I-CIF Incoterms: IsiKhokelo esiBalulekileyo oya kufuna ukungena kuso

Unyaka wonke, kukho amaxesha abalulekileyo okuhamba kunye neeholide, njengeeholide zasehlotyeni kunye namaxesha eeholide. Iphakheji yokuhamba apho i-arhente yohambo ilungiselela phantse zonke izinto, equka yonke into ukusuka kwiinqwelomoya kunye neehotele ukuya kwi-inshurensi yokuhamba ukuya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya isoloko yamkelekile. Noko ke, ekufikeni kwabo, abakhenkethi ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka bazilungiselele izinto zokuhamba nemisebenzi yasekuhlaleni. 

La malungiselelo ngenene afana kakhulu neCIF Umthetho we-Incoterms ka-2020, apho umthengisi elungiselela kwaye ahlawule izithuthi kunye ne-inshurensi kwi-port ekuya kuyo, ngelixa umthengi ephethe yonke into ngaphaya kwendawo yokulayisha. 

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezingakumbi malunga neCIF Incoterms, kubandakanywa uxanduva oluphambili kunye nezibophelelo zemali zabathengisi kunye nabathengi bomgaqo we-CIF, izicelo zayo zobuchule, kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenzisa amagama e-CIF njengomthengi.

Isiqulatho
Ukuqonda CIF Incoterms
Uxanduva kunye nezibophelelo zeendleko
Ukusetyenziswa kweqhinga le-CIF kunye nokusebenzisa i-CIF njengomthengi
Ukwakha ukuzithemba kwezorhwebo

Ukuqonda CIF Incoterms

I-CIF, emele iNdleko, i-Inshurensi, kunye noThutho, ngumgaqo wamazwe ngamazwe phantsi kweMigaqo yoRhwebo yaMazwe ngaMazwe (Incoterms) esekwe ngu Iqela lezoRhwebo lweHlabathi. Njengoko igama layo lisitsho, ibeka umthengisi kuxanduva lokuhlawula zonke iindleko, kubandakanywa i-inshurensi kunye nomthwalo, de iimpahla zifike kwindawo yomthengi. Nangona kunjalo, ukudluliselwa komngcipheko ukusuka kumthengisi ukuya kumthengi emva kokuba iimpahla zilayishwe kwinqanawa kwizibuko lokuthunyelwa, kungekhona ukuya kwizibuko ekusingwa ukususela ekubeni izibophelelo zomthengisi ziphela kwindawo yokulayisha.

Njengezinye ii-Incoterms ezimbini, ezizezi, i-CFR kunye ne-FOB, i-CIF isetyenziswa kuphela elwandle okanye kuthutho lwamanzi angaphakathi kwempahla elayishwe kwiinqanawa. Ngoko ke ayifanelekanga ukulungiselela ukulayisha kwangaphambili kwe-handoff amalungiselelo kwezinye iindlela zothutho.

Uxanduva kunye nezibophelelo zeendleko

Uxanduva lomthengisi kunye nezibophelelo zeendleko

Ngaphantsi kolawulo lwe-CIF Incoterms, umthengisi uthwala uninzi lweemfanelo kunye neendleko. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwentengiselwano, umthengisi unoxanduva lokupakisha, ukukhupha imvume yokuthumela ngaphandle, kunye nokulungelelanisa ukulayishwa kwempahla kwinqanawa. Nangona umthengisi uthathwa njengozalisekise uxanduva lokuhanjiswa emva kokuba iimpahla zilayishwe enqanaweni, kufuneka kwakhona baqinisekise ikhontrakthi yenqwelo ephambili ukusuka kuloo ndawo ukuya kwizibuko lokugqibela lendawo, ehlawulela zonke iindleko zokuthutha ezilandelayo. Ezi ndleko zothutho zigubungela lonke uhambo, ukusuka ekulayisheni kokuqala kwinqanawa ukuya kwizibuko lokugqibela.

Ngenxa yolu xanduva lubanzi, umthengisi ubophelelekile ukuba ahlawule zonke iindleko ezihambelanayo, kubandakanywa ukupakishwa, ukukhutshwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, irhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle, imisebenzi, iilayisensi eziyimfuneko, iimali zokuhlanjululwa kokhuseleko, amaxwebhu okuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye nayo nayiphi na imali efunekayo yokuhlola.

Ukongeza ekongameleni yonke inkqubo yokuthumela ngenqanawa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kunye neendleko ezinxulumene noko, eyona mfanelo ibalulekileyo yezemali yomthengisi phantsi komgaqo we-CIF kukufumana i-inshorensi eyaneleyo. Kwimeko apho ilizwe ekusingwa kulo lifuna ukuba i-inshorensi ithengwe ekuhlaleni, kunokuba nokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba amaqela omabini aqhubeke nesivumelwano phantsi komthetho we-CFR Incoterms kune-CIF, ukuthintela ukungqubana neemfuno ze-inshorensi yasekuhlaleni.

