Uyingenisa njani eJapan: Isikhokelo esiSiseko sika-2024

Ukungeniswa kwempahla eJapan baye babonisa ukunyuka okumangalisayo ukusuka kwi-2018 ukuya kwi-2022, nangona idiphu emfutshane ngo-2020 ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwishishini lezempilo lehlabathi. Ukususela kwi-$ 748,488 yezigidi kwi-2018, amanani okungenisa abuyele ngokuphawulekayo, afikelela kwi-897,242 yezigidi zeedola ngo-2022. Oku kwaphawula ukukhula ngokubanzi, okukhokelela ekunyukeni okukhulu kwe-16.6% kwi-2022 xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka odlulileyo.

Ukunyuka okuzinzile okunjalo kuqaqambisa ukwanda olomeleleyo kwecandelo lokungenisa elizweni laseJapan kwaye kugxininisa ukuziqhelanisa okuqinileyo kwelizwe loqoqosho kunye nokwanda kwemfuno phakathi kobume borhwebo lwehlabathi. Ngokuqinisekileyo ezi ziindaba ezimnandi kuye nabani na onomdla wokuqalisa ishishini lokungenisa elizweni eJapan okanye onomdla wokuthumela iimpahla eJapan, kubandakanya nabathengisi be-ecommerce abanqwenela ukuqonda ukuba zingangeniswa njani na iimpahla eJapan ukuze zithengiswe kwi-Intanethi.

Inene, abanini bamashishini bangoku eJapan okanye abathengisi bamanye amazwe abafuna ukohlula imveliso yabo okanye abafuna ukungena kwimarike yaseJapan banokuzuza kwisikhokelo esisisiseko sendlela yokungenisa eJapan. Funda ngakumbi ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngeemfuneko zomthetho eziphambili, amanyathelo abandakanyekayo, kunye nemingeni kunye nezisombululo zokungenisa eJapan.

Isiqulatho
1. Iimfuno zomthetho ezibalulekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa
2. Amanyathelo aphambili okungenisa eJapan
3. Ukoyisa imingeni evela kumazwe angaphandle
4. Ukuvula iiGango eziya eJapan

Iimfuno zomthetho ezibalulekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa

Ubume bomhlaba weemvume ezifunekayo kunye neelayisensi

Inkqubo yokungenisa eJapan igunyazisa ngokuyintloko imvume yokungenisa elizweni, esebenza kuzo zonke iimpahla ezingena elizweni. Ngelixa iimpahla ezininzi zinokungena eJapan ngaphandle kolawulo olungqongqo, iindidi ezithile ezifana namayeza, iimveliso zokutya, kunye nezixhobo zombane zifuna imvume eyongezelelweyo evela kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo, ukongeza kwimvume yokungenisa elizweni eqhelekileyo.

Umzekelo, inkqubo yokungenisa kunye nokuthengisa izixhobo zonyango kunye namayeza ilawulwa nguMphathiswa wezeMpilo, uMsebenzi kunye neNtlalontle (MHLW) eJapan. Kunyanzelekile ukuba umrhwebi abambe a Ilayisenisi yoMnini-mvume wokuThengisa (MAH). okanye uthembele kwii-MAH ezikhoyo ngaphakathi eJapan ukulawula uxanduva lolawulo olufana nokufumana iimvume zokungenisa elizweni kunye nokuthobela imimiselo yoxubo-mayeza.

Ngaphezu koko, kukho amagunya amabini aphambili ahlala ebandakanyeka kulwamkelo lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwezi ndidi zemveliso zahlukeneyo, njengoko kuchaziwe kwiwebhusayithi ye-Japan Customs: uMphathiswa wezoQoqosho, uRhwebo kunye noShishino (METI) okanye uMlawuli Jikelele weCustoms. Ngaphantsi kombutho kunye nolawulo lwe-METI, iJapan External Trade Organisation (JETRO) isebenza njenge umququzeleli worhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. I-JETRO ixhasa abathumeli bangaphandle ngokunika isikhokelo kunye nezibonelelo, inika ulwazi olubalulekileyo kunye nothethwano ukuze kusungulwe ngempumelelo kunye nokulawula ishishini lokungenisa elizweni eJapan.

