Amaxabiso avela kumazwe angaphandle sesinye sezona zixhobo zindala kwingxowa yezixhobo zomkhuseli, ezisetyenziswe kangangeenkulungwane ukukhusela amashishini asekhaya kukhuphiswano olungenabulungisa. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, nangona kunjalo, iirhafu ziye zaba sisixhobo sezoqoqosho kwiimfazwe zorhwebo phakathi kwezizwe ukuze zibangele intlungu kuqoqosho lomnye nomnye. Owona mzekelo uphawulekayo lidabi lomrhumo we-tit-for-tat phakathi kwe-China ne-United States. Kwaye njengoko iChina ingomnye wabathengisi abakhulu e-USA, kunye nempahla yaseTshayina iyonke $ 577.13 billion ngo-2021, iziphumo ziya kuba yingozi kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Kodwa yintoni eyabangela le ngxabano yorhwebo? Iya kuba yintoni impembelelo kuqoqosho lwase-US? Kwaye abathengisi kunye nabathengisi banokulawula njani iindleko ezinxulumene nerhafu kwimisebenzi yabo yeshishini? Ewe, lixesha lokuba uthathe ikofu kwaye ufunde le bhlog ukuze ufumane uphononongo olubanzi lwemfazwe yangoku yorhwebo phakathi kwe-USA ne China.
Isiqulatho
Yintoni "iMirhumo yaseTshayina"?
Lithini ifuthe leeRhafu zaseTshayina kuqoqosho lwase-US?
Lithini ifuthe leeRhafu zaseTshayina kumashishini ase-US?
Urhwebo lwasimahla lungundoqo kwimpumelelo enkulu
Yintoni "iMirhumo yaseTshayina"?
Izandulela zemfazwe yorhwebo
Amadangatye okuqala emfazwe yorhwebo phakathi kweTshayina ne-United States yavutha xa ulawulo lukaTrump lwaqalisa Icandelo 301 uphando kwizenzo zorhwebo ezingalunganga zaseTshayina. Ingxelo yokuhlolwa kwesiphumo, eyenziwe nguMmeli woRhwebo wase-United States (I-VAT), igqibe kwelokuba i-China isebenzisa uluhlu lwezixhobo zokufumana itekhnoloji ebuthathaka yase-US ngokugqithiselwa kwetekhnoloji ngenkani, ubusela bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, kunye nezithintelo zocalucalulo lwelayisenisi.
NgoMatshi ka-2018, ulawulo lukaMongameli uTrump lunyanzelise ngaphezulu kweebhiliyoni ezingama-50 zeerhafu kwiimpahla zaseTshayina. I-China yaphendula ngesenzo sayo sokuziphindezela ngokuchasene ne-US, ibeka imirhumo kwiibhiliyoni zeedola ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kweMelika. Iintlawulo zokuziphindezela zakhokelela kumlo osemva naphambili phakathi kwamazwe amabini, echaphazela kakubi abathengi base-US kunye namashishini.
Ukungeniswa ngaphandle kweTshayina
Iintlawulo ezicetywayo zipapashwe phantsi koluhlu lwe-4 kwaye zigxininise kwizinto ezithathwa njengenkxaso-mali engafanelekanga ngurhulumente waseTshayina, kubandakanywa. ma shishini ezifana ne-aerospace, iirobhothi, kunye noomatshini. Uluhlu 1 kwaye 2 zazijoliswe kwiimveliso ezingasebenzisi bathengi ezifana neemveliso zoshishino kunye nezonyango. Babeke imirhumo yama-25% malunga ne-50 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ezithengwa ngaphandle kweTshayina.
Kwaye njengoko iChina yasilela ukwenza iimvumelwano kwiingxoxo zorhwebo, a uluhlu lwesithathu ibeke i-10% yeerhafu kwiimpahla ezongezelelweyo zaseTshayina, ngexabiso elipheleleyo le-200 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Amaxabiso aqala ukusebenza nge-24 kaSeptemba ka-2018 kwaye anyuswe ukuya kwi-25% ngoMeyi ka-2019. Kwaye ngoSeptemba 1 ka-2019, abalawuli base-US babhengeze wesine uluhlu lwamaxabiso ngokuchasene neTshayina. Le sethi yokugqibela yeerhafu kwiimpahla zamaTshayina zahlulwa zaba zizintlu ezimbini: 4A kunye ne-4B. Ukusukela nge-14 kaFebruwari ka-2020, uluhlu lweempahla ze-4A beziphantsi kwe-7.5% yerhafu eyongezelelweyo, kodwa uluhlu lwe-4B aluzange luqalise ukusebenza.
Ulawulo lweBiden lujongana njani neeRhafu zaseTshayina
Xa uJoe Biden wangena esikhundleni ngoJanuwari ka-2021, wafumana ilifa lemfazwe yorhwebo eyayisele iqhubeka. Ulawulo olutsha lwase-US bekulindeleke ukuba lususe imirhumo kwaye lusebenzele kubudlelwane obuvuleleke ngakumbi borhwebo kunye namaqabane abo amakhulu ezizwe ngezizwe, kubandakanya neTshayina. Kodwa ulawulo lukaBiden luhamba kancinci kulo mbandela, kwaye lushiye uninzi lweerhafu zikaTrump endaweni.
