Ukusukela oko i-injini yokuqala yokutsha yaqhutywa yi-hydrogen kwiminyaka engama-200 eyadlulayo, itekhnoloji ye-hydrogen iye yatsala umdla wabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Injongo yetekhnoloji ye-hydrogen kukudala nokusebenzisa i-hydrogen njengomthombo wamandla ococekileyo nohlaziyekayo ongasetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iimoto, amakhaya, kunye nezinye iinjongo zorhwebo ezahlukeneyo.
IHydrojeni yohlukile kubuchule bayo bokuba sisibaso esikhaphukhaphu kunye nesixineneyo samandla esingakhuphi ngokuthe ngqo kungcoliseko olufana neegesi zegreenhouse. Ibalulekile kuba ilindeleke ukuba yenze ihlabathi lingaxhomekeki kangako kumafutha ezilwanyana nezityalo zefosili kwaye yehlise ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ngaxeshanye.
Kungekudala, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ihydrogen iya kwenziwa ngemithombo eyahlukahlukeneyo yamandla, igcinwe, ifuduselwe apho ifuneka khona, ize ke iguqulwe ibe bubushushu nombane, nto leyo eyenza ibe ngowona mthombo wamandla ehlabathini.
Isiqulatho
Imeko yangoku yeteknoloji yamandla e-hydrogen
Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje lwetekhnoloji kumandla e-hydrogen
Ikamva leteknoloji yamandla e-hydrogen
Amandla e-Hydrogen: amandla kunye nemingeni
Imeko yangoku yeteknoloji yamandla e-hydrogen
IHydrogen sisithuthi samandla esisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo esinokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nezothutho, iikhemikhali, isinyithi, izakhiwo kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla. La macandelo ngaphambili bekukholelwa ukuba anzima malunga nokunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo.
I-Arhente yezaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IEA) uthi ukuba i-hydrogen isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimichiza kunye namashishini epetrochemical. Umzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukucokisa ioli kunye nokwenza iammonia kunye nemethanol. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwesinyithi kunye nokuveliswa kokutya. Enye IEA umbiko ithi i-hydrogen ikwasetyenziswa njengesibaso ekuphononongeni esibhakabhakeni nanjenge-oxygen scavenger kunyango lobushushu lwesinyithi.
Nazi ezinye iimeko zokusebenzisa amandla e-hydrogen ambalwa ngoku akwimveliso yobuninzi okanye enza inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo okanye impumelelo.
- Ulungiselelo lweWarehouse: Iiseli zepetroli yehydrogen inokwenza iilori ezicocekileyo, iiforklift, iijacks zepallet, kunye nezinye iimoto zasefektri zangaphakathi ezifuna ukufakwa kwe-refueling okukhawulezayo kunye nexesha elide lokubaleka.
- Ikhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi: Amandla e-Hydrogen anokunika iilori ezimgama omde kunye nezithuthi zokuhambisa zendawo uluhlu kunye namandla afunekayo ngelixa zinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nongcoliseko lwengxolo.
- Imveliso yeglasi: IHydrojeni isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa imathiriyeli ekrwada njengesanti yesilica kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ithatha indawo yerhasi yendalo kunye nokwehlisa ukukhutshwa kweCO2.
- Imveliso yombane: IHydrojeni isetyenziswa “njengerhasi yokuthwala” ukubeka izaleko ezibhityileyo zemathiriyeli kwii-silicon wafers, evumela ukwenziwa kweeseli zelanga kunye ne-microchips.
Ii-electrolys zizixhobo ezisebenzisa umbane ukwahlula amanzi abe yihydrogen neoksijini. Ezi zixhobo zinokubonelela ngokuguquguquka kwecala lemarike, njengoko zinokuvelisa i-hydrogen xa kukho ukufumaneka okugqithisileyo kombane ohlaziyekayo kwaye zisebenzise i-hydrogen ukuvelisa umbane xa kukho ukunqongophala kombane ohlaziyekayo. Ii-electrolysers zinokuvelisa ioksijini njengemveliso ephumayo. Ingasetyenziselwa izicelo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino okanye ithengiswe kwimarike.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, ihydrogen inokwenziwa ngamafutha amaninzi ahlukeneyo kwaye kulula ukuyihambisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Inokuguqulwa ibe ngumbane. Kodwa okwangoku ihydrogen iveliswa ikakhulu kumafutha efosili. Ke ngoko, ukukhutshwa kweCO2 kwizicelo zangoku zamandla e-hydrogen iakhawunti ngaphezulu kwe-900 yeetoni zeemetric ngonyaka.
