Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla ehlabathi, amandla ahlaziyekayo abe ngundoqo kuphuhliso lwamandla kwixesha elizayo. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion, njengemithombo yebhetri yesibini, iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza ukususela kwi-1990s. Izibonelelo zabo zokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, ubomi bomjikelo omde, kunye nobuhlobo bendalo ziye zabonwa zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimoto zamandla amatsha, iimveliso zombane, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla. Ukongeza, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziye zaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sophando kwishishini lamandla avuselelekayo, kunceda ukunyusa ukunyuka kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla ekhaya. Ukusekwa kwezi ntlobo zenkqubo kuye kwaphucula uzinzo lweenkqubo zamandla kwakunye nokugcinwa kweendleko.
Apha, siza kuphinda sijonge kumacala aphezulu kunye nasezantsi okusebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zokugcina amandla kwindawo yokuhlala, kubandakanya ukusebenza kwebhetri, iindleko, ukhuseleko, kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo.
Isiqulatho
Isakhiwo sebhetri yeLithium-ion
Uphuhliso lwebhetri yeLithium-ion yokugcina ikhaya
Iingxaki kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion zasekhaya
Uphando oluqhubekayo lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion
Amathemba emarike yebhetri ye-lithium-ion yasekhaya
Inkuthazo kubanikazi bezindlu ukuba basebenzise iibhetri ze-lithium-ion
Ezinye iingcebiso zokuthenga iibhetri
Isakhiwo sebhetri yeLithium-ion
Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion luhlobo lwebhetri yesibini (ibhetri etshajwayo) eyona nto ixhomekeke kwii-ion ze-lithium ezihamba phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo kunye nezibi. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion ngokubanzi zenziwe ngeeseli, ifuse (okanye iPTC), iibhodi zokukhusela, amaqokobhe kunye nezinye izincedisi. Ibhodi yokukhusela iquka iitshiphusi zokukhusela, iityhubhu zeMOS, i-resistors, i-capacitors, kunye neebhodi ze-PCB. Iseli, okwangoku, ibhekisela kwiseli enye ye-electrochemical equlethe i-electrodes ephilileyo kunye ne-negative, i-electrolytes, i-diaphragm, njalo njalo. Izinto ezisebenzayo ezisetyenziselwa ukudala i-electrodes echanekileyo ngokubanzi i-lithium manganate, i-lithium cobalt, i-lithium nickel cobalt manganate, okanye i-lithium iron phosphate. I-graphite, okanye i-carbon ene-graphite structure efanayo, isetyenziselwa i-electrode engalunganga. I-electrolyte ephilayo yi-carbonate solvent echithwe kwi-lithium hexafluorophosphate; iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ze-polymer zisebenzisa i-electrolyte efana ne-gel.
Iibhayisekile zombane ziqhele ukusebenzisa i-lithium nickel cobalt manganate (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-ternary) kunye nexabiso elincinci le-lithium manganate. I-diaphragm yifilimu ye-polymer emile kunye nesakhiwo se-microporous esivumela i-lithium ion ukuba idlule ngokukhululekile kodwa ivimbela ii-electron. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zenziwe nge-polyethylene (PE), i-polypropylene (PP), okanye ifilimu yayo edibeneyo, i-PP / PE / PP i-diaphragm emithathu. Iqokobhe lebhetri lihlala lenziwe ngeqokobhe lentsimbi, iqokobhe le-aluminium, iqokobhe lensimbi ye-nickel-plated, ifilimu ye-aluminium-plastiki, njl.
Uphuhliso lwebhetri yeLithium-ion yokugcina ikhaya
Itekhnoloji yemveliso
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nophuhliso oluthe chu kunye nokuvuthwa kwe-lithium-ion iteknoloji yebhetri, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zasekhaya zenze inkqubela phambili yobugcisa ngokumalunga nomthamo, ukhuseleko, ubomi bomjikelezo, njalo njalo. Okwangoku, ubuninzi bamandla eebhetri ze-lithium-ion zasekhaya eziqhelekileyo yi-200-300Wh / kg, kwaye ezinye iimveliso eziphezulu zide zidlule i-350Wh / kg. Ukongezelela, ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yokulawula ibhetri (BMS) iteknoloji ithetha ukuba ukhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion luphucula.
