Yintoni isiZukulwana esisasazwayo soMbane: Ngaba ngumbono olungileyo?

Ukuveliswa kwamandla ngokwembali kuye kwaphunyezwa kusetyenziswa amaziko amakhulu ombane, anje ngemizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya okanye izikhululo zamandla ezibaswa ngamalahle. Oku kuthetha ubuninzi benkunkuma ngeendlela ezimbini: ukungcolisa inkunkuma evela kwizixhobo zamandla kunye "nokulahleka kwentambo," okanye ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngexesha lokuhamba.

Namhlanje, ukuhambela kumandla ahlaziyekayo ukongeza ukunqongophala kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma kutyhala imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kombane ngeendlela ezintsha. Abaxhasi besizukulwana esisasazwayo bathi oku kunokufezekiswa ngabasebenzisi bokugqibela abavelisa kunye nokugcina amandla kumakhaya abo kwaye bathengise ukugqithisa kwabo kwigridi.

Kodwa yintoni imveliso esasazwayo yombane kwaye inokunceda njani imeko-bume kwihlabathi jikelele? Funda uqhubeke.

Isiqulatho
Yintoni ukuveliswa kombane osasazwayo?
Ziziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa ukuveliswa kwamandla asasazwayo?
Zeziphi izinto ezingalunganga zokusebenzisa ukuveliswa kwamandla asasazwayo?
Zeziphi ezona teknoloji zisetyenziswayo xa kusenziwa umbane?
Isiphelo: Yintoni esasazwa ukuveliswa kombane kwaye inayiphi impembelelo kokusingqongileyo

Yintoni ukuveliswa kombane osasazwayo?

Ukuveliswa kombane osasazwayo kubhekiselele kwimveliso yamandla kwinqanaba lendawo ngabasebenzisi bokugqibela kunye notshintshiselwano lwaloo mbane phakathi komsebenzisi wokugqibela (umvelisi wamandla wendawo) kunye negridi yombane ngamaxesha okunciphisa ukuveliswa kwamandla. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa umsebenzisi wokugqibela evelisa amandla amaninzi kunokuba adla, angayithengisa kwakhona kwigridi. Ngokufanayo, xa bengakwazi ukuvelisa amandla okwaneleyo, ngoko banokuthenga oko balahlekileyo kwigridi.

Umzekelo wokuhanjiswa kwamandla ngale ndlela kuxa imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo yabasebenzisi bokugqibela, efana neepaneli zelanga, inika amandla amaninzi (umzekelo, kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni). Ngeli xesha, umsebenzisi wokugqibela unokugcina amandla abawadingayo kwaye athengise amanye abuyele kwigridi yombane ukuze asasazwe kwenye indawo - isiphumo esihle kakhulu sokusabalalisa. Kwiinyanga zasebusika, okwangoku, xa iiphaneli zelanga zingasavelisi amandla aneleyo kulo msebenzisi mnye wokugqibela, zinokunyusa ngokuthenga ezinye kwigridi.

Ukongeza kwimveliso yamandla asekhaya, inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla esasazwayo iya kwandisa inani lezityalo zamandla, zenze uninzi lwazo kodwa kwinqanaba elincinci kwaye lisondele kubasebenzisi bokugqibela. Oku kusebenza ekudaleni igridi yamandla yasekhaya ngakumbi enokunxibelelana ngokulula nemveliso yamandla yasekhaya.

Ziziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa ukuveliswa kwamandla asasazwayo?

Zininzi iingenelo zokusebenzisa isizukulwana samandla esisasazwayo, kubandakanywa ukuzimela okungaphezulu kwabathengi, ukwanda kotyalo-mali kubuchwephesha bamandla ahlaziyekayo, kunye nenkcitho encinci. Ezinye zezibonelelo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

Amandla ahamba umgama omncinci

Ukuveliswa kombane kwinqanaba lendawo ethe chatha kuthetha ukuba uninzi (okanye wonke) lombane ofunekayo uya kuba sele ukwikhaya lomsebenzisi wokugqibela. Iinzuzo eziphambili zoku ziquka:

– Ukunciphisa ukulahleka komgca, njengoko amandla akayi kufuna ukuhamba kude.

