Malunga neepesenti ezingama-60 zabathengi bamandla eCalifornia baquke ugcino lwamandla ebhetri kunye nofakelo lwelanga eluphahleni lwabo. Nangona kunjalo, "ukwehla okuqhubekayo" kulindeleke kwimarike.
I-California yaguqula umgaqo-nkqubo welanga ophezu kophahla nge-15 ka-Epreli, 2023, yaphelisa i-net energy metering (NEM) kwaye yaya kulwakhiwo lwe-net-billing tariff (NBT). Utshintsho lwehlise izinga elihlawulwe kubathengi ngokuthumela ngaphandle kwemveliso yabo yelanga engaphezulu kwigridi malunga ne-80%. Kunyaka omnye emva koko, iLawerence Berkeley National Laboratory (LNBL) ikhuphe ingxelo evavanya utshintsho kwimarike yelanga ephahleni lukarhulumente.
I-LNBL ifumanise ukuba ufakelo lwelanga eluphahleni e-California lwalulingana ngo-2023 ukuya ku-2022. Nangona kunjalo, i-80% yeenkqubo ezifakelweyo yayiyi-NEM 2.0 yofakelo oluleqa kwimigca yoqhagamshelo phambi komhla wokugqibela we-15 ka-Epreli ka-2023 ukuze kukhuselwe ulwakhiwo lwezinga elinengeniso engakumbi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, malunga neenkqubo ze-50,000 zidibene phantsi kwesakhiwo esitsha se-NBT, ngaphezu kwe-200,000 yeenkqubo ze-NEM ezidibeneyo ngexesha elifanayo.
Idatha evela kwi-EnergySage, umqhubi weyona ndawo inkulu yokuhlala ecaphula ilanga e-United States, "icebisa ukuhla okuzinzileyo," yatsho ingxelo.
Izicelo zengcaphuno ziye zanda ngexesha likaDisemba 2022-Aprili 2023 ifestile phakathi kwesibhengezo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwe-NBT. Ukusukela ngoko, izicelo zekowuti zenyanga ziye zaba malunga nama-60% embali (2019-21) amanqanaba.
Ukuhla nge-40% kwizicelo zekowuti zembali “luphawu oluphambili” kwimisebenzi yentengiso kwaye “mhlawumbi lolona phawu lucacileyo noluzinzileyo lwentelekelelo yemalike,” yatsho i-LNBL.
Ukucutheka okubalulekileyo kwimakethi yelanga ephezu kophahla ayisosiphumo sifanelekileyo saseCalifornia, ilizwe elineenjongo zamandla acocekileyo kunye nengxaki yokufikeleleka kombane. Iinkokeli zombutho wabarhwebi ziye zalumkisa ukuba iCalifornia ayinakufane ifikelele usukelo lwamandla acocekileyo ngaphandle kweminikelo eyomeleleyo evela kumzi-mveliso welanga ophahleni.
Nangona kunjalo, inguqu kwi-NBT idale iziphumo ezithile eCalifornia ezinokunqweneleka. Iprofayile yesixokelelwano esifakiweyo sitshintshe kakhulu. Ngaphambi kwe-NBT, abathengi baqhoboshele ugcino lwamandla ebhetri kunye noluhlu oluphezu kophahla malunga ne-10% yofakelo. Ngoku, ukufakwa kwe-post-NBT kubandakanya iibhetri ze-60% yexesha.
Oku kubalulekile kubasebenzi begridi baseCalifornia, abafuna ukulungisa ukungahambelani phakathi kobonelelo lombane oveliswe lilanga kunye neemfuno kwigridi. Oku kungafaniyo, okuhlala kumelwa "ligophe ledada," kuye kwanda kakhulu eCalifornia, kubangele amaxabiso kunye nemiba yokugcinwa kwegridi, kunye nokudala imfuno yezityalo zegesi zendalo ezingasebenziyo "ze-peaker" ukuze zikhonze amaxesha emfuno ephezulu kunye nesizukulwana esiphantsi.
