Amandla ayinto egcina uluntu lusebenza, kubandakanywa amafutha ezithuthi kunye nempahla, umbane wokuqhuba izibane zethu kunye nobomi bethu bomsebenzi, kunye negesi ukuqhuba amakhitshi ethu. Namhlanje, intlekele yamandla ezayo isoyikisa ngokuthintela kanobom zonke ezo zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ngesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili ukuba abantu kunye namashishini athathe amanyathelo okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okanye ukuguqukela kwimithombo yamandla evuselelekayo kunye neyendawo. Utshintsho ekudalweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwamandla lubalulekile ngoku ukunqanda intlekele kungekuphela nje kwixesha elizayo kodwa kobu busika buka-2022.
Isiqulatho
Yintoni ingxaki yamandla?
Ingaba ingxaki yamandla ibachaphazela njani abantu?
Ingxaki yamandla iwachaphazela njani amashishini?
Iinkqubo ze-PV ezisasazwayo zelanga: Esinye sezisombululo ezilungileyo?
isiphelo
Yintoni ingxaki yamandla?
Amandla abalulekile kuluntu lwanamhlanje, kwaye umhlaba ngoku ujongene nengxaki enkulu yamandla-ixesha lokunqongophala kwamandla kunye nokunyuka kweendleko.
Le ngxaki yamandla iphantsi kwizinto ezininzi, eziquka ukunyamalala kwemithombo yamandla engahlaziyekiyo, efana ne-oyile. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto ikhoyo yimfazwe eqhubekayo phakathi kwe-Euro-yayaya i-Ukraine kunye nomthengisi omkhulu wamandla eYurophu, eRashiya. Le mfazwe ibone iYurophu ibeka inani lezohlwayo zoqoqosho eRashiya, kunye neyokugqibela iphendule ngokusika imigca yamandla, kuquka. gesi kwaye umbane.
Ukunqongophala kwamandla kuthetha ukunyuka kweendleko zomntu ngamnye, apho abaninzi bengayi kuba namandla aneleyo okulawula iimfuno zabo ezisisiseko. Oku kuya kubeka uxinzelelo kubantu noorhulumente ukuba bafumane enye imithombo yamandla, kunye nokwandisa uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho kuqoqosho olusele ludodobala emva kokudodobala koqoqosho. COVID-19 bhubhane.
Ingaba ingxaki yamandla ibachaphazela njani abantu?
Kwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye, kwaye ngakumbi kwabo banengeniso encinci yokulahla, ingxaki yamandla inokuba yintlekele. Amandla, ngakumbi ioyile kunye negesi, kudala ebonelelwa ngesikali esikhulu ukusuka eRussia ukuya eYurophu, kwaye kungathatha iminyaka ukufumana enye imithombo yamandla.
Ngokunqongophala kwamandla esele kuqalisa ukusebenza, amaxabiso ayenyuka kwihlabathi liphela, okuthetha ukuba abantu kufuneka balinganisele indlela abasebenzisa ngayo irhasi, umbane, kunye nepetroli ekhaya. Kwabanye, isenokuba yimeko yokukhetha phakathi kokufudumeza indlu ebusika okanye ukutya. Ukongezelela, ngokunqongophala kwepetroli okuqhubekayo, sinokubona ukubuyela kwimigca emide kwizikhululo zepetroli. Oku kunokuphazamisa amakhonkco obonelelo, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezithuthi kunye namafutha, nto leyo enokuthi ithethe ukunqongophala kokutya okanye okubi ngakumbi.
Apho abantu bazinze khona kuya kuba nefuthe kwindlela abachatshazelwa kakubi ngayo yingxaki yamandla. Abo bakumazwe abandayo abaxhomekeke kakhulu kumandla aseRashiya banokubandezeleka ngakumbi kobu busika. IJamani ngoku ifumana i-35% yegesi yendalo evela eRashiya, kodwa umboneleli werhasi karhulumente waseRashiya, iGazprom, sele sike omnye wemibhobho engundoqo - Nord Stream 1. IFinland, okwangoku, yayinakho konke umbane obonelelwa yiRashiya unqunyulwe iintsuku kuphela emva kokungenisa isicelo sokujoyina i-NATO.