Isizathu esisemva kwesi simo sokulumka kunye nokuthandabuza kukusilela kweTshayina ukuhlangabezana ne Izibophelelo zeSigaba sokuQala, eyaqala ukusebenza ngoFebruwari 2020 kwaye yenziwa njengenxalenye ye-US-China yengxoxo yezoqoqosho ebanzi. Ukutshintshiselana ngokususa iirhafu ezimiselweyo, i-China yayifanele ukwandisa ukuthengwa kwayo kwempahla yase-US kunye nemveliso yezolimo nge-$ 200 yezigidigidi.
Nangona iinkokeli zoshishino zaseMelika bezicinezela urhulumente wase-US ukuba asuse ezi ntlawulo kwiinyanga ngoku (kwaye zigrogrisa ngokuhambisa imveliso phesheya kolwandle), kubonakala ngathi akunakwenzeka ukuba u-Biden athathe nawaphi na amanyathelo okuzama ukuhlenga oko uTrump akwenzileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku-okanye ukuthoba kakhulu.
Lithini ifuthe leMirhumo yaseTshayina kuQoqosho lwase-US?
Umlinganiselo owabuyisela umva kuqoqosho lwase-US
Ulawulo lukaTrump lujolise ekuphuculeni i-US yorhwebo intsilelo ye-500 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngokutyhala ibhalansi yeakhawunti yayo yangoku ukuya kwintsalela, kodwa eneneni, iye yawela nzulu kwintsilelo. Kwelinye icala, ibhalansi yeakhawunti yaseTshayina yonyuke nge + 0.4% phakathi kuka-2018 kunye no-2020, kunye nekota yokuqala ka-2022 kuphela yabona i-China ibhalisa i-surplus $ 89.5 billion.
Isizathu sokuba ukungalingani kwezorhwebo kwe-China kunye ne-United States kuqhubeke ukukhula kungenxa yokumiselwa kwemirhumo yempindezelo kwiimpahla kunye nempahla yase-US. Oku kuziphindezela kuchaphazele ukukhuphisana nokuthumela ngaphandle kweenkampani zase-US, okukhokelele ekwehleni kokukhula kolungelelwaniso lorhwebo. Ngaphezu koko, imirhumo inefuthe elincinane kwibhalansi yorhwebo; ziyinto enye kuphela kwinxaki entsonkothileyo equka eminye imiba yoqoqosho olukhulu efana nokukhula kwabemi, umgaqo-nkqubo wemali, kunye namazinga otshintshiselwano.
Abathengi ngabo bathwala umthwalo weerhafu
Iintlawulo yirhafu kubathengi njengoko zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izipaji zabo kwaye zikhokelela kumaxabiso aphezulu ngokubanzi. Ngokwephepha elipapashwe yi-Tax Foundation, iirhafu ezibekwe nguMongameli weTrump ziye zalimaza ishishini lezolimo lase-US kwaye zinokunyusa amaxabiso okutya ekuhambeni kwexesha. Amaxabiso okuziphindezela abekwe yi-China anciphise ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso yezolimo e-US ngeebhiliyoni zeerandi ezingama-27, ukuthunyelwa kweembotyi zesoya kumazwe angaphandle kuthathe elona xabiso likhulu nge-71%.
Olu budlelwane besizathu kunye nesiphumo phakathi kweentlawulo kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kuyabonakala; xa amashishini enyanzelwa ukuba ahlawule ngaphezulu kwempahla yawo evela kumazwe angaphandle, agqithisela ezo ndleko kubathengi bokugqibela. Lo ngumzekelo nje omnye wendlela imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo olukhuselayo enokwenzakalisa ngayo uqoqosho. Amaxabiso aphinda akhuphe inkuthazo entsha kwaye akhuthaze iinkampani ukuba zihlale ngaphakathi kwendawo yazo yokuthuthuzela endaweni yokuzinyanzela ukuba zenze iimveliso ezintsha zeemarike ezintsha okanye ziphucule esele zikho.
Iintlawulo ngamanyathelo achasene nenkululeko
Imirhumo kukuguqulwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo lwasimahla. Zithintela ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kweempahla neenkonzo, nto leyo esisiseko sophuhliso loqoqosho lwehlabathi. Zikhokelela ekuhlaziyeni uqoqosho olucothayo nokudala ukungaqiniseki kweemarike zemali zehlabathi. Oku kuya kukhokelela kwinzala ephezulu kwaye kwenza kube nzima kumashishini ukuba atyale imali ekwandiseni okanye aqeshe abantu abaninzi.
Izivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe amabini ziya zisanda
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe amaninzi ebezama ukulungisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga zokurhweba ngehlabathi ngokusebenzisa amazwe amaninzi izivumelwano zorhwebo ezikhethekileyo. Kodwa ezi zivumelwano kunzima ukuthethathethana kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide ukugqitywa. Inkqubo yothethathethwano yenziwe nzima yinto yokuba amazwe ahlukeneyo anemidla eyahlukeneyo kunye nezinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka. Ngaphezu koko, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zinokufuna ukuqinisekiswa yindlu yowiso-mthetho yelizwe ngalinye, nto leyo enokuba yinkqubo ende.
Kwelinye icala, izivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe amabini zinokuqukunjelwa ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi kuba zigxininisa kwizinto ezinomdla neemfuno zamazwe amabini kuphela ngexesha. Ngaphezu koko, bavumela amazwe ukuba akhusele amashishini abo asakhulayo kukhuphiswano lwangaphandle ngelixa bekwazi ukufikelela kwiimarike kunye nemithombo yamazwe angamaqabane. Oku kuvumela amazwe ukuba agxile kumandla awo lo gama ekhusela neminqweno yawo.
Lithini ifuthe leeRhafu zaseTshayina kumashishini ase-US?
Ngubani ohlawula iintlawulo ezimiselweyo?
Imbono ephosakeleyo yokuba i-China ihlawula amaxabiso kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle e-USA iyaqondakala, kodwa ayibonisi ngokuchanekileyo indlela amaxabiso asebenza ngayo ekusebenzeni. Xa inkampani yase-US ingenisa impahla evela e-China, ihlawula irhafu kunye nemisebenzi kurhulumente wase-US kwezo mpahla zisekelwe kwixabiso lazo, kwaye uninzi lwazo. amaxabiso ezinto Emva koko zigqithiselwa kumthengi ngamaxabiso aphezulu kwiivenkile ezithengisayo kunye nabathengisi be-intanethi njengeAmazon okanye iWalmart.
Ukuqonda ukuba zibalwa njani na iintlawulo ezivela kumazwe angaphandle kunye nefuthe lazo kubathengi bokugqibela, makhe sithathe umzekelo womthengisi woomatshini bezolimo wase-US ongenisa ngaphandle iitrektara ezinamavili amabini ukusuka e-China. Makhe sicinge ukuba lo mthengisi uthenge iitrektara ezingama-50 nge-$3,000 inye kumenzi waseTshayina. Emva kokufaka i-25% yerhafu yokungenisa elizweni kule ntengiselwano, umthengisi uya kuhlawula i-$3,750 ngetrektara nganye endaweni ye-$3,000. I-$750 eyongezelelweyo ihlawulwa njengemisebenzi yokungenisa elizweni kurhulumente wase-US.
Amashishini azilawula njani iindleko zerhafu?
Xa ujongene neendleko zeerhafu, ukuzidlulisela kubathengi akukuphela kwendlela. Amashishini anokunciphisa imingcipheko yoluhlu lwamaxabiso esebenzisa obu buchule bulandelayo:
Ukusondela
Amashishini ase-US anokunciphisa iimpembelelo zawo zerhafu ngokufudusela imveliso kumazwe angekho phantsi kwezenzo zomrhumo zase-US ezifana ne-Indiya, iVietnam, neMalaysia. Ngelixa la mazwe esenokungabi nalo inqanaba lolawulo lomgangatho ofanayo nelinikezelwa ziifektri zaseTshayina, iimveliso zawo zisenokubonakalisa ukhuphiswano kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi.
Ukwamkela iindleko
Amashishini athile azama ukufumana indlela yokufumana iindleko ezongezelelweyo kwaye agcine iimveliso zawo zifikeleleka kubathengi. Oku kunokuba lula njengokutshintsha izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa okanye kunzima njengokuyila kwakhona umgca wemveliso yonke. Umzekelo, ukutshintsha ukusuka kwiplastiki yokwenziwa ukuya kwiplastiki ebolisiweyo eyenziwe ekhaya.
Urhwebo lwasimahla lungundoqo kwimpumelelo enkulu
Ngelixa iintlawulo zinokubonakala njengendlela esebenzayo yokukhusela amacandelo asekuhlaleni kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yezopolitiko kumaqabane arhwebayo, ziphela zilimaza abathengi abafumana umvuzo ophantsi ngokunyusa amaxabiso kwiimpahla kunye neenkonzo ezininzi zemihla ngemihla. Ukukhuselwa korhwebo kuya kukhokelela kuphela kwiindleko eziphezulu kubathengi, ukunciphisa ukhuphiswano kumashishini asekhaya, ukunciphisa ukufikelela kwiimarike zangaphandle, kunye nokukhula okuphantsi koqoqosho.
Lixesha lokuba amazwe ehlabathi amkele ukurhweba ngokukhululekileyo kunye nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi ukuze kudaleke uqoqosho lwehlabathi oludityanisiweyo, oluya kuthi lukhokelele kwimpumelelo enkulu kubo bonke abantu. Hlala usesikhathini ngeendaba zamva nje malunga nokuhanjiswa kwehlabathi kunye norhwebo ngokundwendwela Cooig.com's iziko lebhlog!
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