Khawucinge ngesisombululo sombane esinika amandla azinzileyo, azinzileyo, kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubomi bethu kunye nomsebenzi abuchatshazelwa kukungaphumeleli kwegridi yamandla emveli, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kwiindawo ezikude okanye kumaziko asezidolophini. Yile nto kanye i-microgrids kunye ne-off-grid applications inokubonelela ngayo.
Apha, siza kugubungela okuhle kunye nokubi kwe-microgrids kunye ne-off-grid applications, sinceda ukufumanisa ukuba ezo nkqubo zikulungele na okanye ishishini lakho.
Isiqulatho
Yintoni iMicrogrid kunye nombane ongekho kwigridi?
Ulwazi oluthe vetshe malunga ne-microgrid kunye nosetyenziso lwe-off-grid
Imingeni kunye nezisombululo zokuveliswa kombane welanga ngaphandle kwegrid kwiindawo ezikude
Iimeko eziyimpumelelo zeeprojekthi ze-microgrid kunye ne-off-grid yejenereyitha yelanga
Iimbono zexesha elizayo ngendima yeejenereyitha zelanga kwiinkqubo zamandla ezinatyisiweyo
isishwankathelo
Yintoni iMicrogrid kunye nombane ongekho kwigridi?
Ii-Microgrids zithungelwano zombane ezincinci ezinokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwiigridi zemveli ezinkulu, okanye ziqhagamshelwe kuzo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zibandakanya izixhobo zokuvelisa amandla, ezifana iiphaneli zesola, iinjuba zomoya, encinci izityalo zombane, okanye iijenereyitha zedizili.
Ingundoqo ye-microgrid yinkqubo yayo yokulawula ingqiqo kunye ne-automation technology, evumela ukuba ilawule ngokufanelekileyo kwaye yabele isizukulwana sayo sangaphakathi kunye nokugcinwa. Iinkqubo ezinjalo zibhetyebhetye kakhulu; xa igridi engundoqo ingaphumeleli, i-microgrids "inokuthi ifakwe esiqithini," oko kukuthi inikezelwe ngokuzimeleyo kwigridi eyintloko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunikezelwa kwamandla kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo akuchaphazeleki.
Zifaneleke ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezincinci, iipaki zemizi-mveliso, izibhedlele, izikolo, kunye nezinye ezininzi izicwangciso ezincinci, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho igridi ingazinzile okanye ayifiki.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izicelo ze-off-grid ziinkqubo zamandla ezizimeleyo okanye izibonelelo ezingaxhunywanga kwigridi eyintloko. Ezo zicelo ziqhele ukufunyanwa kwiindawo ezikude, iziqithi ezincinci, izibonelelo ezihambahambayo, okanye naphi na apho kunzima ukuba igridi ephambili ifikelele.
Iinkqubo ze-Off-grid zizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo kwigridi yangaphandle kwaye zifunwa ukuvelisa onke amandla afunekayo ngokuzimeleyo. Ngenxa yobume bemeko yemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo (umzekelo, ilanga, umoya), ezo nkqubo zihlala zixhotyiswa iinkqubo zokugcina ibhetri ukuqinisekisa amandla aqhubekayo.
Usetyenziso olungekho kwigridi lufuna usetyenziso olusebenzayo lwamandla kunye nezicwangciso zokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla nokunciphisa inkcitho. Ngokuqhelekileyo badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yangaphandle, amakhaya ahambahambayo, amakhaya ahlala kwiindawo ezikude, izixhobo zokubeka iliso kwintsimi, njl.
Ulwazi oluthe vetshe malunga ne-microgrid kunye nosetyenziso lwe-off-grid
Iinkcukacha zobugcisa kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili malunga ne-microgrids kunye ne-off-grid systems zingashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo:
IiMicrogrids
Iipaneli zelanga: Iipaneli zelanga kwii-microgrids ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa iipaneli ze-photovoltaic (PV) eziphezulu. Ezi phaneli kufuneka zicwangciswe ngokufanelekileyo ngokusekwe kwindawo ezikuyo, i-engile yokukhanya kwelanga, kunye nobunzulu bokwandisa ukubanjwa kwamandla.
Itekhnoloji yokuguqula: Iiphaneli zeSolar zivelisa i-direct current (DC), ngelixa ii-microgrids ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenza kwi-alternating current (AC). Ke ngoko, ii-inverters ziyafuneka ukuguqula i-DC ibe yi-AC. I-inverter esebenzayo ibalulekile kuguqulo lwamandla ngokubanzi.
Ugcino lwamandla: Ngenxa yobume bemeko yamandla elanga, ii-microgrids zihlala zibandakanya iinkqubo zokugcina ibhetri ukugcina amandla angaphezulu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba i-microgrid ingaqhubeka nokubonelela ngombane nangamaxesha okungabikho kwelanga.
Iinkqubo zokulawula: Iinkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele zingundoqo kwii-microgrids kwaye zinoxanduva lokuphucula ukuveliswa kwamandla, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla. Oku kuquka uqikelelo lwemfuno yamandla, ukulawula ukwenziwa kwamandla, kunye nokulawula ukutshaja nokukhupha ibhetri.
