Iipolypropylene (PP), njengenye yeeplastiki ezintlanu zenjongo jikelele, isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ipropati evuthayo ye-PP iyanciphisa isicelo sayo kwaye ithintela ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kwezinto eziphathekayo, ngoko abantu baye banenkxalabo malunga nokuguqulwa komlilo we-PP.
Izixhobo zepolymer zikhompawundi zepolymer eziqulethe izinto ezifana nekhabhoni, ihydrogen kunye neoksijini, uninzi lwazo ezinokutsha. Ukutshiswa kwezinto ze-polymer kuluhlu lweenguqu zomzimba kunye neempendulo zeekhemikhali zenkqubo edibeneyo, ebonisa izinto ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokunyibilika kunye nokuthambisa, utshintsho lwevolumu. Inkqubo yokutsha inamanyathelo amathathu:
Okokuqala, i-reaction yokubola kwe-thermal ivelisa iimolekyuli ezincinci zegesi, emva koko umxube wegesi ufikelela kwiimeko zokutsha ukuze uqalise ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezinobundlobongela, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukutsha ngokukhawuleza komxube wegesi ovuthayo kuvelisa inani elikhulu lobushushu, kwaye umjikelo wokuphendula uyaqhubeka.
Ekubeni i-PP inesalathiso se-oksijini ye-17.4 kuphela, iyatsha kwaye ivelise ubushushu obukhulu ngexesha lokutsha, elinokubangela ukuba kube lula umlilo kunye nokubeka ingozi kubomi kunye nepropati. Kwintsimi ye-electronics kunye nezixhobo zombane, ukutsha kwePP kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo okubanzi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukwenza unyango lwe-flame-retardant kwizinto zePP.
Indlela yokubuyiswa komlilo
Indlela yokubuyiswa komlilo iquka indlela yokuphelisa ukusabela kwetsheyini, indlela yokubeka yodwa umphezulu kunye nokuphazamiseka kwendlela yokutshintshiselana kobushushu. Indlela yokuphelisa i-chain reaction reaction iphelisa ukutshiswa kokutsha ngokutya i-HO-eveliswe ngexesha lenkqubo yokutsha, indlela yokwahlula komhlaba ivelisa iikhompawundi eziqinileyo ukuthintela ukudibana komoya, kwaye inkqubo yokutshintshiselana kobushushu ephazamisekileyo ifunxa ubushushu bokutsha ukuze kufezekiswe ukuzitshabalalisa.
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo kwi-metal hydroxide flame retardant inokudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-magnesium hydroxide ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kwe-agglomeration, ukuphucula ukuhambelana ne-PP matrix, kunye nokuphucula ukubuyiswa komlilo wezinto eziphathekayo. Umlinganiselo kunye ne-activation degree ye-flame retardant yahlengahlengiswa ngokuvavanya utshintsho lwexabiso lokufunxa ioli, kwaye ekugqibeleni kwafunyaniswa ukuba isalathisi sokunciphisa i-oksijini sifikelele kwixabiso eliphezulu le-28.9% xa i-25 wt% i-activated carbon modified magnesium hydroxide flame retardant yongezwa kwi-PP.
I-Metal hydroxide flame retardants izongezo ezisetyenziselwa ukuphucula i-flame retardancy ye-polypropylene (PP) izinto. Ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi amandla omatshini wezinto eziphathekayo, abaphandi baye bazisa i-polyolefin elastomer (POE) kunye ne-calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3) kuyo. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba imidibaniso yePP elungisiweyo ayinazo iipropathi ezigqwesileyo zokubuyiswa komlilo, kodwa zikwabonise amandla omatshini aphezulu.
Boron retardants ilangatye
I-Boron retardants ye-flame retardants idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwii-PP/BN@MGO composites. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esifihliweyo kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-alkylation ye-BN @ MGO i-flame retardant, i-carbon element inokutyetyiswa kumphezulu we-filler, eyandisa ukudibanisa kunye nomzimba we-PP kwaye yenza ukuba ihanjiswe ngokufanayo kwi-matrix ye-PP.