– Ukuncipha kwemfuno kwiziseko ezingundoqo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuvelisa iipylons neentambo zombane, kwakunye nesidingo esincinci seplanti zombane.

- Iindleko ezincinci kubathengi njengoko baya kuba nemithombo yabo yamandla.

Yehlisa umba wokulibaziseka kunye nokucuthwa kwamandla amakhulu

Okwangoku, ukuba igridi iyahla, izigidi zabantu zinokushiywa ngaphandle kwamandla, kodwa ngesizukulwana esasasazwayo sombane, ukucuthwa kwamandla kuya kuchaphazela indawo encinci kuphela. Ukongeza, ukuba I-Photovoltaic (PV solar power) kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa, kukho ukwanda okunokwenzeka ukuba amandla anokubuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza. Olu hlobo lokuveliswa kombane kwigridi yesizwe luya kujongwa ngakumbi kwaye luphandwe.

Inkqubela phambili kubuchwephesha bamandla ahlaziyekayo

Ukuba neeyunithi zokuvelisa amandla ekhaya kuthetha ukufuna ukutsha okuthe kratya kubuchwephesha bamandla acocekileyo. Oku kuya kuthetha ukonyuka kwenkxaso-mali hlaziywa ezifana nelanga, umoya, igesi yendalo evela kumgquba, nokunye. Ukongeza, okukhona umbane uveliswa ekhaya, kokukhona ukuxhomekeka kancinci kwiijenereyitha zamandla ezisembindini, okuthetha ukuba iimoguls zamandla ziya kuguqukela kutyalo-mali kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo ukuze kugcinwe inzuzo.

Yenza amandla ajikelezayo

Apho amandla agqithisileyo anokuthi achithwa ngeemodeli zangaphambili, ukuveliswa kwamandla asasazwa kuthetha ukuba abasebenzisi banokuthenga kwaye bathengise kwigridi kwinqanaba lendawo, oku kuthetha ukuba amandla asasazwa kuluntu jikelele. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezidibeneyo, ezifana nobushushu kunye namandla, kuthetha ukuba amandla amancinci angasetyenziswa ngokudibanisa ukudala isixa esikhulu.

Zeziphi izinto ezingalunganga zokusebenzisa ukuveliswa kwamandla asasazwayo?

Ngaphandle kwazo zonke iingenelo zalo, olu hlobo lokuvelisa umbane lusaphuhliswa kwaye lusenemiba ethile ekufuneka yoyiswe:

Ukusebenza kakuhle

Ayiyiyo yonke imizi ephumeze iyunithi yayo yokuvelisa amandla, okuthetha ukuba kwinqanaba lasekhaya kunokungabikho amandla aneleyo okunciphisa ukuthembela kwigridi yombane okwangoku. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yamandla avuselelekayo inawo hayi ngoku bafikelele kumthamo wabo opheleleyo, nto leyo ebenza ukuba bangasebenzi kakuhle kuneendlela zemveli. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyatshintsha. E-US kuphela, ukufakwa kweepaneli zelanga kwanda ngo 43% ukusukela ngo-2019, ngaphezulu 1 kwi-7 Amakhaya ase-US aqikelele ukuba afake i-solar ngo-2030. Oku kunyuka kutyalo-mali kunye nokuphunyezwa kuya kuqhuba ukukhula okukhulu kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo.

Ukunyuswa kweemfuno zendawo yomhlaba

Nangona ubugcisa obuninzi obusasazwayo bokuvelisa buya kwakhiwa kumakhaya, njengeepaneli zelanga kuphahla, iiinjini zomoya ezincinci egadini, kunye neeseli zamafutha ezibaswa ngerhasi yendalo kwizisele nakwizindlu zangaphandle, kuya kuhlala kukho imfuneko yezixhobo ezinkulu zombane. Ukwenzela ukuba umbane oveliswe kwindawo ethile kangangoko kunokwenzeka, iifama zomoya nezelanga, amaziko ombane aphehlwa ngamanzi, amaziko kamasipala okutshisa inkunkuma eqinileyo, nokunye okuninzi kuya kwakhiwa kufutshane noluntu oluzisebenzisayo.