Ingxaki yamandla iwachaphazela njani amashishini?
Amashishini nawo awanakukwazi ukubaleka ingxaki yamandla. Iindawo zokutyela ziya kufuna irhasi ukuze ziqhubeke zipheka; iihotele ziya kufuna umbane negesi ukuze zigcine iindwendwe zazo zifudumele, zondliwa yaye zikhululekile; kunye nemigca yokuhambisa iya kuphazamiseka kakhulu ngenxa yokungabikho kweoli.
Eyona nto imbi kakhulu iya kuba ngamashishini amancinci, njengoko kuya kufuneka bafumane imali eyongezelelweyo yokuhlawula amandla afunwa kakhulu, kunye nokujongana nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye neendleko zokurenta eziza kunye nokuhla koqoqosho. Oku akunakuphepheka, njengoko xa amaxabiso enyuka kakhulu kwindawo enye, imali kufuneka ifunyenwe kwenye indawo, ibangele umphumo we-ripple kwimarike - ukunyuka kwamaxabiso e-UK kulindeleke ukuba kubethe. 20%, kunye nelizwe elilindeleke ukuba namava ukuhla okukhulu kwiminyaka emibini kumvuzo wokwenyani olahlwayo ongahlali phantsi emva kweendleko zezindlu kwiminyaka eyi-100.
Oku kuhla kumvuzo olahlwayo akuyi kuchaphazela abantu ngabanye kuphela. Ngemali encinci yokuchitha, abathengi bayakuyeka ukusoloko besenza amashishini.
Yintoni onokuyenza ukunciphisa impembelelo yengxaki yamandla?
Okuvuyisayo kukuba, asiyiyo yonke intlekele. Oorhulumente bagcwalisa iitanki zabo zokugcina (indawo yokugcina igesi yaseJamani I-84% igcwele kunye neYurophu, iyonke, injalo I-85% igcwele) kunye nokwenza isigqibo iipakethe zoncedo ukunciphisa umthwalo wezoqoqosho kubemi babo. Iimanyano zamazwe, ezifana ne-G7, ziyanyanzelisa iikepusi kumaxabiso amandla kunye ne-oyile yaseRashiya evela kumazwe angaphandle, ngelixa i-European Union ijonge iindlela zoku ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla njengo amaxabiso e-capping kwimithombo yamandla engabizi kakhulu - oko kukuthi inyukliya kunye nahlaziyiweyo.
Zininzi izinto ezinokwenziwa ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu. Abantu ngabanye kunye namashishini amancinci banokujonga ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla abo okanye ukwenza imali ekudaleni awabo amandla ngokuhlaziya. Ukudala unikezelo lwamandla lwasekhaya kunye nokuhlaziywa kuya kuthetha ukwanda kwamandla kumntu kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni - njengoko amandla angaphezulu athengiswa abuyiselwe kwigridi ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuvelisa umbane.
Amandla ahlaziyekayo, afana neenkqubo zelanga ezisasazwayo kunye neefama zomoya, kufuneka kutyalwe imali kuzo ngokukhawuleza. Ukusebenzisa ezi ndlela zokuvelisa umbane kunokunciphisa umthwalo kuqoqosho; ukunceda ukunciphisa ukunqongophala kwamandla kunye nokucima okuya kuba nefuthe kubantu kunye namashishini; ukunceda ukunciphisa ukuthembela eRashiya; kunye nokunceda ukuphelisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ukongeza koku kungentla, amandla ahlaziyekayo anoqoqosho xa sele eqalisile ukusebenza. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kwaye kwinyathelo lokulungiselela iimeko ezifana nale sijongene nayo kulo busika, iinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu sele ziqalise amanyathelo amakhulu okuvuselela amandla. Ezi nkampani ziquka ezithandwayo:
- Motors General: Misela ukufikelela kwi-100% yamandla ahlaziyekayo e-US iminyaka emi-5 ngaphambi kweshedyuli.
- IKEA: Utyalo-mali lwe-6.5bn ngo-2030 kumoya kunye nelanga.
- Uphando: I-100% ngonyaka ukulinganisa amandla avuselelekayo ukususela kwi-2017 kunye nokuhamba ukufezekisa i-24/7 yamandla angenayo i-carbon ngo-2030.