Okwangoku, i-modified ephathwayo ye-BN @ MGO inesiphumo sendlela ye-zigzag kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal, okukhokelela kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye ne-flame retardancy ephezulu. Ezi zakhiwo zivumela i-PP / BN @ i-MGO i-composites ukuba ibe noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwiinkalo zezixhobo zombane zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, izixhobo zendlu kunye nolawulo lwe-thermal.
Ukongezelela, xa i-boron flame retardant APP/MCA-K-ZB yongezwa kwi-25 wt% (i-APP/MCA-K-ZB mass ratio ye-3/1), i-PP composite inokufezekisa ukulinganisa kwe-V-0 kuvavanyo lwe-UL-94, ngelixa i-oxygen indexing indexing iphezulu njenge-32.7%. Uhlalutyo lwe-Thermogravimetric (TGA) kunye ne-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-APP/MCA-K-ZB kunokwenza i-dense graphite carbon layer, ekhusela ngokufanelekileyo i-matrix ye-PP engaphantsi kokuvutha ngakumbi, kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kwe-thermal kunye nokukwazi ukubunjwa kwekhabhoni.
Iiretadants ze-silicon
I-HNTs-Si kwi-silicone i-retardants ye-flame retardants inokugcina i-original tubular structure kunye ne-twist kunye ne-thermal degraded ye-PP chain ukuze yenze i-carbon layer, ethintela ngokufanelekileyo ukushisa, ubunzima kunye nokugqithiswa komsi ngexesha lokutsha kwePP. I-Polysiloxane inokunciphisa i-polarity yobuso be-HNTs-Si, inyusa ukuhambelana ne-substrate ye-PP, kunye ne-crack bridging effect iphucula i-ductility ye-PP composites.
Ukongezelela, phakathi kwe-silica-based flame retardants, i-nano-Sb2O3 kunye ne-OMMT inokwenza i-dense carbon layer emva kokuguqulwa, okuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukuzinza kwe-thermal kunye nokutshatyalaliswa komlilo we-PP-based composite. I-nucleation engaqhelekanga ye-OMMT kunye ne-nano-Sb2O3 kwi-matrix ye-PP inokuphucula i-crystallinity kunye nokuqina kwamandla ezinto eziphathekayo.
I-Phosphorus retardants yomlilo
I-Sorbitol kunye ne-ammonium polyphosphate kwi-phosphorus retardants ye-flame retardants inokwenza umaleko we-carbonised ukunqanda ukwanda kobushushu kunye nokuphucula ukubuyiswa komlilo wezinto eziphathekayo. Impembelelo edibeneyo ye-SPDEB kunye ne-ammonium polyphosphate inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukutshatyalaliswa komlilo wezinto zePP kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezinokutsha.
I-nitrogen-based retardants yomlilo
I-MPP kunye ne-AP kwi-nitrogen-based retardants ye-flame retardants inokukhupha iigesi ezingatsha kunye ne-phosphorus-containing substances, i-dilute i-gases evuthayo emoyeni, kwaye isebenze njengokukhusela igesi, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukutsha. Iindlela zokuzihlanganisela ze-Supramolecular zingasebenzisa iibhondi ezingenayo i-covalent ukudibanisa iikhompawundi ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekileyo, ukuphucula ukusasazwa kwee-retardants zomlilo kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nokuphucula ukubuyiswa komlilo.
I-Intumescent flame retardant
I-NiCo2O4 i-intumescent flame retardant kunye neenzuzo ze-morphology elawulwayo, indawo enkulu yendawo ethile, iindawo ezininzi ezisebenzayo, kunye neendlela ezilula kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungiselela. Njengoko i-nickel-based based compound, ibonisa ikhono elihle kakhulu le-carbon-catalytic, leyo zombini iyanciphisa iimveliso zokutsha kunye nokuphucula ukutshatyalaliswa komlilo wezinto eziphathekayo.
