguquliweyo kwishishini lezixhobo zasekhaya kuye kwanda kakhulu. Iiplastiki ezilungisiweyo zisetyenziswa kwizinto zasekhitshini, iimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu, kunye nokunye.
Ukuthatha izixhobo zombane ezincinci zasekhaya njengomzekelo, iimveliso eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya izipheki zoxinzelelo zombane, ii-cookers zokungeniswa, abenzi be-noodle, abenzi be-bun abatshisiweyo, oomatshini bobisi besoya, abalungisi bokutya, iijusi, iiketile zombane, izomisi zeenwele, ezolula, iishaver, nokunye. Ezi zixhobo zombane zincinane zasendlini zisoloko zidibana nabantu abazisebenzisayo, zidla ngokunxitywa, zisoloko zisemanzini, kwi-oyile, nakwityuwa enokukhokelela ekudlekeni, zisetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokubangela ukwaluphala, yaye zidla ngokubekwa ekukhanyeni okunokukhokelela ekubeni zibe nombala oqaqambileyo nokulahlekelwa kukukhazimla. Ke ngoko, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zibe nesibheno esinamandla sobuhle, ukuchasana nokukrweleka okuhle, kube lula ukusetyenzwa, kunye nokubonelela ngexabiso elifanelekileyo lokusebenza. Ukufakwa njani ngokufanelekileyo imathiriyeli yeplastiki ehlengahlengisiweyo ukunciphisa amaxabiso ezinto ezincinci zendlu ngelixa uqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokuba iimveliso zihlale emarikeni.
Izinketho eziphambili zeplastiki kwizinto ezincinci eziqhelekileyo zasekhaya
- I-oven ye-Microwave
Amacandelo eplastiki ikakhulu abandakanya iindawo zangaphandle njengeqokobhe langaphandle, isiseko, isiphatho, amaqhina, njl. njl., efuna ukumelana nobushushu. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziquka i-ABS enganyangekiyo ukushisa, i-HIPS ehlala i-flame-retardant, i-PP ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu, i-PC / ABS ingxubevange, njl.
- Umpheki welayisi
Amacandelo eplastiki ikakhulu abandakanya iindawo zangaphandle njengeqokobhe langaphandle, isiseko, isiciko, isibambo, iswitshi, njl. njl., efuna ukumelana nobushushu. Iintlobo zeplastiki ezikhethiweyo ziquka i-ABS engatshiziyo, i-PP ecwebezelayo.
- Ukucoca umoya
Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziquka i-ABS edayiweyo, izinto ezingatshiziyo, iindawo ezicacileyo (i-PC, i-GPPS), i-PP ekhanyayo.
Izinto eziphambili zamalungu angaphandle
I-ABS edayiwe: Ukumelana nobushushu, iglosi ephezulu yomphezulu, uzinzile ngokomlinganiselo, kulula ukusetyenzwa, kwaye kulula ukutshiza. Ingenziwa ngemibala eyahlukeneyo ngokweemfuno.
I-PP ene-filler: Ixabiso eliphantsi, ukuguquguquka okuhle, uzinzile ngokwemilinganiselo, kwaye kulula ukusetyenzwa.
Izinto zePC: Amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokungafihli kakuhle.
Ingxubevange yePC/ABS: Ukumelana nobushushu, iglosi elungileyo yomphezulu, izinzile ngokomlinganiselo, kwaye kulula ukusetyenzwa.
Izinto eziphambili kwiindawo zokuhombisa
Imathiriyeli ecacileyo: Transparent ABS, PMMA, PC, njl.
Imathiriyeli ye-Electroplating: Electroplating-grade ABS.
Izinto ezingatshiziyo: I-high-gloss non-spray ABS, i-AS engatshiziyo, i-PC engatshiziyo / i-ABS, i-PP engatshizi.
Izinto ezingatshiziyo zibonakalisa iglosi ephezulu, imibala yentsimbi, ukuqhubekeka kakuhle, imibala eqaqambileyo, ulwelo olulungileyo, kunye nokuxhathisa ukukrwempa.
Iindlela ezintandathu eziphambili kwiiplastiki ezilungisiweyo zezixhobo zasekhaya
1. Isisombululo semodyuli yombala wembonakalo
Izixhobo zasekhaya eziphucukileyo, ezisefashonini, kunye nezomntu ngamnye ezinemibala ziye zayinto engenakuthintelwa kuphuhliso lwangoku. Izisombululo eziphambili ziquka:
(1) Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezicacileyo, ezikhazimlayo eziphezulu, ezikwaziyo ukukhuhla, njl.
