Isiqulatho
intshayelelo
Izigaba ezithathu zokuthutha ngaphezulu kwendlela
Impembelelo yezoQoqosho eNgxamisayo yokuLola eMelika
Ukukhetha iNdlela eNgcono yoThutho lwaKho ngapha kweNdlela
Dibana neZigebenga: Abadlali abaPhambili kwiNdlela yoThutho
isiphelo

intshayelelo

Ngaphezulu kothutho lwendlela yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekhonkco lokubonelela, elibandakanya uthungelwano olunzima lwezigaba, iindlela, kunye nabathwali. Ukuqonda ukuntsonkotha kwayo kubalulekile kumashishini ajonge ukukhulisa amalungiselelo awo kwaye ahambise iimpahla ngokufanelekileyo. Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, siza kuphonononga amanqanaba amathathu othutho lwendlela, sivavanye ifuthe loqoqosho lokuthutha iilori e-United States, sixoxe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo zokuthunyelwa kwakho, kwaye sinazise kubadlali abaphambili kushishino. Ekupheleni kweli nqaku, uya kuba nesiseko esiluqilima sokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye ulungelelanise imisebenzi yakho.

Amanqanaba amaThathu oThutho ngaphezulu kweNdlela

Ngaphezulu kwendlela uthutho lunokwahlulwa lube ngamanqanaba amathathu ahlukeneyo: imayile yokuqala, imayile ephakathi, kunye nemayile yokugqibela. Inqanaba ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iimpahla zifuduswa ngokufanelekileyo ukusuka kwindawo ezisuka kuyo ukuya kwindawo eziya kuyo.

Imayile yokuqala: Ukuhambisa iimpahla zakho kwi-Hub

Imayile yokuqala ibandakanya ukuthutha iimpahla ukusuka kumenzi okanye umboneleli ukuya kwindawo yezothutho yasekhaya okanye yengingqi. Eli nqanaba libalulekile, njengoko libeka ithoni kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthumela ngenqanawa. Ulungiselelo olusebenzayo lweemayile zokuqala luqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zipakishwe ngokufanelekileyo, zilebhile, kwaye zilungele inqanaba elilandelayo lohambo lwazo.

I-Middle Mile: Ukuqhagamshela amaZiko oSasazo kulo lonke ilizwe

Nje ukuba iimpahla zifikelele kwindawo yezothutho, zingena kwinqanaba lemayile ephakathi. Oku kubandakanya ukuhamba kwemithwalo phakathi kwamaziko okusasaza kwilizwe lonke, rhoqo ukugubungela imigama emide. Imayile ephakathi ngokuqhelekileyo iphathwa ziilori ezithatha ixesha elide, ezikwaziyo ukuthutha umthamo omkhulu wempahla ngokufanelekileyo.

Imayile yokugqibela: Ukuhambisa kwiminyango yabaThengi bakho

Inqanaba lokugqibela lokuhamba kweendlela zothutho yimayile yokugqibela, ebandakanya ukuhambisa iimpahla ukusuka kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo ukuya kumthengi wokugqibela. Eli nqanaba linokuba lelona qela licela umngeni kwaye libiza kakhulu, njengoko lihlala libandakanya ukuhamba ngeemeko ezintsonkothileyo zasedolophini kunye nokuhlangabezana nemihla ebekiweyo yokuhanjiswa. Ulungiselelo olusebenzayo lweemayile zokugqibela luyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukwaneliseka kwabathengi kunye nokunyaniseka.

Ngokuqonda imingeni ekhethekileyo kunye namathuba anikezelwa linqanaba ngalinye lezothutho zendlela, amashishini anokuphuhlisa izicwangciso zokwandisa ukubonelela kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi.

Impembelelo yezoQoqosho eNgxamisayo yokuLola eMelika

Ishishini leelori linendima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseUnited States, lithutha amawaka ezigidi zeetoni zempahla yaye liqesha izigidi zabantu. Ukuqonda isikali kunye nokubaluleka kweelori kubalulekile kumashishini axhomekeke kuthutho lwendlela.