Oku kuphakama ikakhulu kubangelwa indima ye-Ni + ion kuyo, enokukhawulezisa ukubola kwe-thermal ye-polyethylene acrylate (PER), ukuphucula ukutshalwa kwe-ammonium polyphosphate, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusekwa kwe-char layer kwi-polypropylene (PP) / intumescent flame retardant system. Okwangoku, i-bimetallic oxides izinzile kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu kwaye inamandla amakhulu e-catalytic, enceda ukwenza i-PP / i-flame-retardant eyandisiweyo ye-composite ye-dense kunye ne-uniform char layer kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kwe-thermal ye-char layer kunye ne-char residue.
Ukongezelela, i-flower-like NiCo2O4 isakhiwo sinenani elikhulu lokugoba phezu komhlaba kunye nommandla omkhulu wokudibanisa kunye ne-polymer, ephucula ukudibanisa. Esi sakhiwo esinjengeentyatyambo sinozinzo oluqinileyo, olunceda ukuphepha umonakalo ngexesha lokucubungula nokugcina ingqibelelo yesakhiwo. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokutshisa, izinto ezibumba amalahle ziyakwazi ukulungiswa phakathi kwesakhiwo esifana neentyantyambo, esiphucula ukuzinza komgca wamalahle kwaye senza ngokufanelekileyo indima yokuthintela ukufezekisa ukutshatyalaliswa komlilo kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-substrate.
Ukongeza kwi-NiCo2O4, kukho inani lamanye amacandelo abalulekileyo adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisiphumo somlilo ovuthayo. I-SiO2 i-gel-treated OS-MCAPP isebenza njenge-gas kunye ne-asidi yomthombo kwaye inceda i-PP ukuba yenze i-char layer ekhuselayo ekhusela i-matrix ye-PP ekuqhubekeni ukubola. I-PEIC, njengomthombo ogqwesileyo we-char, idlala indima ephambili ekwenziweni kwe-char eyandisiweyo ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye iququzelele ukufunyanwa kwee-composites ezibuyiswa ngamadangatye.
I-PPA-C idibana ne-PER ngexesha lokutsha ukwenza iibhondi ze-POC kunye neebhondi ze-PC, ezinegalelo ekwenziweni koqweqwe lwe-char olungenasiphako. Ukongeza, i-PPA-C inokubangela ukuba iPP ibole kwangoko kwaye ivelise intsalela ye-char kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Kukho i-synergy elungileyo phakathi kwe-PPA-C kunye ne-PER, kwaye ukutshatyalaliswa komlilo we-PPA-C / PER inkqubo iphezulu kunenkqubo ye-APP / PER yesiqhelo. Xa umxholo wePPA-C / PER (3: 1) ufikelela kwi-18wt%, i-PP / intumescent flame retardant material composite ifikelela kwi-V-0 yokulinganisa ngovavanyo lwe-UL-94, kwaye isalathisi esiphezulu se-oxygen sinokufikelela kwi-28.8%.
Izixhobo zePP ezibuyisela umlilo kwizicelo zokupakisha
Iplastiki ye-PP inoxinano oluphantsi, ukukhanya okulungileyo, okungeyona ityhefu kunye nevumba, ukuqhutyelwa lula kunye nokubumba, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nezinye iimpawu, okwenza kube namandla amakhulu okufaka isicelo kwintsimi yokupakisha. Nangona kunjalo, iziphene zeplastiki yePP ezifana nokutsha kunye nokunganyangeki kobushushu obuphezulu kuthintele uphuhliso lwayo kwindawo yokupakisha. Ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphengululi abaninzi baye bazinikela kuphononongo lwezixhobo zokupakisha zePP ezinepropathi eziphezulu zokubuyiswa komlilo.
