Emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elithile, ezinye iindawo zentsimbi okanye izixhobo ziya kuqala ukugqwala. Oku kungenxa yokuba umoya kunye namanzi kwindawo engqongileyo kubangela i-oxidation kunye nezinye iingxaki.
Umhlwa kule migangatho yesinyithi iya kunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo zetsimbi okanye iinxalenye kwaye zenze ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo zetsimbi zibe nzima. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucoceka okulungileyo kunye noburhabaxa bale mihlaba yesinyithi, isakhiwo sabo kufuneka sisuswe.
Kukho intetho kwishishini lokulwa nokubola ebonisa ukubaluleka kokususa umhlwa; ithi kukho “amanqaku asixhenxe okususwa komhlwa neengongoma ezintathu zokupeyinta.” Kodwa umntu unokuwususa njani umhlwa phezu kwentsimbi? Kwaye zingaphi iindlela ezilula zokukwenza oko?
Unokusebenzisa izixhobo zamandla okanye iikhemikhali ukucoca izixhobo zentsimbi ezivuthisiweyo, okanye ungasebenzisa umhlwa owenziwe ekhaya ukucoca umhlwa kwiindawo zetsimbi. Olu khetho ludweliswe ngezantsi lwenza isishwankathelo sam sezona ndlela zili-18 zokususa ngoko nangoko umhlwa kwintsimbi.
Isiqulatho
Izicoci zeLaser zokususwa komhlwa
Izixhobo zamandla zokususa umhlwa
Ikhemikhali yokususa umhlwa
Rust isiguquli
Umhlwa owenziwe ekhaya
FAQs
Izicoci zeLaser zokususwa komhlwa
Ukususwa komhlwa ngeLaser
Oomatshini bokususa umhlwa beLaser luhlobo lwesixhobo sokucoca irusi esiphathwayo esebenzisa umqadi welaser ukususa umhlwa okanye ukutyabeka kumphezulu wesinyithi. Aba matshini badla ngokusebenza ngompu wokususa umhlwa ophathwa ngesandla onesantya esiphezulu.
eziluncedo
I-Laser rust removers isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, iyakhawuleza, inexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye ayonakalisi i-substrate. Akukho manzi okanye isinyibilikisi esifunekayo kwaye inkunkuma kulula ukuyiqokelela kwaye ayingcolisi okusingqongileyo. Zikwakhuselekile kwaye zithembekile, kwaye zingonakalisi impilo yabaqhubi bazo.
I-Laser rust removers inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zokususa umhlwa, isikali, ubumdaka, kunye neengubo zobunzima obahlukeneyo kunye nokwakheka. Inkqubo yokucoca ilula ukuzenzela umbulelo kumsebenzi wayo wokulawula umgama omde. Ingasetyenziselwa umsebenzi wokususa umhlwa omncinci kunye nomkhulu welaser.
neengozi
Ukungalungi kokusebenzisa ukususwa kwe-laser rust kukuba ifuna i-laser ngokwayo, kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo ezihambelanayo. Zonke ezi zixhobo ziyabiza, nto leyo eyenza kube lutyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lwexesha elinye. Nangona kunjalo, xa oku kuhlawulwe akukho ndleko yokuyilungisa.
Izixhobo zamandla zokususa umhlwa
Ukususwa komhlwa kwe-ultrasonic
Ngokususwa kwe-ultrasonic rust, i-high-frequency vibration signal ibhengezwe yijeneretha ye-ultrasonic iguqulwa ibe yi-high-frequency mechanical vibrations yi-transducer kwaye emva koko isasazwe phakathi. Amaqamu amancinci omoya kulwelo aqala ukungcangcazela phantsi kwefuthe lebala lesandi. Emva koko, lwakuba uxinzelelo lwesandi lufikelele kwixabiso elithile, la maqamza omoya aya kukhula ngokukhawuleza aze avaleke ngesiquphe, abangele umothuko. Oku kuyonakalisa ukungcola okungenakunyibilika, ukuyikhulula kwaye kuyiqhube kwisisombululo sokucoca. Ngethuba le nkqubo, iinqununu eziqinileyo ziyahlukana, ngaloo ndlela zisusa i-rust ebusweni beendawo zetsimbi.