Oku kuya kuthetha ukwanda kwemfuno yomhlaba kunokuba kwakunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo—nto leyo ethetha ukuba umhlaba ungaphantsi wokulima amahlathi, ukulima nokungaphezulu. Oku kunokuba yingxaki kumazwe anabantu abaninzi, njenge-UK.

Ukumoshwa komoya

Obo buchwephesha besizukulwana esisasazwayo obusebenzisa ukutsha buya kungcolisa umoya, kwaye le nkqubo yosasazo iya kuthetha ukuba bakufutshane neendawo ezihlala abantu. Ukuba iinkqubo aziphunyezwanga ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko, kunokukhokelela kwiingozi zempilo kunye negalelo ekufudumaleni kwehlabathi. Izisombululo zamandla asasazwayo zihlala zishukuma nangona kunjalo ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yendalo esingqongileyo.

Ukonakaliswa kwamanzi

Obunye ubuchwephesha bokuvelisa obusasazwayo busenokufuna amanzi okuvelisa umphunga okanye ukupholiswa, njengoko kunjalo ngokutshiswa kwenkunkuma, ukutsha kwebhayomass, kunye nobushushu obudibeneyo kunye namandla. Oku kuthetha ukuba nangona le nkqubo yamandla isasazwayo iyindlela ekhokelela kuzinzo kunye namandla ohlaza, kusekho isidingo sokusebenzisa amanzi amaninzi-owona mthombo wethu uxabisekileyo.

Zeziphi ezona teknoloji zisetyenziswayo xa kusenziwa umbane?

Ukuveliswa kombane osasazwayo kubanzi ngakumbi kunokusebenzisa nje amalahle, inyukliya, ilanga, igesi nomoya. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla ludibanisa iindidi ezininzi zeejenereyitha zamandla ukujongana nemfuno kunye nejografi yendawo kunye nemozulu. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Iiphaneli zeSolar photovoltaic
• Iiinjini zomoya ezincinci
• Iiseli zamafutha ezibaswa yigesi yendalo
• Iijenereyitha zokuxhasa ixesha likaxakeka
• Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo zokushisa kunye namandla (CHP).
• Umbhobho wamanzi
• Ukutsha kweBiomass/cofiring
• Ukutshiswa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo kamasipala

Isiphelo: Yintoni esasazwa ukuveliswa kombane kwaye inayiphi impembelelo kokusingqongileyo

Emva kokuba uphendule umbuzo othi "yintoni ukuveliswa kombane osasazwayo" kunye nokuba loluphi uhlobo lweempembelelo zokusingqongileyo, zombini ezilungileyo kunye ezimbi - ngaba kufanelekile?

Ukuveliswa kombane osasazwayo yindlela entle yokunciphisa ukuthembela kumbane obekwe kude nomsebenzisi wokugqibela okanye umthengi. Oku kuthetha ukuthotywa kwelahleko yomzila, iindleko zothutho neziseko zophuhliso, kunye nokucima kombane okukhulu.

Ukongeza, olu hlobo lokuvelisa umbane lufaka utyalo-mali kubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlaziyekayo kwaye luthatha ithuba lemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Kukwathetha ukuba amandla alahlekileyo ngaphambili angaphinda athathwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye asetyenziswe.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa kombane osasazwayo kusenayo indawo ekhoyo, kubandakanywa imfuno eyongeziweyo yomhlaba (yokuseka amaziko ombane asekuhlaleni), ukonakala kwamanzi okunokubakho xa esetyenziselwa ukupholisa, kunye nokwanda kongcoliseko lomoya olubekwe kufutshane nemimandla yasezidolophini. Le miba iyasonjululwa kunye nesakhono esingekafezekiswa sezinto ezihlaziywayo, ezifana nelanga.

Ngokunyuka kotyalo-mali ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nokuphunyezwa okuphezulu kweejeneretha zamandla asekhaya, ezifana nomoya, i-solar, kunye neeseli ze-fuel, i-carbon footprint yalo mzekelo wamandla wendawo iya kuncitshiswa.