Ukungeniswa kwemveliso yokutya eJapan kusebenza ngomnye umzekelo ocacileyo, osoloko ufuna isatifikethi sokuvalelwa kunye neelayisensi ezikhethekileyo ezikhutshwe ngamacandelo afanelekileyo. Ngelixa i-MHLW ibonelela nge Isishwankathelo esiquka ulwandlalo olucwangcisiweyo yenkqubo yokungeniswa kwemveliso yokutya exoxa ngoviwo loxwebhu kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba, iJETRO inikezela isikhokhelo se-anecdotal ekusingatheni imiba ethile ngexesha lokungeniswa kwempahla elizweni kunye nokukhutshwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe.

Ngokwenyani, ukuxhobisa ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokungeniswa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle ngempumelelo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle babonisane nabaphathiswa abafanelekileyo ukuze bafumane imvume eyongezelelweyo efunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo eyonganyelwe ziziphathamandla ezinxulumeneyo. I-JETRO okwangoku idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ngezibonelelo ezixabisekileyo, ezifana nesikhokelo jikelele imimiselo yokungenisa imveliso yabathengi kunye neenkqubo ezineenkcukacha zeemveliso ezithile ezifana cosmetics.

Iirhafu kunye nemisebenzi

Iimpahla ezingeniswa eJapan zixhomekeke kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zemisebenzi kunye neerhafu: Umrhumo wempahla, irhafu esetyenziswayo, kunye neerhafu zangaphakathi ezongezelelweyo, ezisebenzayo kwiimveliso ezilawulwa ngakumbi ezifana notywala, icuba, kunye ne-LPG. Inkqubo isebenzisa kuqala ad valorem amazinga kodwa unokusebenzisa amaxabiso athile okanye ahlanganisiweyo kwiimpahla ezithile ezifana neziselo ezinxilisayo okanye iisiriyeli.

Kwangaxeshanye, amanyathelo okwethutyana kunye nezivumelwano ngamazwe ezifana Iimvumelwano zeWorld Trade Organisation (WTO). or Isivumelwano seNtsebenziswano yoQoqosho lwaseJapan-eSingapore (EPA) inokuziguqula ezi ntlawulo zixhasa urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Amazinga akhethwayo nawo anikwa amazwe asaphuhlayo phantsi kwe I-GSP (iNkqubo yokuZikhethwa ngokuBanzi) iskimu, ejolise ekukhuthazeni ukuthengwa kwempahla evela kule mimandla.

Kubalulekile ukuba abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle babhekiselele kwi IiShedyuli zoMrhumo waseJapan ukumisela ulwahlulo olufanelekileyo kunye neerhafu zentlawulo yeempahla zabo. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi Ukuthenga uguqulelo olusemthethweni lweelwimi ezimbini kuzo zombini isiJapan kunye nesiNgesi isikhokelo esibanzi, idwelisa zonke izinto ngokwe INkcazelo yeMpahla eHanyanisiweyo kunye neNkqubo yokuKhowuda (HS), echaza amaxabiso amaxabiso afana Jikelele, WTO, Preferential, kunye neereyithi zeThutyana.