Ukususwa komhlwa kweSandblaster
Ukususwa kwerust ye-Sandblaster isebenzisa umpu wesanti ukuqhushumba amasuntswana esanti ngomoya oxinanisiweyo kwindawo erulileyo yenxalenye yentsimbi. Le ndlela ayiphumeleli kuphela ukususwa komhlwa ngokukhawuleza kodwa ilungiselela umphezulu wokupeyinta, ukutshiza, i-electroplating, kunye nezinye iinkqubo.
I-Sandblasting yenxalenye yentsimbi ekufuneka iphathwe ngayo itshintsha inkangeleko okanye imilo yesinyithi, kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zoomatshini kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kwenxalenye yentsimbi, ukwandisa ukunamathela kwayo kwipeyinti, kunye nokwandisa ukuqina kwefilimu yepeyinti. Kwakhona kuhambelana nomgangatho kunye nokuhlobisa ipeyinti.
Isanti yequartz idla ngokusetyenziswa kule ndlela yokuqhunyiswa kwesanti. Yenziwe kwi-quartz ore ye-quartz ephezulu yendalo, ehlanjululwa ngokutyumza ngoomatshini, ukuhlamba, ukuhluza, ukomisa, ukuhlolwa kwesibini kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Isanti ye-quartz ibonakalisa amandla omatshini aphezulu, akukho kungcola, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, ukuzinza okuhle kweekhemikhali, amasuntswana afanayo, ukusebenza okuphezulu, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe.
Umpu wamanzi woxinzelelo oluphezulu lokususwa komhlwa
Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kungcono ukusebenzisa umpu wamanzi ophakamileyo wokuhlanjululwa kunye nokususa i-rust kwiindawo zetsimbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, impompo eqhutywa ngamandla igqibezela inkqubo yokufunxa kunye nokukhupha amanzi, ukuguqula la manzi aqhelekileyo abe nguxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namanzi aphantsi. Emva koko, ithumela amanzi kumbhobho woxinzelelo oluphezulu, iqinisekisa ukuba ifikelela kumbhobho woxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nomlinganiselo othile wamandla. Amacandelo okucoca umpu wamanzi aphezulu emva koko afunxa isanti kwintloko ye-sandblasting kwaye ayixube kunye nekholomu yamanzi aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Uluhlu lwamanzi olukhawulezayo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu luxuba isanti ngelixa ludutyulwa kwindawo yentsimbi. Ngale ndlela, umpu wamanzi oxinzelelo oluphezulu udibanisa ukungqubuzana kwesanti kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwamanzi oxinzelelo oluphezulu ukususa kalula ipeyinti okanye i-rust.
Ii-angle grinders zokususwa komhlwa
Ukususwa kwe-abrasive rust kufuna umsebenzi omninzi wezandla. Nangona kunjalo, bubuchule obusebenzayo kakhulu.
I-angle grinder sesinye isixhobo esinjalo esingasetyenziselwa indlela yakhe. Kwakhona sisixhobo esifikeleleka ngokulula ekubeni abagundi basebenzisa uboya bentsimbi, obunokuthengwa nakweyiphi na ivenkile yendawo. Ukuba inxalenye yentsimbi inkulu kwaye kukho irusi eninzi, nangona kunjalo, i-sander yamandla inokuba luncedo ngakumbi. Qala ngeenkozo ezirhabaxa kwaye usebenze indlela yakho ukuya kwiinkozo ezicolekileyo ukunciphisa umonakalo kwinxalenye yentsimbi. Ezinye izixhobo zesandla, ezifana ne-screwdrivers, zinokukunceda ukuba ukhuphe umhlwa, kodwa qiniseka ukusebenzisa i-sandpaper ecocekileyo ukususa nayiphi na imikrwelo xa ugqibile.
Ikhemikhali yokususa umhlwa
Ukuba awunqweneli ukusebenzisa izixhobo, ungakhetha iikhemikhali zokunyibilikisa umhlwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezi khemikhali zihlala zenziwe nge-oxalic okanye i-phosphoric acid, enokonakalisa ulusu lwakho. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu xa uzisebenzisa kwaye uhlale unxibe iiglavu xa uphethe iimveliso zeekhemikhali. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukuba ulandela imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kwemveliso, njengoko usetyenziso lunokwahluka kwimveliso ukuya kwimveliso.
Uninzi lwabasusi beekhemikhali bathatha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokusebenza kwaye bahlala befuna ibrashi emva koko. Ezi mveliso zinokubiza, kungoko into yokususa umhlwa ngemichiza isoloko isetyenziselwa ukususwa komhlwa.
