Ushwankathelo lweshishini loomatshini bezolimo
Inkcazo kunye nokuhlelwa kweshishini loomatshini bezolimo
Oomatshini bezolimo babhekiselele koomatshini abahlukeneyo abasetyenziselwa ukulima izityalo kunye nemveliso yemfuyo, kunye nokusetyenzwa okuphambili kunye nonyango lwemveliso yezolimo kunye nemfuyo. Umatshini wezolimo kukusetyenziswa koomatshini bezolimo ukuze bathathe indawo yamandla oluntu kunye nezilwanyana kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho yemveliso yezolimo kunye neendlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yezolimo, izinga lemveliso yomhlaba, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yobutyebi, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso yezolimo, ukuxhathisa iintlekele zendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo nangengqiqo kwezixhobo zezolimo.
Uninzi koomatshini bezolimo benziwe ngokukodwa kwaye benziwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zezolimo kunye neemfuno zemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ngokwenjongo yayo, inokohlulwa ubukhulu becala ibe ziindidi ezinjengoomatshini bokulima kunye nokulungiswa komhlaba, oomatshini bokutyala kunye nokuchumisa, oomatshini bolawulo lwamasimi, oomatshini bokuvuna, oomatshini bokulungisa emva kokuvunwa, kunye noomatshini bokwenza imveliso yezolimo.
Ukuhlelwa koshishino koomatshini bezolimo
Ukulinganiswa komhlaba
- Oomatshini bokulima kunye nokulungiswa komhlaba
- Oomatshini bokulima, oomatshini bokulungisa umhlaba, abanye oomatshini bokulima kunye nokulungiswa komhlaba
Imbewu kunye nokuchumisa
- Oomatshini bokutyala kunye nokuchumisa
- Oomatshini bembewu, izixhobo zokutyala izithole, oomatshini bokutyala, oomatshini bokuchumisa, oomatshini befilimu yeplastiki, kunye nabanye oomatshini bokutyala kunye nokuchumisa.
Ulawulo lommandla
- oomatshini bolawulo lwentsimi
- Ukulima oomatshini, oomatshini bokukhusela izityalo, oomatshini bokuthena, kunye nabanye oomatshini bokulawula intsimi
ukuvuna
- Oomatshini bokuvuna
- Oomatshini bokuvuna ukutya okuziinkozo, oomatshini bokuvuna umbona, oomatshini bokuvuna iziqhamo, oomatshini bokuvuna imifuno, oomatshini bokuvuna iintyatyambo (iti), oomatshini bokuvuna isityalo esiziinkozo, oomatshini bokuvuna umqhaphu kunye nehemp, oomatshini bokuvuna isityalo seengcambu, oomatshini bokuvuna isityalo, ukuqokelelwa kwesiqu kunye noomatshini bokulungisa, kunye nabanye oomatshini bokuvuna.
Ukusetyenzwa kwasemva kokuvuna
- Oomatshini bokulungisa emva kokuvuna
- Oomatshini bokubhula, oomatshini bokucoca, oomatshini bokugqobhoza (ukuxobula), oomatshini bokomisa, oomatshini bokugcina, oomatshini bokulungisa imbewu, kunye nabanye oomatshini bokwenza emva kokuvuna.
Ukulungiswa kwemveliso yezolimo
- Umatshini wokucubungula ophambili weemveliso zezolimo
- Oomatshini bokugaya irayisi, oomatshini bomgubo (ipulp), oomatshini bokucudisa i-oyile, oomatshini bokwenza umqhaphu, oomatshini bokulungisa iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, oomatshini bokwenza iti, kunye nabanye oomatshini bokuqala bokulungisa imveliso yezolimo.
abanye
- Oomatshini bokuphatha ezolimo, ukuhambisa amanzi kunye noomatshini bokunkcenkceshela, ukufuywa kwezilwanyana kunye noomatshini baselwandle, oomatshini bombane, izixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo emaphandleni, oomatshini bokwakha basefama, izixhobo zezolimo, kunye nabanye oomatshini.
Imbali yophuhliso lweshishini loomatshini bezolimo
Uphuhliso loshishino loomatshini bezolimo luphawu lwenguquko ukusuka kulimo lwemveli ukuya kwelanamhlanje. Umzi-mveliso woomatshini bezolimo basekhaya e-China unokwahlulwa ngokwezigaba ngokwezigaba ezintlanu ukusuka ekusekweni kwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku:
Ixesha lokuqala (1949-1958): Ekuqaleni kokusekwa kweNew China, isiseko soshishino loomatshini bezolimo sasisebuthathaka. Amandla ewonke ezixhobo zoomatshini bezolimo eTshayina ayemalunga nama-80,000 kW kuphela, kwaye inani leetrektara zasefama lalimalunga ne-100. Abanye oomatshini bokulima abanzima babenqongophele ngakumbi, njengababhulayo bombona abazenzekelayo kunye neelori zezolimo, ezaziphantse zibe zero.
Uphononongo kunye nexesha lohlengahlengiso (1959-1965): Ngeli xesha, urhulumente waseTshayina utyale phezu 2 yeebhiliyoni yuan kushishino oomatshini bezolimo, kunye nabavelisi eziliqela ezinkulu koomatshini bezolimo, kuquka YTO Group Corporation kunye Tianjin Tractor Manufacturing Corp. Ltd., zafakwa ngokulandelelanayo ukusebenza.
Ixesha elikhokelwa nguRhulumente (1966-1980): Ukwakha iinkampani ezintsha zoomatshini bezolimo zokuvelisa kunye nemveliso ye-accessory kunye nokuseka inkqubo yoshishino e-China oomatshini bezolimo abahambelana nemfuno yemarike yokuvelisa oomatshini bezolimo, ukugcinwa, kunye nemveliso ye-accessory, kunye noluhlu olupheleleyo lweendidi. Bonke oomatshini bemveliso yezolimo benziwa ngokusisiseko nangokuzimeleyo eTshayina.
Ixesha lokuguqulwa kweMechanism (1981-1994): Abalimi bathenga ngokuzimeleyo, babanini, kwaye basebenzise oomatshini bezolimo, ngokuthe ngcembe baba ngundoqo wotyalo-mali kunye nokusebenza koomatshini bezolimo.