I-Japan Customs nayo isebenzisa i Inkqubo yoLawulo yoHlelo oluPhambili, evumela abarhwebi kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba abafanelekileyo ukuba baqinisekise ukuhlelwa kweentlawulo kunye nomlinganiselo werhafu yempahla ngaphambi kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle banokufumana ulwahlulo olumisiweyo lwamaxabiso olumiselweyo phambi kokubhengezwa kwempahla evela ngaphandle. Nangona oku kunganyanzelekanga kubo bonke abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle, kuluncedo kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukulibaziseka kwemvume njengoko inkqubo iququzelela uqikelelo lweendleko ezichanekileyo kwaye inceda ekucwangciseni amaqhinga okuthengisa ngokubonelela ngolwazi lwakwangoko ngemisebenzi esebenzayo. Abathengi bamazwe angaphandle kufuneka bazalise ifom yesicelo esiyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba baqalise inkqubo yokulawula ukuhlelwa kwangaphambili kunye nemibuzo ezalisekisa iimeko, i-Customs iya kukhupha impendulo esemthethweni, ekufuneka ifakwe kunye nesibhengezo sokungenisa (isinyathelo sesibini kwinkqubo yokungenisa) ukuncedisa kwinkqubo yoviwo lwesithethe.

Amaxwebhu afunekayo

Amaxwebhu abandakanyekayo ekungenisweni eJapan anokwahlulwa abe ngamaqela amabini ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Amaxwebhu anyanzelekileyo

1. Invoyisi: Lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko oluyimfuneko kwirhafu, umzekelo, ii-akhawunti zempahla kunye nezatifikethi ze-inshorensi.
2. IBhili yokuLawula okanye iBhili yendlela yomoya: Iinkcukacha zokuthumela kunye neerekhodi zokulandelela.
3. Uluhlu lokuPakisha: Ngokufana nee-invoyisi, ezichaza imixholo kunye nexabiso lothutho.
4. Isiliphu sentlawulo yoRhafu: ubungqina bentlawulo ukuba ngaba kukho imirhumo yempahla yempahla yendlu.

Amaxwebhu afunekayo ngokwemiqathango (ngokuzithandela).

5. Amaxwebhu okuthotyelwa kwemimiselo: Izatifikethi zokungenisa elizweni, ulwamkelo, kunye namaphepha-mvume afunekayo ngokwemigaqo ethile efana nezo ziyimfuneko ekungenweni kwempahla elawulwayo kubandakanywa. izinto ezinobungozi, izixhobo zonyango, zixhobo zombane, kunye nabanye. Ngokusisiseko, izinto ezinempilo, ukhuseleko, okanye izatifikethi zempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuvunywa ngamaqumrhu afana noMphathiswa wezoQoqosho, uRhwebo kunye noShishino okanye uMlawuli-Jikelele weZinto eZinto eJapan, njengoko kusebenza.
6. Izatifikethi zeMvelaphi: Ifuneka apho ireyithi yeWorld Trade Organisation (WTO) okanye ireyithi yokukhetha iyasebenza.
7. Amaxwebhu anxulumene nerhafu: Isicelo okanye isatifikethi semvume yokungahlawuliswa irhafu siyimfuneko kwimpahla exhomekeke ekukhululweni kwirhafu yosetyenziso lwangaphakathi, inkcazo eneenkcukacha zokucuthwa, okanye ukukhululwa kwirhafu kunye nerhafu kufuneka zibandakanywe nazo. Kwiimpahla ezifuna ukubalwa kwerhafu entsonkothileyo okanye irhafu, kufuneka kungeniswe iSitetimenti sokubala.
8. Amaxwebhu entengiselwano yezemali: Umzekelo, isiliphu sokuqinisekisa irhafu esimisiweyo siyafuneka ukuze kulawulwe ukurhoxiswa.