Isikali semarike
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubungakanani bemalike yebhetri ye-lithium-ion bubonisa ukunyuka okukhawulezileyo, kunye nemarike yebhetri ye-lithium-ion yasekhaya ikhula ukusuka kwi-US $ 1 yebhiliyoni ngo-2010 ukuya kwi-US $ 10 yebhiliyoni ngo-2020. Okwangoku, imarike yebhetri ye-lithium-ion igxininisekile e-China, eJapan, naseMzantsi Korea, ngokweengxelo ezifanelekileyo, kunye ne-Asia-Pacific yesabelo se-akhawunti ye-70 yemarike yehlabathi. Okwangoku, ummandla waseYurophu ubala kuphela i-10-15% yemarike yehlabathi, ebonisa ukuba imarike yaseYurophu inamandla amakhulu ophuhliso.
Ukunciphisa iindleko
Ukunciphisa iindleko zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion kubandakanya iinkalo ezininzi, kwaye abavelisi baqhubeka bephucula ukusebenza kwebhetri kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zebhetri ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji, ukuphuculwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso. Kwixesha elizayo, ngophando olunzulu kunye nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe, iindleko zokuvelisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion nazo ziya kunciphisa ngakumbi.
Iingxaki kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion zasekhaya
ixabiso
Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kweteknoloji yebhetri ye-lithium-ion, iindleko zokuvelisa ziye zahla ngonyaka. Kodwa ngenxa yokungalingani kokusasazwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukuguquguquka kwexabiso kunokubaluleka, okwenza iindleko zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion zibe phezulu kuneebhetri zendabuko, ezithintela ukukhuphisana kwayo kwizicelo ezinkulu.
ukuhlala ixesha elide
Ubomi beebhetri ze-lithium-ion bunqunywe yinani lemijikelezo, intlawulo kunye nesantya sokukhutshwa, ukushisa kunye nezinye izinto. Njengoko inani leebhetri lisanda, umthamo webhetri kunye nokuphuma kwamandla kunokwehla.
Imiba yendalo esingqongileyo
Ngelixa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zokusetyenziswa kwekhaya zibonelela ngezinto ezininzi eziluncedo, nazo ziza neengxaki ezithile zokusingqongileyo. Kwaye nangona abaninzi abavelisi bebhetri ye-lithium-ion baye bamkela iinkqubo zokuvelisa eziluhlaza, kusekho umngcipheko othile wokusingqongileyo kunyango lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ngokomzekelo, iibhetri ezilahliweyo zinesinyithi esiyingozi esiyingozi, ezithi ukuba aziphathwa kakuhle, zisenokubangela ukungcoliseka komhlaba, imithombo yamanzi kunye nenkqubo yendalo.
Iingozi zokhuseleko
Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezihamba ngeentlawulo ezigqithisileyo kunye nokukhutshwa, ukushisa okuphezulu, i-extrusion, kunye nezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, zinokufumana ukubaleka kwe-thermal, umlilo, kunye nezinye iingozi zokhuseleko. Nangona ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwinkqubo yokulawula ibhetri (BMS) iteknoloji, ukhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion luphuculwe kakhulu; kodwa kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, kusekho iingozi zokhuseleko ezinokwenzeka.
Uphando oluqhubekayo lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion
Njengesixhobo sokugcina amandla esisebenzayo nesihambelana nokusingqongileyo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zifumene ingqwalasela ebanzi kunye nophando kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Uphando lwangoku lujolise ikakhulu ekwandiseni izixhobo, ulwakhiwo, ulawulo lwebhetri, itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ukhuseleko, kunye neminye imiba.
Izinto ezintsha ezintsha
Abaphandi bebephonononga izinto ezintsha ze-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zokuphucula ukuxinana kwamandla, ubomi, kunye nokhuseleko lweebhetri. Umzekelo, izixhobo zesilicon kungekudala zinokuthatha indawo yegraphite yemveli yee-electrode ezingalunganga, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukuxinana kwamandla ebhetri. Ngelo xesha, abaphandi bahlola izinto ezintsha ze-cathode, ezifana nezixhobo ezityebileyo ze-lithium kunye nezixhobo ezityebileyo ze-lithium, ukuphucula ubuninzi bamandla kunye nobomi beebhetri.