IHydrojeni ngumthombo wamandla acocekileyo ukuba yenziwe kwimithombo enekhabhoni ephantsi njengamandla ahlaziyekayo, amandla enyukliya, okanye amafutha efosili anokubanjwa kunye nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni (CCS). Indlela yodwa yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kukutshintshela kwindlela yokuvelisa i-hydrogen ecocekileyo.
namhlanje, utyalo kwiteknoloji ye-hydrogen kunye norhulumente inkxaso ziyenyuka. Ngaphezulu kwamazwe angama-30 aneendlela ze-hydrogen, kwaye iiprojekthi ezinkulu ze-hydrogen ezingama-228 ziye zabhengezwa kulo lonke ikhonkco lexabiso, elifikelela kwi-300 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwinkcitho ngo-2030.
Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje lwetekhnoloji kumandla e-hydrogen
Iimpumelelo ezininzi zamva nje kunye nezinto ezintsha ezinxulumene netekhnoloji yamandla e-hydrogen. Ezona zibalaseleyo ziquka:
- ISebe lezaMandla lase-US (i-DOE) ligxile ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji enokuvelisa i-hydrogen kwi-US $ 2 ngekhilogram ngo-2025 kunye ne-US $ 1 ngekhilogram ngo-2030 nge-net-zero-carbon. indlela.
- Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseCalgary's Schulich School of Engineering baye baphuhlisa uhlobo olutsha lwe-fuel cell enokusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo i-methane okanye ezinye izibaso ze-hydrocarbon ukuvelisa umbane ngokufanelekileyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Obu buchwephesha bokuvelisa amandla e-hydrogen buphelisa imfuno yeendleko kunye neenkqubo zohlaziyo oluntsonkothileyo.
- Ihydrogen eluhlaza gu qulelo ikhawulezisa umbulelo kubuchwephesha obutsha obufana ne-electrolysis, iiseli zamafutha, ugcino lwehydrogen, kunye nokudibanisa ihydrogen. Ihydrogen eluhlaza yihydrogen eveliswa kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, njengomoya kunye nelanga.
- IYunivesithi yaseWaterloo inakho ngophuhliso uhlobo olutsha lwe-fuel cell enokuhlala ixesha eliphindwe kalishumi kunelikhoyo. I-fuel cell isebenzisa umaleko obhityileyo weplatinam kunye nekhabhoni ukunciphisa ukuwohloka kunye nokwandisa ukuqina. Olu tshintsho lunamandla okunciphisa iindleko zezithuthi ze-hydrogen fuel cell (FCVs) kwaye zibenze bakhuphisane ngakumbi nezithuthi zemveli.
Ikamva leteknoloji yamandla e-hydrogen
Isantya sobuchwephesha bamandla e-hydrogen njengowona mthombo wamandla othembekileyo kwixesha elizayo awunakuyekwa. Inokudlala indima ephambili amandla ahlanzekileyo iinguqu ngokubonelela ngomthombo wamandla oguquguqukayo, onekhabhoni ephantsi kumacandelo awohlukeneyo.
Itekhnoloji yamandla e-Hydrogen inokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwenza nokusebenzisa umbane kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo kwizinga elikhulu ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Kodwa ukwandisa imveliso, iziseko zophuhliso, urhwebo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen kuza nemingeni ethile.
Amandla e-Hydrogen: amandla kunye nemingeni
Iindleko eziphezulu zokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-hydrogen, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngomnye wemingeni yetekhnoloji yamandla e-hydrogen. Omnye umngeni kukutsala utyalo-mali olungakumbi kwiiprojekthi ze-hydrogen kunye nokwandisa ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo kumakhonkco exabiso le-hydrogen.
Ezi ngxaki zinokusonjululwa ngokwenza uphando kunye nophuhliso lube ngcono, ukuthoba iindleko zenkunzi, kunye nokwenza i-hydrogen ixabiseke ngakumbi. Kufuneka kwakhona siphuhlise imigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo kunye nemimiselo, kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwabadlali abahlukeneyo.
Ngokoyisa le mingeni, itekhnoloji yamandla e-hydrogen inokudlala indima ephambili kutshintsho lwamandla acocekileyo kwaye ibe negalelo kwiinjongo zemozulu yehlabathi, ekhokelela “kuQoqosho lweHydrogen.”