Ixesha elijolise kwimarike (emva kowe-1994): Ishishini loomatshini bezolimo lingene kwinqanaba lophuhliso elijolise kwimarike, kwaye amashishini anxulumeneyo okuvelisa athatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwemarike ukusuka kwimveliso, ukuthengisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo, ukuphuhlisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwinqanaba lexabiso lokuqala ukuya kumgangatho, inkonzo, kunye neminye imiba. Ngokuthe ngcembe ukhuphiswano lwemalike oluqatha lukhokelele ekwehleni kwamaxabiso eemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo, ukuthotywa kweendleko zokuthenga kwamafama nokukhuthaza ukudityaniswa nokufumana phakathi kwamashishini, ukuseka amaqumrhu amakhulu oomatshini bezolimo njengeQela le-YTO.
Ukusukela ngo-2020, ishishini loomatshini bezolimo liye lafumana ukukhula okubonakalayo, kwaye imarike yoomatshini eTshayina iyaqhubeka nokuya kuhlengahlengiso lolwakhiwo phantsi kwemvelaphi yogxininiso lwelizwe kwimveliso yezolimo kunye nokhuseleko lokutya.
Indlela yoshishino yoshishino loomatshini bezolimo
(1) Indlela yenzuzo
Amashishini oomatshini bokulima ikakhulu afumana ingeniso kunye neengeniso ngokubonelela ngezixhobo zoomatshini, izincedisi, kunye neenkonzo zabasasazi abasezantsi, kunye nokuthengisa ngokuthe ngqo iimveliso zoomatshini bezolimo kubarhwebi.
(2) Indlela yokuthenga
1) Indlela yokuthengwa kwempahla yamacandelo ngokubanzi
Amacandelo ngokubanzi ikakhulu abandakanya amacandelo amane amakhulu, anje nge-injini ye-diesel, i-gearbox, isixhobo sokuhanjiswa kwe-hydraulic, kunye nomkhondo njengamalungu entsimbi, iinxalenye zentsimbi yentsimbi, iinxalenye zentsimbi ephosiweyo, kunye namalungu asemgangathweni wehardware. Emva kokuba isebe lemveliso yoshishino loomatshini bezolimo lingena kubungakanani obucwangcisiweyo bemveliso kwinkqubo, inkqubo iya kuvelisa ubungakanani obufunekayo bokuthengwa kwezinto ngokoluhlu lwezinto eziphathekayo. Isebe lokuthengwa kweempahla neenkonzo lihlenga-hlengisa kwaye labe ubungakanani bobonelelo lomthengisi ngamnye ngokwexabiso lokuthengwa kwezinto eziphathekayo eliveliswe sisistim lize lithumele iodolo yokuthenga kumthengisi. Umthengisi ufumana umyalelo ngenkqubo yolwazi lwe-ERP kwaye uyaqinisekisa ngaphambi kokulungelelanisa imveliso kunye nokuhambisa iimpahla. Isebe lokulawula umgangatho lihlola izinto kwaye lizibeke kwindawo yokugcina emva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa. Abasebenzi bendawo yokugcina iimpahla bakhupha irisithi yogcino kumthengisi, kwaye umthengisi ukhupha i-invoyisi esekelwe kwirisithi yesitora. Emva koko, isebe lezemali leshishini lenza intlawulo.
2) Indlela yokuthengwa kwezixhobo zangaphandle
Uninzi lwamashishini oomatshini bezolimo, ngelixa begcina amalungelo abo azimeleyo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kunye nomgaqo wamacandelo angundoqo azenzele wona, anikezela ngeenxalenye ezilungiselelweyo ezifana nezahlulo zeshiti kunye neenxalenye zokusetyenzwa kwesinyithi kubavelisi abaphuma ngaphandle ukuze bavelise. Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokusetyenzwa komsebenzi wangaphandle: ① Abavelisi bemveliso balungiselela imveliso ngokwemizobo yoyilo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo ezibonelelwa ngamashishini oomatshini bezolimo. Emva kokukhetha abavelisi abafanelekileyo, ishishini liya kuthenga imathiriyeli ekrwada kwaye liququzelele abasebenzi ukuba bagqibezele ukusetyenzwa kwamacandelo angaphandle. ② Kwizinto ezinje ngeepaneli zodonga olungcangcazelayo, iipaneli zodonga lwentloko, kunye neepaneli ezinkulu zetanki ezifuna iimfuno zenkqubo yokusika, amashishini oomatshini bezolimo athenga intsimbi kwaye ayinqumle ukuze ilungiswe. Abavelisi bangaphandle baya kuqhuba ngokwemizobo yoyilo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo ezibonelelwe lishishini.
Emva kokuba intsimbi ithengiwe kwaye igawulwe ngamashishini amashishini oomatshini bezolimo, abavelisi abangaphandle bayayiqhuba ngokwemizobo yoyilo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo ezibonelelwa lishishini.
(3) Indlela yokuvelisa
Imveliso yoomatshini bezolimo inonyaka owomeleleyo. Ukuqinisekisa unikezelo lwangexesha ngexesha lokuthengisa oluphezulu, amashishini oomatshini bezolimo angasentla amkela imo yemveliso edibanisa imveliso esekwe kwintengiso kunye nestocking ephakathi. Ngokutsho kwamava oshishino kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha yolwazi lwemarike, inkampani iqikelela imeko yokuthengisa kunyaka ozayo, idibanisa kunye nomthamo wentengiso yeemveliso zenkampani kulo nyaka, kwaye iqulunqe iinjongo zokuthengisa kunye nezicwangciso zonyaka olandelayo.
(4) Indlela yokuthengisa
Iindlela zokuthengisa zeemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo zahlulwe ikakhulu zibe ziindidi ezimbini, kubandakanywa ukuhanjiswa okungathengwayo kunye nokuthengiswa kokuthenga. Phakathi kwabo, imowudi yokusabalalisa okungekho ukuthenga ijolise kwimarike yasekhaya, kwaye imodi yokuthengisa yokuthenga ijolise kwimarike yangaphandle.