-Izixhobo zinemibala etyebileyo, enjengomnyama oqaqambileyo, omfusa-bomvu, oluhlaza oluhlaza, obomvu oqaqambileyo, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njl.
(2) Uchungechunge lwe-non-spray - iPearl kunye nemibala yensimbi, njl.
-Ivumela iimveliso zeplastiki ukuba zifezekise iziphumo zentsimbi ezifana nesilivere-emhlophe, igolide enqabileyo, isilivere-grey, njl., Ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutshiza okanye i-electroplating.
(3) Ezinye iziphumo ezikhethekileyo - iMarble, imibala ye-crystal flow flow, njl.
-Ifezekisa i-marble okanye i-granite-efana nefuthe kumbala weemveliso zeplastiki.
2. Isisombululo semodyuli yezinto zokhuseleko
Izixhobo zokhuseleko ziye zaba yinto esisiseko yophuhliso lwangoku.
(1) Izinto ezinqanda amadangatye aphezulu, i-halogen-free kunye nezixhobo eziphantsi komsi
Ngokomzekelo, umsi ophantsi we-bromine-phosphorus synergistic high-flame-retardant PP / ABS / PS okanye umsi ophantsi we-halogen-free-flame-retardant PP / ABS / PS / PBT izinto zisetyenziselwa iindawo zangaphakathi okanye iindawo zangaphandle ezifana neebhokisi zeemoto zefriji, i-air conditioners kunye noomatshini bokuhlamba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-1.5mm , 5 GWIT kunye ne-850VA njalo.
(2) Izinto zokusebenza eziphezulu
I-antistatic esisigxina enemibala ye-PP / ABS / PS, njl. i-flame-retardant ephezulu kunye nokuvuza okuphezulu kokulandela i-ABS/PP/PA/PBT, njl. i-PP / ABS / PS / PBT eqhubayo, njl.njl zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezisebenzayo zangaphakathi. Ezi zixhobo zihlangabezana neemfuno ze-white-white-anti-static 109, ixabiso eliphezulu le-CTI (600V), njl.
3. Izisombululo zemodyuli ezilula
Yinto engenakuthintelwa ukuba iimveliso ezikhaphukhaphu zandiswe ukusuka kwiimoto ukuya kwizinto zombane zasekhaya.
(1) Iplastiki endaweni yeglasi, izinto ezibonakalayo ezicacileyo neziqinileyo
Izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo eziphezulu ezifana ne-PP/ABS/PMMA/PETG/PES/PSF zisetyenziswa kumacandelo afana neefestile zokujonga. Ngelixa uqinisekisa ukungafihli, ezi mathiriyeli zikwahlangabezana neemfuno zococeko lokutya okanye ukumelana nokukrweleka/ ukomelela.
(2) Iplastiki endaweni yentsimbi, ukomelela okuqinileyo, ubunzima obuphezulu bezinto zokuzinza
Izinto eziphathekayo ezinomgangatho ophezulu we-fiber yeglasi (> 50%) kunye namandla aphezulu, kunye nezinto eziqinisiweyo zeglasi ende (LFT-PP / PA), zisetyenziselwa kwiindawo zobugcisa bezakhiwo zefriji, i-air conditioners, oomatshini bokuhlamba, njl. Ezi zixhobo zihlangabezana neemfuno zamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa kwamanzi abilayo, kunye nokumelana nobushushu kumacandelo esakhiwo. Ukongeza, izinto ezinogwebu ezincinci zinokunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima beeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zasekhaya ngelixa zigcina amandla afanayo, kwaye azibonisi zimpawu zokulwa okanye ukushwabana, zinika amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqhubekeka.
4. Izisombululo zemodyuli zezinto eziphilileyo
Ingcamango yempilo ibe yifashoni yangoku ekuphuhliseni izixhobo zasekhaya.
(1) Antibacterial / anti-mold materials
Ukubandakanya i-inorganic eco-friendly composite antibacterial masterbatch okanye i-organic high polymer antibacterial agents, ezi zixhobo zihlangabezana neemfuno ze-antibacterial ngaphandle kokuzisa ungcoliseko lwesibini (ezifana ne-Ag, njenge-ion) kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle zeefriji, i-air conditioners, oomatshini bokuhlamba, njl.
(2) Izinto ezingezizo ityhefu ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo
Sebenzisa izinto eziphantsi ze-VOC eziguquguqukayo (ezifana nePP / PS / ABS) kumacandelo angaphakathi nangaphandle kwezixhobo zasekhaya; sebenzisa i-plasticizer-free elastomer materials (i-TPE/TPV) yokutywinwa kweengcango kunye neegesi. Ukongeza, iimfuno ezisemgangathweni zee-VOCs kwizixhobo zasekhaya ziyaphuculwa.