Ukuthutha ngamaNani: UThutho, iZithuthi, kunye neeMayile

Ngokutsho koMbutho waseMelika wokuTyala (ATA), iilori zihamba malunga neepesenti ezingama-72.6 zomthwalo welizwe ngobunzima, nto leyo eguqulela kwi-11.46 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zomthwalo ngo-2022 kuphela. Oku kulingana neetoni ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-31 zeempahla ezithuthwa ngeelori suku ngalunye. Ngo-2021, bekukho iilori ezibhalisiweyo eziyi-13.86 yezigidi ezibhalisiweyo kunye nendibaniselwano, emele i-5 pesenti yazo zonke iimoto elizweni. Ezi lori zagubungela i-327.48 yeebhiliyoni zeemayile ngo-2021, kunye neelori ezidibeneyo zibalelwa kwi-195.62 yeebhiliyoni zeemayile.

Ingqesho kuShishino lwezoLimo

Ishishini lelori ngumthombo obalulekileyo wengqesho eUnited States. Ngo-2022, abantu abazizigidi ezisi-8.4 baye baqeshwa kwimisebenzi enxulumene nelori, ngaphandle kwabantu abazisebenzelayo. Eli nani libandakanya abaqhubi beelori abazizigidi ezi-3.54, ukwanda nge-1.5 ekhulwini kunonyaka ophelileyo. La manani agxininisa indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ilori kwimarike yemisebenzi yaseMelika.

Njengoko amashishini ejonga ubunzima bothutho lwendlela, kubalulekile ukuqonda isikali esikhulu kunye nefuthe loqoqosho kushishino lwelori. Ngokuziqonda ezi meko, iinkampani zinokwenza izigqibo ezizizo kwaye ziphuhlise amacebo aphakamisa amandla eli candelo libalulekileyo.

Ukukhetha iNdlela eNgcono yoThutho lwaKho ngapha kweNdlela

Ukukhetha indlela yezothutho eyiyo ibalulekile kumashishini ajonge ukukhulisa isicwangciso-qhinga sokuhamba ngenqanawa. Iimowudi ezine eziphambili - ukulayisha kwilori (TL), ngaphantsi komthwalo welori (LTL), ukulayisha ngokuyinxenye kwilori, kunye nepasile - nganye ineengenelo zayo kunye neengqwalasela.

Umthwalo welori (TL): Xa Umthamo opheleleyo ufuneka

Ukuthunyelwa kweelori kukulungele iinkampani ezinomthamo omkhulu wokuhambisa okanye ukuhanjiswa kwexesha. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-TL kuthatha indawo yonke okanye umda wobunzima betreyila, iqinisekisa ukuba yonke imithwalo ihanjiswa kanye. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokulibaziseka kunye nomonakalo, njengoko kuncinci ukuphathwa kwempahla. Umthwalo welori yeyona nto ixabisa kakhulu xa imithwalo inobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-15,000 yeeponti okanye iqulathe ngaphezulu kweepalethi ezili-10.

Ngaphantsi kweLori (LTL): Ukwabelana ngeNdawo kunye neeNdleko

Ngaphantsi kothutho lwelori luvumela abahambisi abaninzi ukuba babelane ngesithuba kwilori enye, nto leyo eyenze ukuba ibe lukhetho oluneendleko ezifanelekileyo kwiinqanawa ezincinci. Imithwalo ye-LTL isuka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-10,000 yeeponti kwaye inikezela ukuguquguquka okongeziweyo kwiinkampani ezincinci kunye neziphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LTL kunokuba namaxesha amade okuhamba kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu womonakalo ngenxa yokuphatha okwandisiweyo.

Umthwalo welori ngokuyinxenye: uMmandla oMbindi woThutho lweeNqanawa oluPhakathi

Umthwalo welori ngokuyinxenye ngumhlaba ophakathi phakathi kwe-TL kunye ne-LTL, ibonelela ngeenqanawa ezinkulu kune-LTL kodwa ezingadingi trailer yelori epheleleyo. Oku kuthunyelwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-8 ukuya kwi-18 pallets, i-8,000 ukuya kwi-27,500 yeponti, kwaye ithatha ngaphezu kwe-12 yeenyawo ze-linear space kwinqwelwana. Umthwalo welori ngokungaphelelanga ubonelela ngepesenti ephezulu yokuhanjiswa ngexesha kunye nokuphathwa kwempahla encinane xa kuthelekiswa ne-LTL.