1) Imowudi yokusasazwa kokungathengwa
Ishishini lisayina iSivumelwano seNkqubo-sikhokelo yoNyaka kunye nomthengisi ukumisela ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano yokusasazwa. Xa abasasazi banezidingo zokuthenga, bangenisa iiodolo kwinkqubo yokuthengisa ishishini. Emva kokuba isebe lezentengiso liqinisekise ubume betyala lomthengisi, linokuyingenisa kwisebe lezemali ukuze liqwalaselwe. Emva kokuba isebe lezemali liqinisekisa ulwazi lwe-akhawunti yomthengisi kunye nokuhlaziya umyalelo, isebe lentengiso lithumela iimveliso kumthengisi kunye neempawu zomthengisi kwiimveliso.
2) Indlela yokuthengisa yokuthenga
Ukuthengiswa kweemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo kwiimarike zangaphandle kuphunyezwa ubukhulu becala ngokuthengwa kweentengiso ngabarhwebi bangaphakathi nabangaphandle.
Izithintelo zokungena kwishishini loomatshini bezolimo
(1) Ukungena kuluhlu lwenkxaso yoomatshini bezolimo kufuna iziqinisekiso ezihambelanayo
Ukusukela ngo-2004, urhulumente waseTshayina unikezele ngenkxaso-mali ngqo kumafama ukuze athenge oomatshini bezolimo abaqukwe kwikhathalogu yenkxaso yesizwe. Oomatshini abafumana inkxaso-mali kunye nezixhobo kufuneka babe ziimveliso ngaphakathi kwendawo yenkxaso yokuthengwa koomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina kwaye kufuneka babenesinye seziqinisekiso zilandelayo: ① Ukufumana isiqinisekiso soVavanyo loomatshini bezoLimo (iSatifikethi sokuVavanywa koomatshini bezoLimo); ② Ukufumana isiqinisekiso esisinyanzelo seemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo; ③ Udweliswe kumda wokulingwa wesiqinisekiso sokuzithandela kunye nokwamkelwa koomatshini bezolimo, kwaye bafumana isatifikethi sesiqinisekiso semveliso yokuzithandela yoomatshini bezolimo. Ke ngoko, ukuba imveliso inokufumana iziqinisekiso ezihambelanayo ibalulekile kumashishini asandula ukungena.
(2) Imiqobo yobugcisa kunye neetalente
Izixhobo zoomatshini bezolimo zinesakhiwo esinzima, iindidi ezininzi, kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka okuphezulu. Iimfuno zemarike zangoku zeemveliso zitshintshile ukusuka "kuLula, ukufikeleleka, kunye nokuqina" ukuya kwicala le-mechatronics kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-hydraulics, iteknoloji yolwazi, kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi kweenzululwazi zebhayoloji. Inqanaba lobugcisa kunye nexabiso elongeziweyo lezixhobo zoomatshini bezolimo liyanda ngokuthe ngcembe. Amashishini oomatshini bezolimo anamanqanaba asezantsi ethekhinoloji kunye neenkqubo zemveliso eziphelelwe lixesha awasakwazi ukufumana inzuzo ekhuphisanayo kwimarike. Ke ngoko, abangeneleli abatsha kwishishini bajongana nemiqobo ephezulu yobugcisa.
Ngeli xesha, i-R&D kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zoomatshini bezolimo kufuna inqanaba eliphezulu kunye namaqela anamava e-R&D kunye nabasebenzi bemveliso. Inkonzo yokuthengisa kunye nokuthengisa emva kweemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo zifuna iitalente eziguquguqukayo ezinezakhono zokuthengisa, izakhono zokulondoloza, kunye nokwazisa ngenkonzo. Ezi talente zingasentla zinqabile ngoku xa kuthelekiswa, kwaye ukulinywa kunye nokuqaliswa kweetalente yenye yeengxaki kwiinkampani ezintsha ezijongene nazo.
(3) Ukusekwa kwenethiwekhi yokuthengisa kunye nenethiwekhi yenkonzo emva kokuthengisa
Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina kuneempawu zokwahlula amagunya kunye nokwahlulahlula, kwaye abasebenzisi baneemfuno eziphezulu zokuthengisa kwangaphambili kunye neenkonzo zasemva kokuthengisa. Ke, iinkampani zeshishini ikakhulu zithengisa ngabasasazi okanye iiarhente. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuseka uthungelwano olubanzi nolubanzi lwentengiso kunye nenkonzo emva kokuthengisa. Amashishini okuvelisa oomatshini bezolimo ahlala efuna ukutyala isixa esikhulu sabasebenzi, izibonelelo zezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nemithombo yezemali kwasekuqaleni ukuseka usasazo olubanzi kunye nenkonzo yothungelwano, kwaye okukhona kukho abathengisi abaninzi, kokukhona kusiba nzima ukulawula. Abangeneli abatsha basoloko bekufumanisa kunzima ukufumana olu ncedo kwixesha elifutshane.
(4) Imiqobo yemali
Ukwenziwa koomatshini bezolimo lishishini elinemali eninzi, kwaye lonke ulwakhiwo lwemigca yemveliso, iR&D yemveliso, kunye nokuphuculwa kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu. Ngeli xesha, imfuno yamaxesha onyaka yezixhobo zoomatshini bezolimo iphezulu, kwaye amashishini oomatshini bezolimo bahlala bejongana noxinzelelo olukhulu lokuhamba kwemali. Ukongeza, indlela yokuthengisa kumashishini oomatshini bezolimo kukuhanjiswa okanye ukuthengiswa kwe-arhente, kwaye abasebenzisi bokugqibela nabo banemfuno eziphezulu zesantya sokuphendula emva kwenkonzo yokuthengisa. Ukuseka nokugcina isikali seentengiso kunye nenkonzo emva kwentengiso yothungelwano kumashishini okuvelisa oomatshini bezolimo nako kufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lwemali. Ngoko ke, kukho imiqobo ephezulu yemali kwishishini.