Rust isiguquli
Endaweni yokususa umhlwa, abaguquli basebenza ngokusabela kunye nomhlwa okhoyo ukumisa i-oxidation eyongezelelweyo. Iziguquli zomhlwa zikhangeleka njengepeyinti yokutshiza kwaye zisetyenziswa njenge-primer yeedyasi zepeyinti ezintsha kwintsimbi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abaguquleli be-rust lukhetho olufanelekileyo ukuba uceba ukupenda izixhobo zakho zetsimbi okanye iinxalenye.
QAPHELA: Xa usebenzisa imichiza yokususa umhlwa okanye iziguquli zerusi, qiniseka ukuba ungaphandle kwindawo engena umoya.
Umhlwa owenziwe ekhaya
Citric acid umhlwa ukususa
Ukwenza lo mhlwa owenziwe ekhaya, yiya kwivenkile yakho yasekhaya kwaye uthenge ibhokisi encinci ye-citric acid powder. Galela iasidi kwisitya seplastiki kwaye wongeze amanzi ashushu-ukudala ulwelo olwaneleyo lokuvala isixhobo sentsimbi okanye inxalenye. Gxuma inxalenye okanye isixhobo kumxube kwaye ubukele amaqamza aphakama. Shiya isixhobo okanye inxalenye kumxube ubusuku bonke, uhlambulule ngamanzi ekuseni ukuze ekugqibeleni ususe i-rust kwintsimbi.
I-diesel yokususa umhlwa
Kwesi sixhobo sokususa irusi sasekhaya, thenga ilitha yedizili (hayi into yokongeza amafutha). Galela idizili kwisitya kwaye ubeke isixhobo esinomhlwa okanye inxalenye kuyo. Vumela inxalenye okanye isixhobo sihlale kwidizili malunga neeyure ezingama-24. Emva kokuba eli xesha lidlulile, susa inxalenye okanye isixhobo kwaye uhlahle ngebrashi yobhedu. Emva koko usule isixhobo okanye inxalenye nge-rag ecocekileyo. Ungalibali ukugcina idizili ukuze uyisebenzise kwixesha elizayo, njengoko unokufuna ukususa umhlwa kwakhona kwixesha elizayo. Beka idizili kwingqayi evalwe ngci ukuze igcinwe.
Iviniga yokususa irusi
Iviniga emhlophe iphendula kunye nomhlwa, ukuyinyibilikisa kwindawo yentsimbi okanye isixhobo. Isizathu sokuba iviniga isebenze njenge-rust remover kukuba i-acetic acid kwiviniga isabela kwaye yenze i-iron III acetate, into enyibilikayo emanzini. Oku kuthetha ukuba iviniga inokususa umhlwa emanzini kodwa kungekhona kwizixhobo okanye iinxalenye, ngoko kuya kufuneka uhlambulule okanye usule umhlwa.
Ukusebenzisa i-vinegar rust remover, thambisa nje isixhobo sentsimbi okanye inxalenye kwiviniga emhlophe iiyure ezimbalwa kwaye emva koko uxube intlama enomhlwa. Ukuba umhlwa ubonakala ushushu kwaye awusuki lula, gcoba i-aluminium foil kwiviniga uze uhlambe umhlwa usebenzisa loo nto. Unokususa umhlwa ngokulula ngakumbi ngokusebenzisa ibrashi yentsimbi okanye uboya bentsimbi.
Ndithatha ixesha elingakanani intsimbi kwiviniga ukususa irusi?
Ukuba usebenzisa iviniga yesiqhelo, inkqubo isaza kusebenza kodwa iyakuthatha ixesha elide ukufezekisa iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo-mhlawumbi malunga neeyure ezingama-24. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba emva kwezo yure zingama-24, akusayi kufuneka wenze ukhuhla okuninzi ukususa umhlwa.
Ikalika kunye netyuwa yokususa umhlwa
Xa usebenzisa i-lime kunye ne-rust remover, gcoba indawo egsiweyo ngesisa ngetyuwa kwaye ufefe i-lime phezu kwengubo. Yiyeke ixesha elininzi kangangoko unako, kodwa umthetho jikelele kukuvumela umxube usete ubuncinane iiyure ezi-2 phambi kokuba ucime. Ndincoma ukuxubha umxube nge-lime rind. Ngale ndlela, uya kususa ngokufanelekileyo umhlwa ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo ongakumbi kwintsimbi. Zive ukhululekile ukusebenzisa ilamuni endaweni yekalika.