Ukuhanjiswa kwePasile: Ukuphatha iiPakethi ezincinci ngokuKhathalela

Ukuthunyelwa kwepasile kulungele kakhulu iipakethe ezingaphantsi kwe-150 yeeponti ezinokuphakanyiswa ngaphandle koncedo. Ngelixa ukuhanjiswa kwepasile kunika uguquko olongezelelekileyo lokucwangcisa ii-pickup, inomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba iipakethi zilahleke okanye zonakaliswe ngenxa yobukhulu bazo. Ukuthunyelwa kweepasile kukwabandakanya iindawo zokukhangela ezongezelelekileyo kunye nokudluliselwa okunokwenzeka, ukuvumela ukulandelwa okukufutshane kodwa okunokubakho kwamaxesha amade okuhamba.

Ngokuqonda iimpawu ezizodwa zendlela nganye yokuthumela, amashishini anokukhetha olona khetho lufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zabo ezithile, izinto ezilungelelanisayo ezifana nobukhulu bokuthunyelwa, ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nemiqobo yebhajethi.

Dibana neZigebenga: Abadlali abaPhambili kwiNdlela yoThutho

Ukuhamba ngembonakalo yomhlaba ngaphaya kothutho lwendlela kubandakanya ukuqonda abathwali abakhulu kwimowudi yokuthumela ngenqanawa. Ngokuziqhelanisa naba badlali baphambili, unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi xa ukhetha umthwali kwiimfuno zeshishini lakho lokuthumela ngenqanawa.

Abathwali beLori abaPhezulu (TL).

Imakethi yomthwalo welori ilawulwa ngabathwali abaninzi abakhulu, nganye inothungelwano olubanzi kunye nobuchule. Abanye abathwali be-TL abaphezulu baquka i-Knight-Swift Transportation, i-JB Hunt, i-Landstar Systems, kunye ne-Schneider. Ezi nkampani zibonelela ngoluhlu lweenkonzo, kubandakanywa ivan eyomileyo, efrijini, kunye ne-flatbed shipping, ukulungiselela amashishini ahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zokuthunyelwa.

UkuKhokela Ngaphantsi kweeNkampani zeLori (LTL).

Imakethi engaphantsi komthwalo welori ikwaphawulwa ngabadlali abambalwa abaphambili, nangona intshukumo yakutsha nje iyaqhubeka kulandela isibhengezo sokutshona nokuvalwa kweYellow Corp. Abanye abathwali be-LTL abahamba phambili baquka iFedEx Freight, iXPO Logistics, kunye ne-Old Dominion. Ezi nkampani zisebenza ngokukhethekileyo ekuhlanganiseni ukuthunyelwa kweenqanawa ezincinci ezivela kubathumeli abaninzi, ukunika izisombululo zeendleko ezisebenzayo kumashishini aneemfuno zokuthumela ngenqanawa.

Ababoneleli abaKhulu bokuThumela iPasela

Ukuhanjiswa kwepasile kulawulwa zizigebenga ezimbalwa zehlabathi, kubandakanya i-UPS, iFedEx, kunye neDHL. Aba bathwali banothungelwano olubanzi kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili obubenza bakwazi ukuphatha umthamo ophezulu weephakheji ezincinci ngokufanelekileyo. Banikezela ngoluhlu lweenkonzo, kubandakanya ukuhanjiswa komhlaba okusemgangathweni, ukhetho olukhawulezayo, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamazwe ngamazwe, okubenza babe lukhetho oludumileyo kumashishini abo bonke ubukhulu.

Ngokuqonda amandla kunye nezinto ezikhethekileyo zaba badlali baphambili kwishishini lezothutho ezindleleni, amashishini anokukhetha eyona nto ifanelekileyo yokuthwala iimfuno zabo zokuthumela ngenqanawa, ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwempahla yabo ngokufanelekileyo kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo.

isiphelo

Ukwazi ukuntsonkotha kwezothutho ezindleleni kubalulekile kumashishini afuna ukukhulisa ulungiselelo lwawo kunye nokufumana ukhuphiswano. Ngokuqonda izigaba zokuthumela ngenqanawa, ukukhetha indlela elungileyo, kunye nokusebenzisana nabathwali abaphambili, iinkampani zinokuhlengahlengisa ikhonkco labo lokubonelela kunye nokuhambisa iimpahla ngokufanelekileyo. Bexhobe ngolwazi lwefuthe loqoqosho lweshishini kunye nabadlali abaphambili, abathathi-zigqibo banokujonga kulo mba ubalulekileyo wolungiselelo lolungiselelo ngokuzithemba. Ekugqibeleni, ukubamba okuqinileyo kothutho lwendlela kwenza ukuba amashishini akhonze ngcono abathengi kwaye azuze impumelelo yexesha elide.