(5) Imiqobo yenqanaba lolawulo
Amashishini oomatshini bezolimo afuna umgangatho ophezulu wokulawula ukuqinisekisa ulawulo lwe-R&D, imveliso, ukuthenga, ukuthengisa, abasebenzi, kunye nokusekwa kwenkcubeko yequmrhu kwimveliso kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza. Ezi nkqubo zoshishino zingentla ziyakuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo umgangatho, ukusebenza, kunye neendleko zeemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo kwaye ekugqibeleni ziqinisekise ukukhuphisana kwazo kwimarike. Ke ngoko, ukuseka inkqubo yenzululwazi kunye neyolawulo olubanzi kubalulekile kuphuhliso lwexesha elide loshishino lokuvelisa oomatshini bezolimo.
(6) Izithintelo zophawu
Uphawu loomatshini bezolimo olwamkelwa ngokubanzi lubonisa ngokubanzi ukuqokelelwa komgangatho wemveliso yeshishini, inkonzo yasemva kokuthengiswa, inqanaba lolawulo, kunye nemijelo yemarike. Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba iibrendi zoomatshini bezolimo ziseke kwaye zifumane ukuqondwa kwabasebenzisi. Ukongeza kwiindlela zokukhuthaza uphawu lwemveli, okona kubaluleke ngakumbi kukuba abasebenzisi bafumane ukuqondwa ngokubanzi kunye nendumiso yophawu ngeminyaka yokusetyenziswa komntu kunye nelizwi lomlomo. Umgangatho wemveliso, isantya senkonzo, inqanaba lolawulo, kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe zizo zonke izinto ezichaphazela amava omsebenzisi kunye novavanyo. Ke ngoko, ukuqondwa kophawu kuya kuba ngumqobo kubangeneli abatsha kwishishini.
Uhlalutyo lwekhonkco loshishino kwishishini loomatshini bezolimo
Ikhonkco loshishino loomatshini bezolimo ikakhulu libandakanya ababoneleli abaphezulu bemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye namalungu, ababoneleli abaphakathi boomatshini bolimo abapheleleyo, ababoneleli bejelo lokuhambisa ezantsi, kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela boomatshini bezolimo.
Umphezulu wekhonkco loshishino lokuvelisa oomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina ubandakanya abathengisi bezinto ezikrwada (intsimbi, isinyithi, isinyithi esingeyoron, irabha, njl.njl.) kunye nabavelisi bamacandelo (iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, iibheringi, amatayara, iziqhoboshi, njl. njl.). Ngokumalunga nemathiriyeli ekrwada, intsimbi, kunye neentsimbi ezingezizo intsimbi zizinto ezisetyenziswayo zokwenza iimveliso zoomatshini bezolimo. Ngenxa yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lentsimbi yaseTshayina, unikezelo lwezinto ezikrwada kushishino loomatshini bezolimo lukwabonisa umkhwa ozinzileyo, ongachatshazelwa kangako yimiba yexabiso. Ngokubhekiselele kumacandelo, inqanaba lobugcisa lamacandelo asemgangathweni kunye neengxenye zomatshini e-China ziphuculwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inkqubo yoshishino olubanzi luye lwaqulunqwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ezi nxalenye kunye namacandelo afunekayo kushishino oomatshini bezolimo baye baba sisikali semizi-mveliso e-China, kwaye kwakukho iinkampani ezininzi zeshishini ezikhoyo ukuze zikhethwe.
Ubume bomgaqo-nkqubo kushishino loomatshini bezolimo
(1) Inkqubo yolawulo
NgokweziKhokelo zoHlelo lweShishini kwiiNkampani eziLudwe (zihlaziywe ngo-2012), iR&D, imveliso, kunye nokuthengiswa koomatshini bezolimo kunye nezixhobo zohlulwe ngokwamashishini okuvelisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kushishino lwemveliso, kunye nekhowudi yoshishino C35. Ngokutsho koHlelo lwezoShishino loQoqosho lweSizwe (i-GB/T 4754-2017), liphuma “kwiShishini eliKhethekileyo lokuVelisa iziXhobo” kunye nekhowudi yoshishino yeC35.
Amasebe afanelekileyo kumatshini wezolimo othengisiweyo kunye noomatshini bezolimo kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa izixhobo zezityalo liSebe loLawulo lwezoLimo kwiSebe lezoLimo, iSebe loCwangciso loPhuhliso loMphathiswa wezoLimo, kunye neSikhululo soMatshini wezoLimo soMphathiswa wezoLimo. Imibutho efanelekileyo yoshishino yi-China Agricultural Mechanization Association kunye ne-China Agricultural Machinery Circulation Association.
(2) Imigaqo-nkqubo eNxulumeneyo
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso loshishino loomatshini bezolimo, iTshayina ikhuphe ngokulandelelana imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi, efana ne “14th ISicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu soPhuculo lwezoLimo kunye neModernization yaseMaphandleni” liBhunga likarhulumente ngo-2022, eliphumeza ngokuthe ngcembe imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthengwa koomatshini bezolimo, yenze imimandla engama-300 yokubonisa umatshini opheleleyo wemveliso yezityalo, yakha imimandla engama-300 yokubonisa ukulungelelaniswa komatshini wesibonelelo sezolimo kunye nokuguqulwa komatshini omkhulu wezolimo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa komatshini wokulima umhlaba onzulu kunye nokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa komatshini wezolimo onzulu kunye nokukhuthaza ukulima umhlaba onzulu. ukuze kusetyenziswe oomatshini kwimimandla esezintabeni nasezintabeni, nokomeleza ukwakhiwa koomatshini bokulima ukungxamela ukutyala, ukuvuna, nokomisa iinkonzo.
Ukusabela kwikhwelo lesizwe, iphondo ngalinye kunye nesixeko ngasinye sikhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini loomatshini bezolimo. Umzekelo, iTianjin ikhuphe "14th Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu sokuKhuthaza iZolimo kunye neModernization yaseMaphandleni”, ejolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho womatshini wezolimo, ukukhawulezisa inguqu kunye nokuphuculwa komatshini wezolimo, ukukhuthaza umatshini wemveliso yezityalo eziziinkozo ukusuka ekulinyweni, ekutyaleni nasekuvuneni kuyo yonke inkqubo yokukhusela izityalo, ukomisa, kunye nonyango lwengca, kugxininise ekuphuculeni umgangatho obanzi wobuchwephesha bezolimo, imveliso yezilwanyana kunye noqoqosho oluphambili. ukusetyenzwa kokuqala kweemveliso zezolimo, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso olubanzi, olukumgangatho ophezulu kunye nolusebenzayo lobuchwephesha bezolimo kuyo yonke le nkqubo.
