I-DAP Incoterms: Isikhokelo esiKhawulezayo ofuna ukusazi

Qwalasela inkqubo yokuhambisa ipasile engxamisekileyo, yexabiso eliphezulu kumthengi ngesaziso esifutshane, kunye nemvakalelo yokukhululeka elandelayo xa umthengi eqinisekisa ukuba uyifumene. Amaxesha amaninzi, olu ncedo alubangelwa kuphela kulwaneliseko lokugqiba umsebenzi kodwa nakwisiqinisekiso sokuba ingozi yokulahleka okanye yokonakala kwepasile ngoku idluliselwe kumamkeli.

Ngombulelo, kummandla woShishino-kuya-kwiShishini (B2B) urhwebo lwezorhwebo, ezahlukeneyo  ImiGaqo yoRhwebo yaMazwe ngaMazwe (Incoterms) imithetho ikhona ukunceda ukuchaza nokucacisa xa kwaye njani imingcipheko ye-B2B yentengiselwano idluliselwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye isasazwe phakathi kwabathengisi kunye nabathengi. Imeko echazwe ngaphambili, umzekelo, ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-Delivered At Place (DAP) Incoterm, ebeka imingcipheko encinci kumthengi.

Funda ukuze uqonde inkcazo ye-DAP, imithwalo yeendleko, kunye noxanduva kunye namatyala phakathi komthengisi kunye nomthengi phantsi kwe-Incoterm, kunye nefuthe layo kumalungiselelo okuthumela kunye nendlela abathengi abanokukhetha ngayo le Incoterm ukunciphisa umngcipheko wabo kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Isiqulatho
Ukuqonda DAP Incoterms
Uxanduva oluphambili kunye namatyala phantsi kweDAP Incoterms
Umthwalo weendleko kunye neempembelelo zemali
Ukuqonda komthengi okusebenzayo ukunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle ngeDAP
Ekunene kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo

Ukuqonda DAP Incoterms

Ngokunyanisekileyo kwigama layo, i-DAP Incoterms ibonisa ukuba umthengisi kufuneka ahambise iimpahla kwindawo echongiweyo yomthengi, ngokuphindaphindiweyo indawo yokugcina impahla yomthengi, egubungela zonke iindleko ezinxulumene nokuhanjiswa kunye nemingcipheko ukuya kuthi ga ngelo xesha, kunye nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo emibini kuphela kwindawo yokugqibela eseleyo uxanduva lwabathengi-inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwempahla yokungenisa kunye neenkqubo zokuhanjiswa kwendawo echaziweyo.

Njengomnye wabathengi-friendly kakhulu Incoterms 2020 imithetho isethwe yi I-International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), I-DAP ingasetyenziswa kuzo zonke iindlela zokuthutha, kubandakanywa iimeko apho iindlela ezininzi zibandakanyeka.

Uxanduva oluphambili kunye namatyala phantsi kweDAP Incoterms

Uxanduva lomthengisi kunye namatyala

Njengoko kuchazwe phantsi kwesakhelo se-DAP Incoterms, uxanduva lomthengisi kunye namatyala ahlulahlulwe ngokuyinhloko kwiinkalo ezintathu eziphambili: ukukhutshwa kwamanye amazwe, ukulungiswa kwenqwelo, kunye nokwabiwa kweendleko zohambo lonke ukuya kwindawo egama. Ngokukodwa, ngokunxulumene nenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanye amazwe, umthengisi unoxanduva olupheleleyo lokuphatha yonke inkqubo yokuthumela ngaphandle kunye neyokuthutha, kubandakanywa nemisebenzi yokuqinisekisa ukuba imithwalo ibekwe ngokufanelekileyo kubathengi ukuba bagqibe inkqubo yokukhulula. 

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa umgaqo weDAP ufuna ukuba umthengisi anike umthengi isaziso esaneleyo sesimo sokuhanjiswa kwempahla ngexesha elivunyelweneyo, umthengisi akabophekanga ukuba aqinisekise iimpahla zomthengi phantsi kweli xesha.