Umdibaniso: Inkqubo yamandla elanga yemicrogrid kufuneka idityaniswe kakuhle neminye imithombo yamandla (umzekelo, umoya, iijenereyitha zedizili, njl.njl.) kwakunye negridi yamandla engundoqo ukuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla oluthembekileyo nolusebenzayo.
Iinkqubo ezingaphandle kwegridi
Iipaneli zelanga: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-off-grid, isitshixo kwiipaneli zelanga kukuqina kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ekubeni usetyenziso lwe-off-grid luhlala lusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezikude, iipaneli zelanga kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo.
Ugcino lwamandla: Ngokufana ne-microgrids, ukugcinwa kwebhetri kubaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-off-grid. Ezi nkqubo zidinga umthamo owaneleyo wokugcina amandla ebusuku okanye ngeentsuku ezinamafu.
Ubungakanani beSistim kunye nokwenza ngcono: Iinkqubo zelanga ezingaphandle kwegrid kufuneka zilungelelaniswe nomthombo othile wamandla. Oku kubandakanya ukubalwa okuchanekileyo kwenani leepaneli zelanga kunye nomthamo wokugcina amandla ofunekayo.
Ii-inverters kunye nabalawuli: Ii-inverters zibaluleke ngokulinganayo kwiinkqubo ze-off-grid. Ukongeza, izilawuli zentlawulo zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kweebhetri ukuthintela ukutshaja okugqithisileyo kunye nokukhupha ngaphezulu.
Ukugcinwa kunye nokuthembeka: Ukunika imo ekude yezicelo ze-off-grid, ukugcinwa kwenkqubo kufuneka kube lula kwaye kuthembeke. Ke ngoko, ukhetho lwamacandelo ludla ngokuthanda izisombululo ezifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci kwaye zisebenze ngokuthembekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, uyilo lweenkqubo zamandla elanga kuzo zombini i-microgrid kunye ne-off-grid izicelo zifuna ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuthembeka, ukuqina, kunye ne-synergy kunye neenkqubo zokugcina. Ulungelelwaniso lwejenereyitha yelanga ye-Microgrid igxile ngakumbi ekudityanisweni kwezinye iinkqubo zamandla kunye nolawulo olukrelekrele, ngelixa ukufakelwa kombane welanga ngaphandle kwegridi kugxile ngakumbi ekwanelisekeni, ukuqina, kunye nokuguquguquka.
Imingeni kunye nezisombululo zokuveliswa kombane welanga ngaphandle kwegrid kwiindawo ezikude
Ukuphumeza umbane welanga ongekho kwigridi kwiindawo ezikude kuwumngeni ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo ezichaphazela ukuqina kwezixhobo, ubunzima bokufikelela nokugcinwa kweenkqubo kwiindawo ezikwanti, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokuqala zokuseta nokufakwa.
mngeni
Iimeko ezirhabaxa zokusingqongileyo: Iindawo ezikude zihlala zijongene nemozulu embi, enokuthi ichaphazele ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuqina kweepaneli zelanga. Imimoya ebhudla ngamandla, ukuwa kwekhephu ngamandla, kunye namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo anokubangela umonakalo kwizixhobo.
Kunzima ukugcina kunye nokulungiswa: Ngenxa yendawo ekude, ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokulungiswa kuba nzima, oku kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni inkqubo okanye ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza kakuhle.
Iindleko eziphezulu zotyalo-mali lokuqala: Ukuseka inkqubo yelanga engaphandle kwegrid kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu lwangaphambili, olunokuba ngumqobo kuluntu olukude okanye abantu ngabanye.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nolawulo: Ubume bexeshana bamandla elanga bufuna izisombululo ezinamandla zokugcina amandla, kwaye ezi zihlala zibiza kwaye zinzima ukulawula.
Ukunqongophala kobuchule bobugcisa: Imimandla ekude inokuthi iswele ubuchule bendawo ekufakeni nasekugcineni iinkqubo zelanga, ezikhokelela ekuthembeleni kubaboneleli bangaphandle.
Imiqobo yolawulo nemigaqo-nkqubo: Kweminye imimandla, kunokubakho ukungabikho komgaqo-nkqubo okanye izikhokelo zokulawula ukuxhasa ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zelanga ezingaphandle kwegrid.
izisombululo
Itekhnoloji ehlala ixesha elide kunye nesebenzayo: Ukuvavanya iipaneli zelanga ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodyuli ezenzelwe ukujamelana neemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo kunokuphucula ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo.
Ukubekw'esweni nokugcinwa kude: Ukuphumeza inkqubo yokubeka iliso ekude ivumela ugcino olusebenzayo kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa imfuno yokutyelela rhoqo indawo.
Inkxaso yemali: Oorhulumente kunye neeNGOs banokubonelela ngenkxaso-mali, izibonelelo, okanye imiqathango evumayo yokuboleka imali ukuze kuthotywe imiqobo yezemali ekufakeni iinkqubo zesola ezingaphandle kwegrid.