Imeko yangoku yoshishino loomatshini bezolimo
Ukusukela ngo-2020, phantsi kwemvelaphi yogxininiso lwaseTshayina kwimveliso yezolimo kunye nokhuseleko lokutya, ishishini loomatshini bezolimo lifumene ukukhula okubonakalayo. Imarike yoomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina iya kuqhubeka isiya kuhlengahlengiso lolwakhiwo. Kwixesha eliphakathi ukuya kwelide, eliqhutywa ngumjikelo ombini, ishishini loomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina lijongene nexesha lamathuba acwangcisiweyo, elineendlela ezintlanu eziphambili kuphuhliso. Eyokuqala kukuba uphuhliso lwesantya esisezantsi lube yinto entsha yesiqhelo. Okwesibini kukuba imfuno yemarike ibonisa ukuhlukana kunye nokwahlula. Okwesithathu kukuba ingxaki yokusetyenziswa koomatshini kwizityalo zoqoqosho iye yabonakala ngakumbi xa amanqanaba okulinywa nokuvunwa kwezityalo eziziinkozo ezithathu ziye zasetyenziswa ngoomatshini. Eyesine kukuhlalisana kwezikhulu kunye nezincinci. Okwesihlanu kukuba ubukrelekrele bomgangatho ophezulu buye baba yeyona ndlela iphambili. Ubungakanani bemarike yokwenziwa koomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina ngo-2022 yi-382.05 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.
Njengelizwe lemveli lezolimo kunye nelona lizwe likhulu elisaphuhlayo emhlabeni, iChina inendawo yophuhliso kwimarike yoomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina. Isivuno esiphezulu sikufanele ukuxhamla kuthotho lwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza oomatshini bezolimo ekhutshwe ngurhulumente waseTshayina kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ephucule imveliso yoomatshini bezolimo. Ukongeza, umhlaba waseTshayina untsonkothile kwaye uhlukene, kwaye imveliso kunye noomatshini bokusebenza kufuneka baziqhelanise neemeko ezahlukeneyo zejografi. Ngenxa yoko, i-China inoluhlu olubanzi lweendidi zoomatshini bezolimo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ixabiso lemveliso yoomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina bathathe indawo kumashishini oomatshini bezolimo behlabathi. Ngo-2021, ixabiso lilonke lemveliso yemveliso yoomatshini bezolimo e-China yayiyi-475.85 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. Ngo-2022, ixabiso lilonke lemveliso yomatshini wokwenza oomatshini e-China lalimalunga ne-501.86 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.
Amathuba kunye nemingeni kwishishini loomatshini bezolimo
Amathuba
(1) Imigaqo-nkqubo yoshishino yoomatshini bezolimo yaseTshayina ikhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China yenze ukusombulula imiba ethi "Ezintathu zasemaphandleni" ibe yinto ephambili yomsebenzi karhulumente, kwaye oomatshini bezolimo basisiseko sezinto eziphathekayo zophuhliso lwezolimo zanamhlanje. Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini kwezolimo luphawu lokuphucula ezolimo.
Ngo-2004, i-China yakhupha “uMthetho weRiphabhliki yaBantu baseTshayina ngokuPhakanyiswa koMatshini wezoLimo”, ukukhuthaza nokuxhasa amafama kunye nemibutho yemveliso yezolimo kunye nokusebenza kwezolimo ukuba basebenzise oomatshini abakwizinga eliphezulu, ukukhuthaza ezolimo ngoomatshini, nokwakha ezolimo zala maxesha. Ngo-2010, iBhunga likaRhulumente likhuphe "Izimvo zeBhunga likaRhulumente ngokuKhuthaza uPhuhliso oluLungileyo nokuKhawuleza koMatshini wezoLimo kunye noShishino loShishino lwezoLimo", liphakamisa "ukukhuthaza ukusekwa kwamaqela amakhulu oshishino kunye namaqela amakhulu oshishino kunye namanqanaba aphezulu okuvelisa kunye nokhuphiswano oluqinileyo, ukuphucula i-industrial-organizational structure, ifom ye-industry-organization structure, ifom ye-industrial-system-instrumentation enkulu kunye ne-medium-industry system kunye ne-medium-industrial-industry system kunye ne-industrial-centralized system. amashishini, kunye nokuphucula ukugxila kwimizi-mveliso kunye necandelo lobuchwephesha labasebenzi kunye nenqanaba lentsebenziswano ”.
Ngo-2018, iBhunga likaRhulumente likhuphe "Iimbono eziKhokelelwayo zeBhunga likarhulumente ngokuKhawuleza uTshintsho kunye noPhuculo lwezoLimo kunye noShishino lwezoLimo lweMishini yezoLimo", ecebisa "ukukhuthaza amashishini amakhulu ukuba atshintshe ukusuka kwimveliso yomatshini omnye ukugqiba ukudibanisa izixhobo, ukuxhasa amashishini amancinci naphakathi ukuba aphuhlise, kunye nokwakha ipateni ekhethekileyo, kwi-industry ekhethekileyo, kwi-industry ekhethekileyo. uphuhliso olulungelelanisiweyo lwamashishini amakhulu namancinci”.
Ukubhengezwa nokuphunyezwa kwale migaqo-nkqubo ingentla yalatha umkhombandlela wophuculo lwezolimo lwasekhaya kwaye kukwabonelele ngemekobume yomgaqo-nkqubo elungileyo yophuhliso lwamashishini oomatshini bezolimo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kobugcisa boomatshini bezolimo.