- iapile: Ukufudukela kwi-100% yamandla avuselelekayo kwi-110 yabavelisi babo.
- Wal-Mart: Uzibophelele ekubeni yinkampani ehlaziyayo enikwe amandla yi-100% yamandla avuselelekayo kwimisebenzi yayo ngo-2035.
Olu luhlu luya kukhula kuphela, njengoko ezimbini zesithathu of Fortune 100 iinkampani ubeke iithagethi amandla acocekileyo, kunye isiqingatha kwabo bakwiFortune 500. Ukuthengwa kwamandla acocekileyo kumashishini nako kukwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu, ukunyuka 44% ukusuka kwi-2018 ukuya kwi-2019 kwaye ikhula kuphela ngosongelo lwamandla lwangoku. Le ngxaki yamandla kunye nenyaniso "yemfazwe yamandla" ikhuthaze oorhulumente, iinkampani, kunye nabantu ngabanye ukuba baye kumandla ahlaziyekayo ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili.
Iinkqubo ze-PV ezisasazwayo zelanga: Esinye sezisombululo ezilungileyo?
Iinkqubo ze-solar PV ezisasazwayo ziquka iipaneli zelanga ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezenza umbane, i-inverter, kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane. Ngokudibeneyo, la macandelo adibanisa amandla elanga (umthombo ohlaziyekayo) kwaye aguqulelwe kumbane, onokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwikhaya okanye kwishishini.
Njengoko iinkqubo zePV ezisasazwayo zelanga zivelisa amandla amancinci kunezinye iindlela, njengenyukliya, kwaye azikwazi ukuvelisa umbane xa kungekho ilanga (ebusuku ngokomzekelo), uqikelelo lwangethuba lokuba iinkqubo zePV ziya kuphendula. 10% yombane wehlabathi jikelele oveliswe ngo-2050. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeenkxalabo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye neenzame zokufikelela kwiithagethi eziluhlaza, elo nani lenyuka laya kutsho. 60% ngo-2050. Ngoku, ngengxaki yamandla ngokukhawuleza ithatha indawo ephambili, elo nani linganyuka ngakumbi.
Iinkqubo ze-PV ezisasazwayo zithembisa kwixesha elide, njengoko zisebenzisa amandla omthombo ohlaziyiweyo - ilanga. Zikwalula ukuzifaka kwaye zingabizi kakhulu. Okona kulungileyo, zinokufakwa kuphahla lwezindlu, okuthetha ukuba aziyi kuthatha indawo exabisekileyo efunekayo kwezolimo, uphuhliso, kunye neendawo zendalo ezikhuselweyo.
Ukujongana namaxesha okungabikho kwelanga, iinkqubo zePV ezisasazwayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ecaleni kweenkqubo zokuvelisa umbane, apho iigridi zasekhaya zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa amandla. Le yinto esele ibonwa kumanqanaba abalulekileyo otyalo-mali oluvela kwiinkampani zabucala, abantu ngabanye, kunye noorhulumente ngokufanayo, ngotyalo-mali oluninzi kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ezinokuhlaziywa, kodwa zihlala zibandakanya iinkqubo zePV.
isiphelo
Ingxaki yamandla iya kuchaphazela wonke umntu, ukusuka kumashishini amakhulu aza kubona imigca yokusasaza kwisiphithiphithi kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso amandla afaka uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kubantu abaya kufuneka basebenzise amandla ombane kwaye baqinise amabhanti abo. Ukunqanda nantoni na embi kunale, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sonke sicwangcise ngoku.
Amashishini kunye nabantu ngabanye kufuneka bajonge ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokutshintshela kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo, ezifana nokusebenzisa I-PV yelanga kunye neenkqubo zamandla. Ezi ndlela zingabizi kakhulu, zasekhaya, kwaye zilungele ukuveliswa kwamandla ixesha elide. Ukutshintshela kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo ngoku akuyi kukukhusela kuphela kwintlekele yamandla ebusika, kodwa ukusuka kwelinye eliya kuba libi kakhulu-iziphumo zokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokunyamalala kokugqibela kwemithombo yethu yamandla angahlaziyekiyo.