Ngokuhambelana neemfuno ze-CIF, umthengisi kufuneka abonelele nge-inshurensi egubungela iimpahla ukususela ngelixa zilayishwa kwinqanawa kwi-port yokuthunyelwa de zifike kwi-port yokugqibela. Le mfuno ye-inshorensi, nangona kunjalo, ibeka kuphela umthengisi kwi-inshorensi encinci, njengoko kuchaziwe yi-Institute Cargo Clauses (C) ye I-Lloyd's Market Association (LMA) or Umbutho waMazwe ngaPhantsi waBafundi baseLondon (IUA) okanye amalungiselelo alinganayo. 

Ngelixa umthengi enokuthi acele i-inshurensi eyongezelelweyo ngeendleko zakhe, i-inshurensi ye-CIF eqhelekileyo ebonelelwa ngumthengisi kufuneka isahlawule ubuncinane i-110% yexabiso lekhontrakthi, kwimali ekuvunyelwene ngayo, ngaphandle kokuba olo khuselo olongezelelweyo sele lubandakanyiwe phantsi kwe-inshurensi yempahla echazwe ngaphambili.

Ukuba umthengi uyayifuna, umthengisi kufuneka anike umthengi lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze afumane naluphi na ukhuseleko lwe-inshorensi eyongezelelweyo ngomngcipheko kunye neendleko zomthengi. Ngaphezu koko, i-inshorensi kufuneka ivumele umthengi okanye naliphi na iqela elifakwe kwi-inshorensi ukuba libange ngokuthe ngqo kwi-inshurensi kwaye umthengisi kufuneka anike umthengi izatifikethi ze-inshorensi okanye iinkcukacha zepolisi njengobungqina be-inshorensi efunekayo.

Uxanduva lomthengi kunye nezibophelelo zeendleko

Ngokubhekiselele ekudluliseleni umngcipheko, umthengi uthatha yonke imingcipheko xa iimpahla zikhwele kwinqanawa de zifike kwindawo yokugqibela yokuhanjiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwembono yeendleko, izibophelelo zemali zomthengi zigxile kwiindleko ezenziweyo ekufikeni kwempahla nangaphaya kwezibuko ekuyiwa kulo. Ekubeni umthengisi uphatha kuphela imithwalo kunye nemirhumo ye-inshurensi ukuya kwi-port ekuya kuyo, umthengi kufuneka abe noxanduva lwazo zonke ezinye iindleko ezingaphaya kwelo nqanaba. 

Umthwalo weendleko zabathengi oqala ukusuka kwizibuko lokusingwa ukuya phambili ubandakanya iintlawulo ezahlukeneyo zezibuko okanye zetheminali, ezinjengokothula kunye neentlawulo zokuphatha, kunye nazo zonke ezinye iindleko zothutho ezilandelayo zokuzisa kwindawo yabo yokugqibela. Ngako oko, abathengi kufuneka kwakhona bayithathele ingqalelo yonke inkqubo yokungenisa elizweni, ibandakanya zonke iinkqubo zokungenisa elizweni kuquka iirhafu ezifanelekileyo kunye nemisebenzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kweqhinga le-CIF kunye nokusebenzisa i-CIF njengomthengi

Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kweCIF kurhwebo

Njengoko kugxininiswe kwi-ICC Incoterms 2020, ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo komgaqo we-CIF, umthengisi kunye nomthengi kufuneka baqale bafikelele kwisivumelwano esicacileyo kumachweba amabini abalulekileyo: i-port of loading-apho iimpahla zibekwe khona kwinqanawa, kunye ne-port yokuya- apho umthengisi ulungiselela ukuthutha ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa. Izibuko lokulayisha lisebenza njengendawo yokudluliselwa komngcipheko apho zonke iingozi zigqithiselwa ukusuka kumthengisi ukuya kumthengi ukusuka apho ukuya phambili. Ngeli xesha, izibuko lendawo liphawula isiqalo soxanduva lomthengi lwazo zonke izinto ezilandelwayo kunye neendleko ezinxulumene noko ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela. 

Umzekelo, umthengisi unokulayisha iimpahla kwinqanawa kwizibuko laseSingapore ukuze zithunyelwe kwizibuko eliseRotterdam. Umthengisi utshintsha yonke imingcipheko kumthengi eSingapore kwaye ubonwa njengokuba sele ezalisekise isibophelelo sakhe sokuziswa xa iimpahla zilayishiwe apho. Nangona kunjalo, umthengisi uhlala ebophelelekile ukuba alungiselele ukuthuthwa kwempahla ukusuka eSingapore ukuya eRotterdam.