Izisombululo ezintsha zokugcina amandla: Ukwamkela ubugcisa bebhetri obuphambili kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwamandla kunokwandisa ugcino lwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa, okwenza iinkqubo zisebenze ngakumbi kwaye zibe noqoqosho.
Umgaqo-nkqubo nenkxaso yolawulo: Ukuthethelela nokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo exhasa ukusasazwa kweenkqubo zesola ezingaphandle kwegrid.
Iinkqubo eziHybrid: Ukudibanisa i-solar kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo, efana nomoya okanye i-micro-hydro, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuguquguqukayo kokukhanya kwelanga, kunokuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwamandla okuzinzile.
Iimeko eziyimpumelelo zeeprojekthi ze-microgrid kunye ne-off-grid yejenereyitha yelanga
Iiprojekthi zeMicrogrid eCalifornia, eU.SA
Iinkqubo zeMicrogrid zisetyenziswa kakhulu eCalifornia, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisongelwa ngumlilo wasendle. Ngokomzekelo, i-microgrid ye-campus kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego (i-UCSD) yimeko yophando oluqhelekileyo oludibanisa amandla elanga, igesi yendalo, kunye nenkqubo yokugcina amandla ephambili enika i-campus amandla asebenzayo kwaye athembekileyo.
Iiprojekthi zelanga ezingaphandle kwegrid e-Afrika
Amazwe amaninzi e-Afrika, anjengeKenya neTanzania, aye asasaza ngokubanzi iinkqubo zamandla elanga angekho kwigrid kwiindawo ezikude. Ezi nkqubo aziboneleli kuphela ngombane othembekileyo kubahlali kodwa zikwaxhasa ukuphuculwa kwemfundo neenkonzo zempilo, ezinempembelelo entle kuphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho lwasekhaya.
Iimbono zexesha elizayo ngendima yeejenereyitha zelanga kwiinkqubo zamandla ezinatyisiweyo
Umthombo obalulekileyo wamandla ahlaziyekayo: Amandla elanga, njengomthombo wamandla acocekileyo nohlaziyekayo, aya kudlala indima engundoqo kwiinkqubo zamandla ezinatyisiweyo. Njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili kunye neendleko ziyancipha, ukuthandwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe amandla elanga iya kuqhubeka ukwandisa.
Ukuququzelela idemokhrasi yamandla: Iijenereyitha zamandla elanga zinokufakelwa ezindlini, kumashishini, nakwiindawo eziphathwayo, nto leyo evumela ukuveliswa kwamandla kwindawo. Oku akunciphisi nje ukuthembela kwigridi ephakathi kodwa kukwaxhobisa abasebenzisi ukuba balawule ngakumbi kubonelelo lwamandla abo.
Ukukhuthaza iigridi ezihlakaniphile: Ukudityaniswa kweejeneretha zelanga kunye neteknoloji yegridi ehlakaniphile iya kwenza imisebenzi yegridi isebenze ngakumbi kwaye iguquguquke. Ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwexesha langempela kunye nolawulo, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kunokuphuculwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
Ukukhuthaza uphuhliso kwiindawo ezikude: Amandla elanga anika isisombululo samandla asebenzayo kwiindawo ezikude ezinzima ukudibanisa kwigridi yamandla emveli, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwengingqi kunye nentlalontle.
isishwankathelo
I-Microgrids kunye ne-off-grid iinkqubo zelanga bonisa izisombululo ezitsha ezilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabantu kunye noluntu kuluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwemimiselo. Ii-Microgrids zibonelela ngomthombo wamandla othembekileyo, obaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezijongene nokucima kombane okanye ngoqhagamshelwano lwegridi olungathembekanga.
Baqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokhathalelo lwempilo, imfundo, kunye nempendulo yongxamiseko zisebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, zikhuthaza ukomelela koluntu kunye nokhuseleko. Ngaphaya koko, ii-microgrids zixhasa impilo ezinzileyo ngokudibanisa imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ukuthembela kumafutha efosili kunye nokuthoba impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
Ngaphandle kwegridi iinkqubo zelanga, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubonelela ngeendlela zobomi kwiindawo ezikude kunye nabantu abahlukanisiwe kwigridi yamandla engundoqo. Bavumela ukufikelela kumbane kwiindawo apho iziseko zophuhliso zemveli zingenakwenzeka, ziguqula ubomi ngokunika amandla amakhaya, izikolo kunye neekliniki.
Olu fikelelo aluphuculi nje kuphela umgangatho wokuphila kodwa lukwavula iingcango kumathuba amatsha emfundo noqoqosho, okuqhubela phambili uphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho. Ngokunikezela ngomthombo wamandla ococekileyo nozinzileyo, ezi nkqubo zikwangqamana neenzame zolondolozo lwendalo esingqongileyo.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuba yeyiphi inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga enokulungela wena okanye ishishini lakho, khangela kumawaka okhetho Cooig.com.