Ii-electrolyte eziqinileyo
I-electrolyte eqinile yenye yeetekhnoloji eziphambili kwiibhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-electrolyte engamanzi esetyenziswa kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion zemveli, ii-electrolyte eziqinileyo zinokhuseleko oluphezulu kunye noxinano lwamandla aphezulu. Okwangoku, abaphandi bafunda uphuhliso lwe-electrolyte eqinileyo enexabiso eliphantsi, ephezulu ye-ionic ukuze ithathe indawo ye-electrolyte engamanzi emveli.
Iinkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri
Inkqubo yokulawula ibhetri iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwisantya sokusetyenziswa kwamandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion, ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko. Abaphandi basebenza kwiinkqubo zokulawula ibhetri ezikrelekrele ngakumbi ukufikelela kulawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nolawulo olululo lweebhetri.
Itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza
Itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza inokunciphisa ixesha lokutshaja kwebhetri kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle. Abaphandi bafunda itekhnoloji yokutshaja esebenzayo ngakumbi, njengokutshaja kwe-pulse kunye nokutshaja ngaphandle kwamacingo, ukufikelela kwizantya zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokutshaja.
Amathemba emarike yebhetri ye-lithium-ion yasekhaya
Iimfuno zenguqu yamandla: Ngokuqhubela phambili kwenguqu yamandla ehlabathi, imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo efana namandla elanga kunye namandla omoya ngokuthe ngcembe iye yayinto eqhelekileyo. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zasekhaya zinceda ukugcina le mithombo yamandla ephakathi, ivumela amakhaya ukuba afumane amandla okuzimela kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwawo kwimithombo yamandla efosili yemveli.
Ukuduma kwezithuthi zombane: Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwemarike yemoto yombane, inkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion yendlu inokulungiswa ukuze isetyenziswe njengesixhobo esixhasa izithuthi zombane, ukubonelela ngezisombululo zokugcina amandla kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi uluhlu kunye nokusebenza kwazo.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wexabiso lombane we-Peak-valley: Amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla izalisekisa imigaqo-nkqubo yexabiso lombane we-peak-valley ukukhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba bahlawule ngamaxabiso aphantsi kwaye basebenzise umbane ngexesha leeyure eziphakamileyo. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zasekhaya zinokunceda abasebenzisi basebenzise ngokupheleleyo imigaqo-nkqubo yexabiso lombane we-peak-valley ukunciphisa iindleko zamandla.
Unyuso lwenjongo yokungathathi cala kweCarbon: Amazwe emhlabeni jikelele acebise iinjongo zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ukukhuthaza ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo samandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion yasekhaya inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nokunceda umhlaba ufezekise ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Ukuyilwa kwetekhnoloji: Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kuphuhliso lweteknoloji ye-lithium-ion, amandla abo, ukhuseleko, ubomi bomjikelezo, kunye neminye imiba yokusebenza iya kuphuculwa ngakumbi, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana kweemarike.
Inkuthazo kubanikazi bezindlu ukuba basebenzise iibhetri ze-lithium-ion
Japhan
UMphathiswa wezoQoqosho, uRhwebo kunye noShishino lwaseJapan (METI), kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali malunga ne-US $ 98.3 yezigidi, ibonelela ngenkxaso ye-66% kumakhaya kunye namashishini afaka iibhetri ze-lithium elektroniki. Ukuthatha iibhetri zesulfure ye-sodium njengomzekelo, urhulumente waseJapan akanikeli nje kuphela inkxaso yemali yamahhala kuphando lokuqala kunye nophuhliso, ukubonelela ngaphezu kwe-50% yemali, kodwa unikezela ngenkxaso ebandakanya iteknoloji, imarike, iiprojekthi zokubonisa, kunye neminye imiba, kwaye iyaqhubeka inika inkxaso-mali emva kokusebenza kwayo kwezorhwebo.