Isishwankathelo, umthengisi uthwala yonke imingcipheko yokulahlekelwa okanye umonakalo kwimpahla, kwaye umngcipheko uhlala kumthengisi ukuba iimpahla azikafiki kwindawo ekuvunyelwene ngayo ngokuhambelana nesivumelwano, ngaphandle kweemeko ezithile apho umthengi kufuneka athathe uxanduva lomngcipheko nangona esi sivumelwano. Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga noku zichazwe kwicandelo elilandelayo phantsi koxanduva lomthengi kunye namatyala.

Uxanduva lomthengi kunye namatyala

Ngokuchasene noxanduva lomthengisi, olubandakanya uninzi lohambo, uxanduva lomthengi lujikeleza kwinqanaba lokugqibela lohambo kwaye ugxininise kwinkqubo yokungenisa elizweni, kubandakanya onke amaphepha, imvume yokungenisa impahla, kunye nokulawula imisebenzi yokothula kwindawo yokugqibela.

Eli lungiselelo likwabonisa ukuba yonke imingcipheko kunye namatyala agqithiselwa emva kokuhanjiswa kwempahla, okuthetha ukuba umngcipheko welahleko okanye umonakalo ukhutshelwa umthengi kuphela xa umthengisi ehambisa iimpahla kwindawo echongiweyo yomthengi kwaye ezalisekisa zonke izibophelelo zokuhanjiswa. Umthengisi uthathwa njengoyigqibile imisebenzi yakhe xa umthengi ekwafumana isaziso esaneleyo malunga nexesha lokuhambisa kunye nendawo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kukho iimeko ezizodwa xa imingcipheko yempahla igqithiselwa kumthengi nangaphambi kokuba ifike kwindawo. Umzekelo, oku kwenzeka xa abathengi bengaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo zabo ezinxulumene nokukhutshwa kwempahla ngaphandle okanye basilele ukubonelela ngezaziso ezifunekayo kumthengisi ngexesha lonikezelo okanye indawo ngexesha ekuvunyelwene ngalo. Xa iimeko ezinjalo zivela, umthengi kufuneka athathe umngcipheko ukususela kumhla ekuvunyelwene ngawo okanye ukususela kumhla apho izibophelelo ezinjalo kufuneka zihlangatyezwe, nje ukuba iimpahla ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo njengezo zichazwe kwikhontrakthi.

Umthwalo weendleko kunye neempembelelo zemali

Uxanduva lwezemali lwabathengisi

Iimfanelo zemali zabathengisi phantsi kwe-DAP Incoterms zilula kakhulu kuba zihambelana nayo yonke imisebenzi ephambili echazwe phantsi kweli xesha. Ngoko ke, zonke iindleko ezinxulumene nokuhanjiswa, kubandakanywa iindleko eziphambili zothutho kunye neentlawulo zokuphuma kwamanye amazwe, ezifana neerhafu zokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nemirhumo enxulumene nokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nemali yokulungiselela amaxwebhu ohambo, zonke zibandakanyiwe phantsi kwezibophelelo zabathengisi.

Ngamafutshane, abathengisi banyanzelekile ukuba bahlawule zonke iindleko zokuthumela kunye nayo nayiphi na ilahleko enokubakho phantsi kweDAP kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuba baphathe naziphi na iindleko zokothulwa kwindawo yokuhanjiswa okanye nayiphi na imirhumo enxulumene nokukhutshwa kwempahla.

Uxanduva lwemali yabathengi

Iimbopheleleko zemali zabathengi zilula xa kuthelekiswa nezo zabathengisi ekubeni imithwalo yabo yezemali igxile kwiimbopheleleko zasemva kokuhanjiswa kuphela, ezibandakanya ubukhulu becala yonke imirhumo yokukhutshwa kwempahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle kuquka iirhafu kunye neentlawulo zokungenisa elizweni, kunye nazo zonke iindleko zokothula. 