(2) Imigaqo-nkqubo yoshishino ikhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kwicala lemfuno
Umgaqo-nkqubo wenkxaso-mali yokuthengwa koomatshini bezolimo owaphunyezwa ukususela ngo-2004 uye wadlala indima ethe ngqo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso loshishino lwezolimo lwaseTshayina. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yophuhliso, imali yenkxaso-mali yokuthenga koomatshini belizwe bezolimo inyuke ukusuka kwi-70 yezigidi zeeyuan ngo-2004 ukuya kwi-19.2 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2021 kunye ne-22 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2022. Umda wenkxaso-mali uye wanda ukusuka kwiingingqi ezingama-66 ngo-2004 ukugubungela zonke iindawo zezolimo nemfuyo yaseTshayina) Iindidi zezixhobo zenkxaso zisuka kwiindidi ezili-9 eziphambili kunye nezicandelwana ezili-18 ukuya kwiindidi eziphambili ezili-15 kunye namacandelwana angama-44, phantse aquka oomatshini bemveliso bazo zonke izityalo eziziinkozo. Ngeli xesha, i-China iphumeze umgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elide wokunciphisa irhafu kunye nokukhululwa koomatshini bezolimo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu okhethekileyo kumashishini okuvelisa oomatshini bezolimo, kunye nexabiso lerhafu eyongeziweyo ye-9%. Ukongeza, oorhulumente basekhaya baphumeze iinkxaso-mali ezongezelekayo, izibonelelo zokusebenza, kunye nenkxaso-mali yesiqinisekiso kwiimveliso zoomatshini abakhulu bezolimo. Kwamanye amaphondo kunye nezixeko, izibonelelo ze-GSP zoomatshini bokuvuna umbona ziphunyezwe okokuqala.
Ukuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo ongentla kuyisombulule ubukhulu becala ingxaki yamafama aneenjongo eziqinileyo zokuthenga kodwa bengenawo amandla okuthenga kwaye idlale indima entle ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini loomatshini bezolimo.
(3) Ukunqongophala kwesakhiwo sabasebenzi basemaphandleni kuya kwandisa imfuno yeemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo
Ngenxa yokonyuka okubalulekileyo kwemivuzo yabasebenzi abasuka kwamanye amazwe, okungaphezulu kakhulu kokunyuka kwamaxabiso emveliso yezolimo kunye nenkxaso-mali yesizwe efanelekileyo, uqoqosho olunxulumene nokufama luqhubekile ukuhla kule minyaka yakutsha nje. Iinzuzo zezoqoqosho zokusebenza ezidolophini ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zokulima. Ke ngoko, ukuhanjiswa kwabasebenzi basemaphandleni kumashishini angengawo ezolimo kuyakhawuleza, kwaye isitokhwe sabasebenzi basemaphandleni sihlala sihla ngokuqhubekayo. Ngenxa yexesha elinamandla lemveliso yezolimo, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kubonakala ngakumbi ngexesha lonyaka lokuhlwayela nolokufumana. Ukukhula kokunqongophala okubonakalayo kwabasebenzi basemaphandleni kukhokelele ekunyukeni okuqhubekayo kweendleko zabasebenzi kwimveliso yezolimo.
Ngenxa yokutshintshwa okusebenzayo koomatshini bezolimo kubasebenzi basemaphandleni, iinzuzo zabo kwezoqoqosho ziya kuvela ngokuthe ngcembe. Ke ngoko, ukunqongophala kwesakhiwo sabasebenzi basemaphandleni sisixhobo sangaphakathi sokuqhuba ukukhula kwemfuno ezinzileyo kwimakethi yoomatshini bezolimo.
(4) Ulawulo olumandla omhlaba oluphakathi luya kukhawulezisa ngokungakhethi cala ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bezolimo
Ixesha elide, inkqubo yoxanduva lwekhontrakthi esekelwe kumakhaya kunye nokujikeleziswa okunyiniweyo komhlaba wezolimo kuthintele kakhulu ukubekwa emgangathweni kunye nesikali semveliso yezolimo eTshayina, okukhokelele ekunqongophaleni kwesiseko esisebenzayo sokufikelela kumatshini omkhulu wezolimo kwixesha elidlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kweendleko zabasebenzi kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi kwemveliso yezolimo kukhokelele ekungeneni okukhulu kwabasebenzi basemaphandleni ukuya kwimizi-mveliso engeyiyo eyezolimo. Ukusa kwinqanaba elithile, umba womhlaba ongenamsebenzi uye waqhuba inkqubo yophuhliso lwemveliso yezolimo enkulu eTshayina.
NgoNovemba 2014, i-Ofisi Jikelele yeKomiti ePhakathi yeQela lamaKomanisi laseTshayina kunye ne-Ofisi Jikelele yeBhunga leSizwe lakhupha "Izimvo ngokuKhokela ukuTshintshela ngocwangco lwamaLungelo oLawulo lweMihlaba yaseMaphandleni kunye noPhuhliso oluPhakathi lweSikali sezoLimo Operation", ecebisa "ukukhuthaza iindlela ezintsha zokudluliselwa komhlaba, ukukhulula amalungelo olawulo lomhlaba ohlangeneyo, kunye nokukhuthaza amalungelo olawulo oluhlangeneyo lomhlaba, kunye nokuqokelela imodeli yolawulo lophuhliso oluhlangeneyo, kunye nokukhuthaza imodeli yolawulo oluhlangeneyo lwendlu, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso olululo. ulawulo lweshishini olusekwe kulawulo lwekhontrakthi yasekhaya”.
Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwemisebenzi yezolimo ephakathi, ugxininiso lomhlaba kunye nokunyuka kwemveliso kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bezolimo kwimisebenzi yemveliso kuye kwaba yinto engenakuthintelwa. Nakuphi na ukusetyenziswa koomatshini kwezolimo akuncedi nje ekuphuculeni imveliso yezolimo ngendlela eyiyo kodwa nasekucutheni iindleko zabasebenzi. Ngoko ke, uphuhliso olunzulu lomhlaba kunye nokuveliswa kweendlela zokulawula umhlaba kubonelela ngamathuba amahle okuphuhlisa imboni yoomatshini bezolimo.