Amanyathelo aphambili okungenisa eJapan

Eyona njongo iphambili yokungenisa eJapan kukufumana imvume yokungenisa elizweni, esebenza njengesigunyaziso esisemthethweni esivumelayo iimpahla ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ziya kwamkelwa njengezinto zasekhaya. Olu qwalaselo lwenza ukuba bakhululwe kumthumeli. Ngokuqonda le ngcamango ibalulekileyo engqondweni, makhe siphonononge amanyathelo aphambili okungenisa eJapan:

1. Ukulungiselela: Qokelela onke amaxwebhu afunekayo, kubandakanywa ii-invoyisi, izatifikethi zemvelaphi, izatifikethi zokuvunywa kokungenisa elizweni, njl.njl. njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwicandelo elingaphambili ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Xela iimpahla: Gcwalisa kwaye ungenise ifom yesibhengezo sokungeniswa kweli lizwe (Customs Form C No. 5020) kwi-ofisi yempahla ephumayo enegunya phezu kwendawo edityanisiweyo apho iimpahla zigcinwa khona. Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga neempahla kunye namaxwebhu ayimfuneko kufuneka zibandakanywe ngokufanelekileyo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba abarhwebi abathenga kumazwe angaphandle badibane nabezo mpahla ukuze bafumane izibhengezo ezingaphandle kweeyure eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nezicelo zemvume yokungenisa elizweni kunye neenkqubo zokubhengeza, abarhwebi bamazwe angaphandle bayakhuthazwa ukuba babonisane ne-ofisi efanelekileyo yempahla okanye umcebisi wengingqi.
3. Ngenisa amaxwebhu afunekayo: Nika ifom yesibhengezo esigcwalisiweyo kunye namaxwebhu akhaphayo kwi-ofisi yokuthenga impahla ngexesha leeyure zomsebenzi.
4. Ukuhlolwa kunye nokuvunywa kweCustoms: I-ofisi ye-customs kufuneka iphonononge amaxwebhu angenisiweyo kwaye iqhube naluphi na uhlolo oluyimfuneko ngaphambi kokuvunyelwa ukuba iqhubele phambili kwisinyathelo esilandelayo.

5. Intlawulo yemisebenzi kunye neerhafu: Hlawula imirhumo esebenzayo kunye nerhafu yerhafu, eyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubume beempahla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.
6. Ukukhutshwa kweMvume yoNgeniso kweli lizwe: Emva kokuqinisekiswa kwamaxwebhu kunye nokuhlolwa okuyimpumelelo (ukuba kukho), emva kokuba irhafu ihlawulwe, iofisi ye-custos iya kukhupha imvume yokungenisa elizweni, igunyazisa ngokusemthethweni iimpahla zokusasazwa ekhaya.
7. Khuphela umthumeli: Nje ukuba iphepha-mvume lokungenisa elizweni likhutshiwe, iimpahla ziyacocwa kwindawo edityaniswe nempahla engena kweli lizwe kwaye zikhutshelwe umthumeli.

Ukoyisa imingeni yokungenisa elizweni

Inyani yokuba iJapan Customs isebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo yolawulo engqongqo enemigangatho ephezulu inika imingeni yayo. Nangona kunjalo, le mingeni ayinakoyiswa, ngakumbi kwabo bakholelwa ukuba ukubandakanyeka kwishishini eJapan kunika amathuba awodwa kwaye bazibophelele ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwimarike yaseJapan eguqukayo.

1. Imiqobo yolwimi: Nangona iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeSiko laseJapan ibonelela ngokumbalwa Iifom zesiNgesi, imfuneko yokuba amanye amaxwebhu kunye neefayili zokulawula zingeniswe ngesiJapan zinemingeni ebalulekileyo, ngokukodwa ukungabikho kweefom eziphambili ezifana neFomu yokuBhengeza i-Import (iFomu yeCustoms C No. 5020) ngesiNgesi kwiiplatifti ezisemthethweni. Kangangokuba, ukusebenza kunye neengcali zalapha ekhaya ezithetha iilwimi ezimbini ngenkqubo yokungenisa elizweni kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungeniswa okuthobelayo kunye nokuququzelela unxibelelwano olusebenzayo noogunyaziwe bengingqi kunye namaqabane. Ngothethathethwano olunjalo, le ndlela ikwanceda ekuqondeni nasekuziqhelaniseni nezenzo zoshishino zaseJapan.