Ngokusisiseko, lonke uxanduva lwezemali kunye nemingcipheko idluliselwa kubathengi emva kokuhanjiswa, oku kuthetha ukuba abathengi banokuphinda bahlawule iindleko zokuthutha ukusuka kwindawo yokuhanjiswa ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela ukuba akusiyo indawo yokugqibela.   

Ukuqonda komthengi okusebenzayo ukunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle ngeDAP

Ulawulo lwengozi

Abathengi banokukhetha ngokukhuselekileyo i-DAP Incoterm xa kufikwa kulawulo lomngcipheko kuba iDAP yenye yezona Incoterms ezithandekayo kubathengi- kunye nemingcipheko yokuhambisa idluliselwe kubo kuphela xa befika kwindawo echongiweyo yokuhanjiswa. Oku kwenza ukuba ixesha le-DAP libe luncedo ngakumbi kubathengi abanobuchule bokuphatha imisebenzi yasemva kokuhanjiswa.

Kwelinye icala, isibophelelo sokulawula ukukhutshwa kwemvume yokuthenga kumazwe angaphandle sinokusebenza njengekrele elintlangothi-mbini kubathengi, ngakumbi kwimeko yokuba abaqhelananga nenkqubo efunekayo yesithethe sokungenisa elizweni kunye nokuthotyelwa. Ngenxa yoko, abathengi banokujongana nokulibaziseka okunokubakho kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo. 

Iindleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle

Ngokumalunga nolawulo lweendleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ekubeni ixesha le-DAP linika ingcaciso echanekileyo kwiimbopheleleko zeendleko zamaqela omabini, umthwalo weendleko zabathengi ulinganiselwe kwiindleko zasemva kokuziswa. Ngokubhekiselele kokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, abathengi nabo bayakonwabela ukuguquguquka ekukhetheni indawo yokugqibela yokuhanjiswa kunye neendlela abazikhethayo zothutho, ke banokulungiselela eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yothutho ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zabo.

Oku bhetyebhetye kulungiselelo lolungiselelo kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubathengi abanolwazi olungcono lolungiselelo lwendawo, besazi ngokucacileyo ukuba ziphi iindlela zothutho ezikhoyo kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla. Ngokwenyani, olu tshintsho lunika abathengi ulawulo olukhulu kwiindleko kunye nolungiselelo lothutho.

Ukulungeleka kunye nokusetyenziswa kweqhinga

Ngabathengisi abaphatha ubuninzi bemisebenzi yothutho, iDAP isebenza njengendlela efanelekileyo eyenza lula yonke inkqubo yolungiselelo lwabathengi. Abathengi abakhetha ukugxila ekuthotyelweni kwendawo kunye nemisebenzi yokuhanjiswa kunokulawula inkqubo yokuthumela ngenqanawa baya kuyixabisa le Incoterm ukuze kube lula ukuyinikezela.

Nangona kunjalo, kulula ecaleni, kuyafuneka ukuba abathengi bachaze ngokucacileyo kwaye baqinisekise eyona ndawo yokuhanjiswa kunye nabathengisi. Oku kubalulekile kubo kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba ukudluliselwa komngcipheko kubathengi xa iimpahla zifika kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo kodwa nangenxa yokuba, ngokwemigaqo yeDAP Incoterms echazwe yi-ICC, kunyanzelekile ukuba abathengi banikeze isaziso malunga nendawo yokuhanjiswa ngqo.

Ekunene kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo

I-DAP Incoterm ibeka uxanduva oluninzi lokuthutha kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle, kunye neengozi ezihambelanayo kubathengisi de iimpahla zifike kwindawo yokugqibela. Abathengi bathatha kuphela imvume yokungenisa kunye nemingcipheko yokothula ekufikeni kwempahla.

Kolu lungiselelo, abathengisi bajongana nazo zonke iindleko ezifanelekileyo zokuziswa kunye neendleko zokuthumela ngaphandle, ngelixa abathengi belawula kuphela iindleko zasemva kokuziswa. Abathengi banokuzuza ngokupheleleyo kwi-DAP ukuba banobuchule bokulawula ezothutho zengingqi kunye neemfuno zokukhutshwa kwezithethe.

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