(5) Isantya sohlaziyo lwemveliso siyakhawuleza, kwaye utyalo-mali lophando lwezenzululwazi lukazwelonke luyomeleza
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimfuno zabasebenzisi boomatshini bezolimo ziye zatshintsha ngenxa yezinto ezinje ngenkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yoshishino, utshintsho kubume beminyaka yabasebenzisi, ukuthandwa okuphezulu kolwazi lolwazi, kunye nokuqhubeka nzulu kohlengahlengiso lwemizi-mveliso. Imfuno yeemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo kubasebenzisi ayisapheleli kwinqanaba "lokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nokuqina" kodwa ibeke phambili iimfuno eziphezulu kumatshini ophambili, osebenzayo, otofotofo, ogcina amandla, kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo koomatshini. Ke ngoko, isantya sophuculo lwetekhnoloji kunye nohlaziyo lweemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo nazo ziya kukhawuleza kwaye zikhawuleze ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzisi.
Kwi "Yenziwe e-China 2025", oomatshini bezolimo kunye nezixhobo zibandakanyiwe kwiindawo eziphambili zophuhliso lwesizwe. Imisele isalathiso sophuhliso, esithi ” Gxininisa kuphuhliso loomatshini bezolimo abaphambili kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo eziphambili zokuvelisa ukutya okuziinkozo, umqhaphu, ioyile, iswekile, kunye nezityalo ezicwangcisiweyo zezoqoqosho, ezinjengokulima, ukulima, ukutyala, ukulawula, ukuvuna, ukuthutha, kunye nokugcinwa. Inokukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwezixhobo zezolimo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye namacandelo angundoqo afana neetrektara ezinkulu kunye noomatshini abasebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kunye nezivuni ezinkulu nezisebenzayo. Inokuphucula ukuqokelelwa kolwazi, ukwenza izigqibo ngobukrelekrele, kunye nezakhono zokusebenza ezichanekileyo koomatshini bezolimo kunye nezixhobo kwaye ikhuthaze ukusekwa kwemveliso yezolimo ejolise kulwazi Izisombululo ezidibeneyo zolwazi lobuchwephesha. “
Ngo-2017, iSicwangciso seSizwe esiPhambili seR&D sisungule kwaye siphumeze iiprojekthi ezikhethekileyo ezili-17 "zeZixhobo zoomatshini boLimo obukrelekrele", notyalo-mali lulonke lwe-350 yezigidi zeeyuan ukusuka kurhulumente ophakathi, kwaye utyalo-mali kwiprojekthi nganye ludlula i-yuan yezigidi ezili-15. Ukongeza, iSebe lezoLimo liqalise ukwakhiwa kweelabhoratri ezibalulekileyo kunye nezikhululo zovavanyo lwesayensi ngexesha le-13.th Ixesha lesicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu. Iqela loqeqesho "Izixhobo zezoLimo zanamhlanje" longeze iilebhu eziphambili ezintandathu (zengingqi) ezingundoqo, kubandakanywa iLabhoratri ePhambili yobuNjineli boKhuseleko lweZityalo kwiSebe lezoLimo kunye neLabhoratri ePhambili yeZixhobo zoLungiso lweMveliso yezoLimo yoMphathiswa wezoLimo, eyenza inkqubo yelabhoratri yeqela elibandakanya i-1 comprehensive 14 yelebhu yezobuchwephesha, iilebhu eziziintloko ezingundoqo zesayensi, iilebhu eziziintloko ezingundoqo ezine izikhululo zokujonga kunye nezokulinga. Ibonisa ukuba uphando lwenzululwazi utyalo China kwizixhobo koomatshini ukomelela ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngamafutshane, ukukhawuleziswa kokuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuculwa kweemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo, kunye nokwanda kotyalo-mali lophando lwezenzululwazi lwesizwe kwizixhobo zoomatshini bezolimo, kuzise amathuba amatsha okuphuhlisa amashishini okuvelisa oomatshini bezolimo.
mngeni
(1) Ukhuphiswano lwemarike olwandisiweyo kushishino loomatshini bezolimo
Amathuba oshishino ngoomatshini bezolimo maninzi kakhulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amashishini ezixhobo zoomatshini bezolimo nawo anda ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle kokuthontelana kweentlobo ngeentlobo zemali eyinkunzi kushishino loomatshini, ugqaliselo lotyalo-mali olukhulu lusekuphuculeni umthamo wemveliso kunophuhliso lobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye neemveliso. Imveliso ye-homogenization inzima kakhulu, enokuthi iqalise ukhuphiswano oluphantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi. Ukongeza, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini loomatshini bezolimo luzise amathuba kumashishini okuvelisa oomatshini bezolimo kwaye lwatsala noogxa bamazwe angaphandle. Iingxilimbela zokwenziwa koomatshini bamazwe ngamazwe ziye zangena kwimarike yaseTshayina ngokusebenzisa amashishini ahlangeneyo okanye ukuba neshishini lodwa, njengokwakhiwa kweefektri eHarbin yiCase New Holland, ukufunyanwa kweShandong Jinyi nguKras, ukwakhiwa kweefektri eTianjin naseJiamusi nguJohn Deere, kunye nokwakhiwa kweefektri eSuzhou nguKubota waseJapan. Ukungena kwenkunzi yamazwe angaphandle kuye kwaqinisa ngakumbi imeko yokhuphiswano kushishino.
(2) Uphando oluzimeleyo lwaseTshayina kunye nezakhono zophuhliso kufuneka ziphuculwe
Uphuhliso loshishino oomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina lusekelwe ikakhulu kumzekelo wentshayelelo yobuchwepheshe kunye nokulinganisa izinto ezintsha, kunye neemveliso ezibaluleke kakhulu kunye nobuchwepheshe obuxhomekeke kumazwe angaphandle. Uninzi lwamashishini kushishino alunambathisi ukubaluleka ngokwaneleyo kumalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, ukuswela ulwazi lokusungula izinto ezintsha, kwaye athembele kuphela ekuxeliseni. I-homogenization yemveliso inzima kakhulu. Ukongeza, kusekho umsantsa obalulekileyo ekusebenzeni, umgangatho, kunye neendlela zophando kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso eziphezulu kwishishini loomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina xa kuthelekiswa neenkampani ezaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe, kunye nophuculo olongezelelweyo olufunekayo ekubekweni emgangathweni kwemveliso, ukumodareyitha, ukwazisa, kunye nobukrelekrele. Ukuthathela ingqalelo amaxesha kunye nokuqokelelana kophando lwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso, kunzima kumashishini oomatshini bezolimo basekhaya ukuba bafikelele kumashishini okuvelisa oomatshini bezolimo bamazwe ngamazwe kwixesha elifutshane.