eunited States
Iikhredithi zerhafu ye-Federal: Urhulumente wase-US unikezela uluhlu lweekhredithi zerhafu ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye neenkqubo zokugcina. Ngokomzekelo, iTyala yeRhafu yoTyalo-mali (i-ITC) kunye neTyala yeRhafu yoMveliso (PTC) ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iindleko zokufumana inkqubo yokugcina amandla ekhaya. Ngeli xesha, amanye amazwe anikezela ngenkuthazo enkulu kunye nenkxaso ukutsala utyalo-mali kwimveliso yebhetri, kubandakanya inkuthazo yemali, inkuthazo yerhafu, kunye namalungelo okusebenzisa umhlaba. Amanye amazwe athoba amatyala ombane ngokuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo “yemitha yemitha” evumela abanini bogcino lwamandla ekhaya ukuba bathengise umbane ogqithileyo welanga ubuyele kwigridi.
Jemani
Phakathi kuka-2013 no-2018, urhulumente waseJamani wanikezela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% yenkxaso-mali yemali-mboleko ethe ngqo yokugcina amandla endlu, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuhambelana ikakhulu ne-photovoltaics yasekhaya, imigaqo-nkqubo ye-photovoltaic yasekhaya yaseJamani ikhuthaze ukufakwa kogcino lwamandla ekhaya.
Ezinye iingcebiso zokuthenga iibhetri
Qonda ukwakheka kweekhemikhali
Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zidla ngokuqulunqwa ngezinto zetsimbi ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, kunye ne-nickel. Ukuqonda umthombo kunye nenkqubo yokutsalwa kwezi zinto kubalulekile ekuhloleni ifuthe lebhetri kokusingqongileyo. Abathengi banokucela ababoneleli ukuba babonelele ngolwazi malunga nemathiriyeli yebhetri, kwaye bazame ukukhetha iimveliso ezivela kwimithombo ezinzileyo esebenzisa iinkqubo zokutsalwa ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, abathengi kufuneka bajonge iibrendi eziqinisekisiweyo zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ezifana nesatifikethi se-RoHS seManyano yaseYurophu kunye nesetifikethi seqonga solawulo lwebhetri yenqwelo yamandla entsha yaseTshayina.
Qwalasela umthamo kunye nokuxinana kwamandla
Abathengi kufuneka baqonde umthamo kunye nokuxinana kwamandla ebhetri ukuze bakhethe ibhetri efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo zesicelo. Ngokubanzi, iibhetri ezinomthamo ophezulu kunye noxinano lwamandla zinokubonelela ngobomi obude bebhetri kwaye zinobunzima obukhaphukhaphu. Nangona kunjalo, abathengi kufuneka baqwalasele izinto ezifana nexesha lokutshaja kunye nexesha lokuphila.
Nika ingqalelo kukhuseleko lwebhetri
Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinokubangela iziganeko zokhuseleko xa zingasetyenziswanga kakuhle okanye zingaphathwa kakuhle. Ke ngoko, abathengi kufuneka bakhethe uphawu lwebhetri olunerekhodi elungileyo lokhuseleko kwaye luvavanywe ngokungqongqo. Ngexesha lothutho kunye nokugcinwa, umthengi kufuneka kwakhona alandele imimiselo yokhuseleko efanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho.
Cinga ngesantya sokutshaja
Isantya sokutshaja kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion nayo yinto ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza inokunciphisa ixesha lokutshaja kwebhetri kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle, kodwa inokuba neempembelelo kubomi bebhetri kunye nokhuseleko. Umthengi kufuneka akhethe isantya esifanelekileyo sokutshaja ngokwemfuno eyiyo.
Qwalasela ubomi bomjikelo
Ubomi bomjikelezo webhetri ye-lithium-ion ibhekisela kwinani lamaxesha angasetyenziselwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokutshaja kunye nokukhupha. Ibhetri enobomi bomjikelezo omde inokubonelela ngenkonzo yexesha elide, okunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kokutshintshwa kunye nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma. Abathengi banokukhetha iibhetri ezinobomi bomjikelo omde ngokweemfuno zangempela zesicelo.
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