(3) Izixhobo zokubhengeza ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo
Amalungu angaphakathi nangaphandle ezixhobo zasekhaya anokuxhotyiswa:
- Izixhobo ze-PM2.5 ze-adsorption, ezifana ne-Viscoelastic stone filler
- Izinto ze-formaldehyde adsorption, ezibandakanya isilicon esebenzayo okanye i-aluminium oxide fillers
- Izinto ezikhupha iiyoni ezingezizo
5. Izisombululo zemodyuli yexabiso eliphantsi
Iindleko eziphantsi ibe yimfuneko engxamisekileyo yophuhliso lwezixhobo zekhaya.
(1) Izinto ezintsha nezingabizi kakhulu zokusebenza
Izinto ezingabizi kakhulu ze-polyolefin zisetyenziswa, ezifana ne-high-gloss PP yokutshintsha i-ABS, kunye ne-ABS / i-PVC ukuze ithathe indawo ye-ABS ye-flame-retardant. Amalungu asebenzayo asebenzisa iplastiki endaweni yentsimbi, ubhedu, iglasi okanye ialuminiyam. Isipili esifana nesiqulatho sefayibha yeglasi ephezulu iPPS ithatha indawo yamalungu esinyithi afakwe i-electroplated. I-Eco-friendly, i-high-performance recycled plastics (PP/PS/ABS, njl.) ithathela indawo izinto ezintsha kwaye ithobelane ne-United States EPEAT (Isixhobo soVavanyo lweMveliso yeMveliso ye-Elektroniki).
(2) Ukunciphisa ubuninzi ngelixa ugcina amandla
Izinto zangaphakathi zesixhobo sasekhaya zisebenzisa i-microporous foamed structure materials (PP/ABS/PS, njl.). Izinto zokuprinta ze-3D (i-FDM/SLA/SLS) zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ngokukhawuleza kwizixhobo zasekhaya ukunciphisa iindleko ze-R&D. Uyilo lwesakhiwo semveliso luphuculwe ngeCAD/CAE, ukuphucula uyilo lwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwezixhobo zekhaya kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto.
(3) Ukudityaniswa kwekhonkco loshishino: abavelisi bepetrochemical benza ngokwezifiso iiplastiki ezilungisiweyo
Abavelisi bePetrochemical basebenzisana namashishini atshintshiweyo ukwenza izinto ezithile ezifana ne-high-gloss ABS / PS / PP, i-ABS ecacileyo / PS / PP, kunye ne-self-flame-retardant PA6 / PA66, inayiloni ende, i-ASA.
6. Izisombululo zemodyuli zokonga amandla kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi
(1) Izinto ezintsha zokusebenza ezinekhabhoni ephantsi
Ikhabhoni ephantsi ibe yinto engenakuphepheka ekuphuhliseni izixhobo zasekhaya. Izinto ze-Biodegradable kunye ne-alloys yazo (isitashi, i-PLA) zisetyenziselwa ukupakishwa kwesixhobo okanye iindawo ezingezizo. Izinto eziqiniswe ngefiber yendalo (PP) zinokuthatha indawo yezixhobo eziqiniswe ngeglasi. I-polypropylene ephezulu yokumelana nokushisa, i-high-rigidity ingathatha indawo ye-PS / ABS / PA, njengesakhelo se-PS se-air conditioners. I-Polypropylene ine-index ye-carbon emission index (1.95) ephantsi kakhulu kwiiplastiki ezitshintshiweyo zezixhobo zasekhaya, ezixhasa ukuphuhliswa kwekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
(2) Izinto zokusebenza ezigcina amandla kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo
Izixhobo ze-Thermoplastic elastomer (PVC/TPV/TPE, njl.njl.) zisetyenziselwa ukutywina kunye nezixhobo zokudambisa i-vibration kwizixhobo zasekhaya. Abalandeli bengxolo ephantsi basebenzisa izinto ezinogwebu ezincinci ukunyusa i-coaxiality kunye nokuphucula ibhalansi eguqukayo. I-Compressor vibration yokudambisa iipads zisebenzisa izixhobo ze-elastomer ezifunxa ukothuka okuphezulu ukunceda ukunciphisa ingxolo.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi oluchazwe ngasentla lunikezelwa ngu Ishishini lePlastiki laseShanghai Qishen ngokuzimeleyo kwi-Cooig.com. I-Cooig.com ayenzi lumelo kunye neziqinisekiso malunga nomgangatho kunye nokuthembeka komthengisi kunye neemveliso.