2. Ukuhamba ukuntsonkotha kolawulo: Indawo yolawulo yaseJapan iphawulwa ngemigangatho engqongqo neyodwa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle bahlala bejongana nemingeni kunye nemimiselo emininzi, kubandakanywa iimfuno zomthetho ezongezelelweyo ngaphaya kwemithetho yezithethe zokufumana imvume kunye neemvume. Ukukhutshwa kweelayisenisi ezithile kuShishino oluthile olulawulwa yimibutho ekhethiweyo nako kunokwenza kube nzima ukungena kwimarike. Ukuqeshwa kweengcali zolawulo lwasekhaya okanye abacebisi banokunika isikhokelo esiyimfuneko malunga nokuthotyelwa kunye nokwenza lula inkqubo yokungenisa elizweni. Ukugcina umrhwebi wempahla ethengiswayo kunokuba luncedo ekuphatheni amaphepha abanzi kunye nokujonga indawo yolawulo ngokufanelekileyo.

3. Ulawulo lweendleko: Nangona kunjalo amaxabiso aphantsi ngokwentelekiso, kukho imiqobo engeyiyo irhafu enokuthi inyuse kakhulu ixabiso lokungenisa eJapan. Oku kubandakanya imfuno yohlengahlengiso lwemveliso ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho eyodwa yaseJapan kunye nemfuneko yamava abonisiwe asekuhlaleni, anokuthi afune utyalo-mali olukhulu lokuqala. Ukuze kuthotywe ezo ndleko zinxulumeneyo, abarhwebi basenokusebenzisa izivumelwano zorhwebo kwiirhafu ezikhethekileyo baze baphonononge iinkqubo zoncedo ezixhaswa ngurhulumente. Ukuseka ubambiswano lwasekhaya kunye nothungelwano phakathi kwezangqa zeshishini zikwayindlela eluncedo yokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuququzelela ukungena kwimarike.

Ukuvula amasango eJapan

Kubalulekile ukuba abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle baqalise ukukhangela izinto ezintsonkothileyo zemarike yokungenisa elizweni yaseJapan ngokuqonda okucacileyo kweemfuneko zomthetho ezibalulekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa. Ubume bomhlaba weemvume ezifunekayo kunye namaphepha-mvume ahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwiimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo okucetywayo, zihlala zixhomekeke kwiimvume ezongezelelweyo ezingaphaya kwemvume eqhelekileyo yokungenisa elizweni. Ngaphaya koko, abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle bajongene nemirhumo yempahla kunye nerhafu yokusetyenziswa, kunye nezinye iirhafu zangaphakathi ezisetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezithile ezifana notywala necuba. Inkqubo yokubhalwa kwamaxwebhu ifuna ukulungiswa ngocoselelo, kubandakanywa namaxwebhu anyanzelekileyo afana nee-invoyisi kunye namaphetshana okuhlawula umrhumo wempahla, kunye namaxwebhu okuzikhethela ukufumana imvume eyongezelelweyo xa kufuneka.

Amanyathelo abandakanyekayo ekungeniseni eJapan ayindlela kwaye afuna ukulungiswa ngenkuthalo. Ukususela ekubhengezweni kweempahla, kulandelwa ukungeniswa kwamaxwebhu afunekayo, isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa. Ukuhlolwa nokuvunywa kwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kukhokelela kumanqanaba abalulekileyo okuhlawula imirhumo kunye nokufumana imvume yokungenisa elizweni eyimfuneko. Ekugqibeleni, ukukhululwa ngempumelelo kweempahla kumthumeli kuphawula ukugqitywa kwenkqubo yokungenisa elizweni. Imiqobo yolwimi yokuhambahamba, iingxaki zolawulo, kunye nolawulo lweendleko zibalulekile ekuvuleni amasango eJapan ngokufanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokungenisa elizweni ihambelana nokuthotyelwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweshishini.

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