Izinga eliphezulu lokuncamathela kwebhetri linika abathengi izibonelelo ezithile, nabo. Ngelixa ixabiso lesitikha lilonke linyuka ngenkqubo encanyathiselwe ebhetrini, imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali iye yaphucuka xa kuthelekiswa nofakelo lwelanga kuphela.
Abafaki baxela ixesha lokuhlawula eliphakathi leminyaka esibhozo kwiinkqubo zelanga ezinebhetri, ngelixa iinkqubo zelanga ezizimeleyo zinexesha elide lokubuyisela eliphakathi malunga ne-10 iminyaka. Ukugcinwa kwebhetri kuvumela abathengi ukuba bagcine imveliso yabo yelanga kwaye bayisebenzise xa amaxabiso egridi ephakamileyo, kunokuba athengise kwigridi ngeepeni kwidola emva kwemini enelanga. Abanini bebhetri yeSolar nabo banokhetho lokuhlawulelwa ngokuthumela amandla kumazwe angaphandle ngexesha leemfuno eziphambili okanye iimeko ezingxamisekileyo, ezinokuthi zenze ingeniso entsha.
Abathengi abaneebhetri nabo baxhamla ngokuba namandla okugcina ngexesha lokucima kwegridi, ehlala iyinombolo enye yesizathu sokubandakanya iibhetri kwilizwe lonke, ngokutsho kwe-installer survey yi-SolarReviews.
“Ukusukela ngoNovemba ka-2023, ukufakwa kweendawo zokuhlala kumndilili weenkqubo ezimalunga nama-5,000 ngenyanga, ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini kwisantya senyanga kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo,” yatsho ingxelo evela kwi-LNBL.
Ingxelo yeLabhu yaseBerkeley iphawule utshintsho kwiinketho zokuxhasa ngemali abathengi belanga abahlala kulo. Ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezili-12 zokugqibela ze-NEM, amazinga obunini beqela lesithathu, kubandakanywa neenkqubo zesivumelwano sokuthengwa kwamandla okuqeshiswayo kunye nombane, i-avareji ye-26% kwi-stand-alone solar kunye ne-11% kwiinkqubo zelanga kunye nokugcinwa. Oku kuxhumeke ukuya kuthi ga kwi-39% kwi-standalone solar kunye ne-52% yokugcinwa kwelanga kunye nokugcinwa phantsi kwenkqubo ye-NBT. Olunye lolu tshintsho lunokubalelwa kukunyuka kwamazinga enzala okudala iimeko mboleko kubathengi ekunzima ukuyetyisa.
Ekugqibeleni, ingxelo yeBerkeley Labs iphawule ukwanda kokudityaniswa kwimarike yelanga yophahla lwaseCalifornia. Isabelo semarike sabafakeli abaphezulu abahlanu kurhulumente sinyuke ukusuka kwi-40% kunyaka ophelileyo we-NEM ukuya kuma-51% kunyaka wokuqala we-NBT.
Kunyaka omnye, kucacile ukuba utshintsho kwi-NBT lutshintshe kakhulu imboni yelanga ephuma eluphahleni lwaseCalifornia. Nangona kunjalo, ukusilela kwee-odolo zeNEM ezinikezelwa ngo-2023 kwenze ukuba kungacaci ukuba isiphumo esipheleleyo solu tshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo siza kuzisa ntoni na. Oku kumisela inqanaba lonyaka ka-2024 njengobungqina obubalulekileyo kwimpilo yeli shishini.
“Ezi ziqhelo, kunye nezinye, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ziya kungena kugxininiso oluthe chatha kulo nyaka uzayo okanye emva koko, nje ukuba umsebenzi ongekenziwa we-NEM ucaciswe ngokupheleleyo kwaza kwamiselwa 'isiqhelo esitsha' phantsi kwe-NBT,” uqukumbele watsho uGalen Barbose, isazinzulu sabasebenzi, LNBL.
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