Indlu yebhetri yemoto
Ibhetri yenye yezinto eziphambili zezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ngoko ke ikhesi yebhetri ekhusela ibhetri ngokukhuselekileyo ibalulekile. Ukupakishwa kwebhetri yemveli ikakhulu kusetyenziswa izinto zetsimbi kunye ne-sheet molding compound (SMC), kodwa ubunzima kunye noxinaniso lwenkqubo yokubumba ezi zinto zichaphazela ukukhanya kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ke ngoko, ingqwalasela ihlawulwa kwizinto zePP ezinoxinano oluphantsi kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo elungileyo.
Isixhobo se-PP esineempawu ze-flame-retardant ezilungiselelwe ukusuka kwi-matrix ye-resin ye-PP, i-ammonium polyphosphate / i-triazine inkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi njenge-flame retardant, i-ethylene-octene copolymer, i-elastomer esekwe kwipropylene, kunye ne-EPDM enamathelayo njenge-agent enzima isetyenziswe kwizindlu zebhetri zemoto zamandla amatsha. Esi sixhobo sePP sigcina uxinaniso oluphantsi kwaye luneempawu ezilungileyo zokubuyiswa komlilo kunye namandla empembelelo, kunye nokutywinwa okulungileyo kunye neempawu zokuthintela amanzi.
Ukupakishwa kwecandelo
I-PP/MHSH/Al2O3/NP ii-composites zalungiswa ngendlela yokuxuba inyibilika ngokuguqula iwhisker ye-alkaline magnesium sulfate (MHSH) kunye ne-alumina (Al2O3) ene-agent edibanisa umnqamlezo i-KH-550, kunye nokongeza i-nitrogen-phosphorus complex flame retardant kunye ne-PP matrix, kwaye iqhubekele phambili iqhubekele phambili kwifilimu.
I-nitrogen-phosphorus complex flame retardant ayikhuthazi kuphela ukubunjwa kwekhabhoni eyandisiweyo kwi-matrix ye-PP kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, kodwa iphinda iphendule kunye ne-MHSH ukuvelisa ityuwa ye-magnesium phosphate, ephucula amandla e-carbon layer eyandisiweyo. Ukongezelela, i-MHSH kunye ne-Al2O3 zisebenze njengezizalisi eziqinileyo zokuphucula iimpawu ze-mechanical ze-PP/MHSH/Al2O3/NP ifilimu edibeneyo. Ngoko ke, ifilimu edibeneyo yePP / MHSH / Al2O3 / NP ineepropati ezintle kakhulu zokutshatyalaliswa komlilo kunye namandla aphezulu omatshini.
Isitya sokutya
Imidibaniso ye-PP eneempawu eziphezulu zokubuyiswa komlilo zalungiswa ngokudityaniswa kwe-IFR ebandakanya i-ammonium polyphosphate, i-agent eyenza i-triazine carbon kunye ne-co-effector kunye neebhokisi zesidlo sasemini ze-polypropylene ezicociweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ebonisa amandla okurisayikilishwa kweebhokisi zesidlo sasemini zePP.
Imiba ene-PP yokubuyiswa komlilo
Nangona abantu abaninzi beqala ukufunda imidibaniso yePP ebuyisela idangatye, kukho iingxaki ngoku:
1. I-flame retardant additive, ukungahambi kakuhle kunye ne-matrix, echaphazela iimpawu zomatshini wezinto eziphathekayo;
2. Izithinteli zomlilo ezisebenzayo ubukhulu becala zineehalojeni kwaye azifikeleli kwiimfuno zokusingqongileyo;
3. Iiretadants zomlilo ziyabiza, zinyusa iindleko zemveliso.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi oluchazwe ngasentla lunikezelwa ngu Ishishini lePlastiki laseShanghai Qishen ngokuzimeleyo kwi-Cooig.com. I-Cooig.com ayenzi lumelo kunye neziqinisekiso malunga nomgangatho kunye nokuthembeka komthengisi kunye neemveliso.