Isoda yokubhaka irust remover
Isoda yokubhaka yinto ekulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye isebenzayo yokususa umhlwa kwiindawo zentsimbi kunye nezixhobo. Okokuqala, coca kwaye usomise isixhobo okanye inxalenye. Emva koko, yongeza i-soda yokubhaka emanzini kwaye udibanise uze ufezekise i-paste enzima onokuyisasaza phezu kwesinyithi esihlwahlwazayo. Gcoba intlama uze uyibeke phambi kokuba uyikhuhle ngononophelo ngebrashi. Kwiindawo ezincinci, ungasebenzisa ibrashi yamazinyo ukususa intlama. Ekugqibeleni, hlambulula inxalenye okanye isixhobo ngamanzi acocekileyo kwaye wome.
Iitapile kunye nesepha yesitya yokususa umhlwa
Esinye isixhobo sokususa umhlwa sasekhaya sibandakanya ukusebenzisa iitapile kunye nesepha yesitya. Okokuqala, yinqumle iitapile kwisiqingatha kwaye usule isiphelo esisikiweyo sesiqingatha esinye ngesepha yesitya. Emva koko, gcoba esi siqingatha setapile kwintsimbi kwaye uvumele ukuba ihlale iiyure ezimbalwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinyibilikisi zisabela kakuhle kunye neitapile kunye nomhlwa ukususa umhlwa ngokulula, ngoko ke ukuba awunayo isepha yesitya ungasebenzisa isoda yokubhaka kunye namanzi. Xuba isoda kunye namanzi kunye netapile kwaye ulandele inkqubo efanayo njengoko ubuya kwenza ngesepha yesitya ukususa umhlwa kwindawo yentsimbi okanye isixhobo.
I-Oxalic acid yokususa umhlwa
Xa usebenzisa i-oxalic acid rust remover, kufuneka ulumke kwaye uthathe izilumkiso. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuba uneeglavu ezimbini, ezinye iimpahla zokukhusela, kunye nezibuko ezilungile. Ukongeza, musa ukutshaya xa ukufutshane ne-rust remover okanye uphefumlele umsi ovela kwi-asidi.
Isinyathelo sokuqala apha kukuhlamba inxalenye enqabileyo okanye isixhobo ngesisombululo sokucoca, uze uhlambulule kakuhle kwaye uyomise ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko, xuba iitipuni ezintlanu ze-oxalic acid malunga neemililitha ezingama-300 zamanzi afudumeleyo. Xa sele ugqibile, cwilisa inxalenye okanye isixhobo kumxube weasidi malunga nemizuzu engama-20 uze ukhuhle iindawo ezirulileyo ngebrashi yobhedu. Ekugqibeleni, hlambulula isixhobo okanye inxalenye ngamanzi acocekileyo kwaye uvumele ukuba some.
Ijusi yelamuni yokususa umhlwa
Ijusi yelamuni ineasidi kakhulu kwaye isusa umhlwa ngokukhawuleza. Ekuphela kwento ekufuneka uyenzile kukuhlikihla izixhobo zakho ezinomhlwa okanye iinxalenye ezinetyuwa, yongeza ijusi yelamuni ngaphezulu, emva koko uyiyeke ihlale imizuzu embalwa. Musa ukuvumela ijusi yelamuni ihlale kwisixhobo okanye inxalenye ixesha elide okanye iya kuyonakalisa ngakumbi. Le yi-rust inhibitor enkulu yendalo eshiya izixhobo zakho kunye neendawo ezivumba njengeziqhamo ze-citrus. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza ijusi yelamuni isebenze ngakumbi, yongeza nje iviniga kumxube.
Coca-Cola ukususa umhlwa
Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba iCoca-Cola ingasusa umhlwa? Impendulo nguewe, inokwenzeka kuba iCoca-Cola ine-asidi ye-phosphoric. Esi sisithako esiqhelekileyo kwiimveliso ezininzi zokususa umhlwa kuba isusa ngokufanelekileyo irusi.