Ngaphandle kwala mazibuko mabini akhankanywe apha ngasentla, omnye umba obalulekileyo wokusebenzisa ngokukuko umgaqo weCIF kukuqinisekisa ukuba umgaqo weCIF Incoterms usetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo xa imithwalo engaqulathwanga njengempahla imithwalo eninzi kwaye breakbulk kubandakanyeke umthwalo. Xa kuthelekiswa nempahla enezikhongozeli, ezi ntlobo zomthwalo zihlala zifuna ukupakishwa okuncinci kwaye zinokulayishwa lula enqanaweni ngaphandle kokudlula kwitheminali yesikhongozeli, echasene nenkqubo yeCIF efuna umthengisi abeke iimpahla ngqo kwinqanawa.

Okwangoku, omabini amaqela kufuneka ahlole ngokucokisekileyo ukhuselo lwe-inshurensi ukubona ukuba umthengi uneemfuno ezithile zolawulo lomngcipheko. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, abathengi kufuneka bathethathethane ngokhuseleko olubanzi lwe-inshurensi okanye bacinge ngokucela ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zabo zorhwebo ziyafezekiswa.

Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenzisa i-CIF njengomthengi

Umgaqo we-CIF Incoterms ubonakala njengenye yezona ndlela zilula kwaye zincinci kubathengi. Inyani yokuba abathengisi kufuneka bahlawule zonke iindleko zokuthumela ukuya kwizibuko lendawo ayiboneleli nje kuphela amandla oqoqosho abalulekileyo kubathengi kodwa ifanelekile kwabo bangenawo amava olungiselelo kwilizwe lemvelaphi, kuba abathengisi baphethe onke amalungiselelo othutho lwamazwe ngamazwe kubandakanya inkqubo yokukhutshwa ngaphandle.

Kubathengi abathutha impahla yexabiso eliphezulu okanye eethe-ethe engabalulekanga njengoomatshini, izithuthi zodidi oluphezulu, kunye nezixhobo ezinzima, imiqathango ye-CIF inikezela ngokhetho oluthembekileyo ngokubandakanywa ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-inshurensi esisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba umthengi athathele ingqalelo ukuba ngaphandle kolu khuselo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi, kufuneka bacinge nokufumana i-inshurensi eyongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olubanzi lwempahla yabo yexabiso eliphezulu.

Okokugqibela, nangona kukho zonke izinto eziluncedo kunye nenkqubo eyenziwe lula enikezelwa ngumthetho we-CIF, abathengi kufuneka bahlale belumkile kwiintlawulo ezinokuthi zifihlwe ezinokuvela ngenxa yeentlawulo eziphakamileyo, njengoko abathengisi belawula imiba emininzi yenkqubo yonke yenkqubo kunye namalungiselelo e-inshurensi.

Ukwakha ukuzithemba kwezorhwebo

Umgaqo we-CIF Incoterms ufuna ukuba umthengisi ahlawule zonke iindleko zempahla kunye ne-inshurensi ehambelana nayo, kubandakanywa irhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle kunye neentlawulo zokuthunyelwa kwi-port ukuya kwindawo yomthengi, ngelixa umngcipheko kunye nezibophelelo zokuhanjiswa ziqwalaselwa zidluliselwe kwaye zigqitywe xa iimpahla zilayishwe kwinqanawa. Umthengi uthatha imingcipheko kunye neendleko ukusuka kwindawo apho iimpahla zikhwele isikhephe kwaye ukwanoxanduva lokuphatha iintlawulo zesiphelo kunye nemirhumo kwindawo ekusingwa kuyo, inkqubo yokukhutshwa ngaphandle, kunye nayo yonke imisebenzi yothutho kunye neyothutho kunye nemirhumo ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo komthetho we-CIF, bobabini umthengi kunye nomthengisi kufuneka bachaze ngokucacileyo izibuko lokulayisha kunye nezibuko ekuyiwa kuyo. Ngokufana nemithetho ye-FOB kunye ne-CFR ye-Incoterms, i-CIF ayifanelekanga kwimpahla egciniweyo kodwa ilungele i-breakbulk kunye ne-bulk cargo, enokuthi ilayishwe ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanawa. Abathengi abangenamava okanye abo banolwazi olulinganiselweyo ngolungiselelo lwelizwe lemvelaphi banokwakha ukuzithemba okukhulu kwezorhwebo kunye ne-inshurensi engagqibekanga ye-CIF. Ngaphezu koko, abathengi abanexabiso eliphezulu okanye iimpahla ezibuthathaka banokuthembela kwi-inshorensi esisiseko yemigaqo ye-CIF ukuze bakhusele ukhuseleko olusisiseko kwiimpahla zabo.

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