Kwesi sixhobo sisusa umhlwa sasekhaya, konke okufuneka ukwenze kukucwina isixhobo esinomhlwa okanye inxalenye ye-Coke imizuzu embalwa kwaye ujonge ukujonga ukuba umhlwa uyakhulula kwaye uwe kwintsimbi. I-Coca-Cola ingasetyenziselwa ukususa umhlwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi, kubandakanywa amantongomane, iibholiti, iitheminali zebhetri, kunye nezinto zokusika. Icala elisezantsi kuphela kule ndlela kukuba yinkqubo encangathi, oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ucoce inxalenye yentsimbi okanye isixhobo kakuhle xa sele ugqibile.
Isoda kunye neKetchup yokususa umhlwa
Kwesi sisisusa sokurusa esilula nesifikelelekayo, konke okufuneka ukwenze kukuxuba amanzi kunye nesoda yokuhlamba. Emva koko, fafaza isinyithi esihlwahlwazayo ngamanzi e-soda kwaye uhlambe indawo enomhlwa nge ketchup. Emva koko, vumela i-ketchup kunye nesoda zihlale kwindawo enomhlwa imizuzu eyi-120 uze uhlambulule ngamanzi ukuze ubonise indawo ecocekileyo yesinyithi ngaphantsi.
I-toothpaste yokususa umhlwa
Wonke umntu unentlama yamazinyo ekhaya, ukwenza i-toothpaste rust remover ibe yindlela engabiziyo yokususa umhlwa kwizixhobo okanye kwiindawo. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, faka i-toothpaste kwisiqwenga sendwangu kwaye uhlambe inxalenye okanye isixhobo, ugxininise kwi-rusted patch. Emva koko, shiya intlama kwintsimbi malunga nemizuzu eyi-10 uze uhlambulule. Ukufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo, sebenzisa i-toothpaste emhlophe, kungekhona i-gel eyahlukeneyo.
FAQs
Yintoni umhlwa?
Umhlwa ubhekisa kwiioksidi eziveliswa kumphezulu wesinyithi (kubandakanywa nealloys). Umhlwa wenziwe kukuhlangana kwe-redox phakathi kwesinyithi kunye ne-oxygen, kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo ezivelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zerusi. Umhlwa ubukhulu becala wenziwe nge-ferric oxide hydrate Fe2O3 · nH2O kunye ne-ferric hydroxide (FeO(OH), Fe (OH)3).
I-aluminiyam inokuba yi-oxidized, kodwa ayisoloko ibizwa ngokuba ngumhlwa kuba i-aluminiyam oxidation icotha kakhulu. I-aluminiyam idlula kwinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-passivation, apho ioksijini yenza ifilimu exineneyo ye-aluminiyam oxide kumphezulu. I-iron, kwelinye icala, inokuthi ifakwe i-oxidized ngokupheleleyo ukuba ibe ngumhlwa emva kwexesha elaneleyo phambi kwe-oksijini eyaneleyo kunye namanzi.
Kutheni intsimbi irusa?
Ukurusa lutshintsho lwekhemikhali oluyi-oxidation yesinyithi. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokurusa kuxa iimveliso zentsimbi ziye zavezwa emoyeni ixesha elide, nto leyo enokubangela ukusabela kwe-oxidation phakathi kwentsimbi kunye neoksijini. Enye into eqhelekileyo yokurusa kuxa i-iron ikhukuliseka yioksijini esemanzini ukuze ibe ziioksidi.
Indlela yokususa umhlwa?
Unokusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukuqhushumba okanye ukufunxa umhlwa kumphezulu wesinyithi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, eyona ndlela ilungileyo ihlala isusa umhlwa we-laser, njengoko le ndlela ayikhawulezi kwaye icocekile kuphela, kodwa ikhusela ukonakalisa ngakumbi umphezulu wesinyithi. Emva kokususa i-rust, i-metal surface kufuneka ihlale iphathwa, ifakwe nge-lead layer, kwaye emva koko ipeyintwe okanye ifakwe ezinye izinyithi ezingavuthi lula.
Indlela yokuthintela isinyithi ukuba singagqwali?
Ukugubungela umphezulu wesinyithi kunye noluhlu olukhuselayo yindlela eqhelekileyo kunye nebalulekileyo esetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukugqwala kweemveliso zentsimbi. Ukugcina imiphezulu yentsimbi icocekile kwaye yomile ikwayindlela entle yokuthintela umhlwa. Kakade ke, kukho iindlela zokusebenzisa i-alloys zetsimbi ukutshintsha isakhiwo sangaphakathi sesinyithi kunye nokwandisa ukuxhathisa kwayo.
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