Ipateni yokhuphiswano lwemarike yoomatshini bezolimo
Okwangoku, ishishini loomatshini bezolimo behlabathi lenze imeko apho ukhuphiswano olukhulu phakathi kwama-giants kunye nokhuphiswano olukhethekileyo phakathi kwamashishini amancinci naphakathi ahlala kunye. Lilonke, ukuxinana koshishino kubonise ukunyuka okunyukayo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Kwihlabathi jikelele, oomatshini abakhulu abahlanu abaphambili bezolimo baye basekwa kwaye bakhokelwa yiNkampani kaJohn Deere, iCase New Holland Global, iQela leAGCO, iKras Agricultural Machinery Company, kunye neKubota Corporation. Ezi zigebenga zoomatshini bezolimo zikhankanywe ngasentla azinaluhlu olupheleleyo lweemveliso kuphela kodwa ziseke uthungelwano lwentengiso yehlabathi kunye nesiseko semveliso.
Nangona uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini loomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kusekho ukunqongophala kwamashishini amakhulu okuvelisa oomatshini bezolimo abanempembelelo kumazwe ngamazwe. Okwangoku, kukho amashishini amaninzi kwishishini, kodwa uninzi ngamashishini amancinci naphakathi anamandla abuthathaka. Ipatheni yokhuphiswano lweshishini isabonisa uphawu oluncinci noluthe saa. Okwangoku, amashishini aphambili kwimarike yoomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina yiYTO Group, iZoomlion Heavy Technology, iJifeng Technology, iXingguang Agricultural Machinery, kunye neST yoPhando olutsha.
Ukongeza, amashishini oomatshini bezolimo baseTshayina baneempawu ezithile zengingqi, ezisasazwa ikakhulu eShandong, eZhejiang, eHebei, eHenan naseJiangsu. Uncedo olulodwa lwejografi, inkunzi yabucala esebenzayo, notyalo-mali lwangaphandle, isiseko esikhulu semizi-mveliso, kunye nenkxaso eyomeleleyo yamaphondo amahlanu akhankanywe ngasentla kukhokelele ekwandeni okukhawulezileyo kwesikali soshishino, ityathanga lemizi-mveliso elisanda ngokupheleleyo, kunye neziphumo zeqela elinamandla, ezithatha indawo ebaluleke ngakumbi kuphuhliso loshishino loomatshini bezolimo eTshayina.
Iindlela zophuhliso kushishino loomatshini bezolimo
Ngoku, iChina ikwinqanaba elibalulekileyo lophuhliso olukhawulezileyo kushishino, ukwazisa, ukufudukela ezidolophini, kunye nokuphuculwa kwezolimo, ukubonelela ngeemeko ezipheleleyo kunye nendawo yophuhliso ebanzi yoshishino loomatshini bezolimo. Imfuno yasekhaya koomatshini bezolimo isekwixesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Oomatshini bezolimo kunye noshishino lokuvelisa izixhobo e-China kufuneka bafezekise impumelelo ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji entsha, kunye nokuphuculwa kwemveliso, ukuvala izikhewu, kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana okungundoqo njengeyona ndlela iphambili. Kufuneka ikhulise ubume bemizi-mveliso, iphucule inqanaba lenkqubo, inqanaba lolawulo, kunye nomgangatho wemveliso, ifake amandla amatsha kuphuhliso loshishino, kwaye iphumeze umtsi ukusuka kwindlu yamandla yokuvelisa ukuya kwindlu yamandla yokuvelisa. Ngokwembono yehlabathi, indawo yophuhliso lweemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo eTshayina kwixesha elizayo ikakhulu ibandakanya le miba ilandelayo:
1. Ukuphuhlisa oomatshini bezolimo abanamandla amakhulu
Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bezolimo abanamandla aphezulu kuya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho. Ngoku, amandla aphezulu e-STEIGER535 itrektara eveliswe yi-Case Company ifikelele kwi-442 kW (602 hp), iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi yemveliso yezolimo. Ukusebenza kakuhle, ukonga amandla, kunye neempawu ezikrelekrele zoomatshini abatsha zikhokelele kwihlabathi liphela ukuba kukhawuleziswe uphando kunye nophuhliso loomatshini abanamandla aphezulu, kwaye ububanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koomatshini kuyanda.
2. Ukuphuhlisa oomatshini bokuhlakula ngokudibeneyo kunye noomatshini bokukhusela bokulima
Umsebenzi wokulima ngokudibeneyo ubhekisa kumatshini onokugqiba imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye kumsebenzi omnye, ngenzuzo yokunciphisa inani lamangeno omhlaba, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokuphethulwa komhlaba, kunye nokunciphisa ukugangatheka komhlaba. Ukuba umatshini wokusebenza ngokudibeneyo wokulima kunye nokulungiswa komhlaba usetyenziswa, unokugqiba umsebenzi wokulima kunye nokulungiswa komhlaba kwindawo enye yokungena. Umatshini wokuhlakula odityanisiweyo nowohlwayela unokugqiba umsebenzi wokulima, ukulungisa umhlaba, ukuhlwayela, ukuchumisa, kunye nokugalela imichiza yokutshabalalisa izinambuzane ngaxeshanye.
3. Ukuphuhlisa oomatshini bemisebenzi emininzi
Emva kokuguqulwa okulula, umatshini unokugqiba imisebenzi emininzi, enye indlela yophando lwangoku koomatshini bezolimo. Ngokomzekelo, i-German Lemken ye-multifunctional yokulungisa umhlaba kunye ne-seeder yokuchumisa inokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhulula, ukulungiswa komhlaba, ukuchumisa, kunye nezixhobo zokuhlwayela. Kukho indibaniselwano ezininzi, ezivumela umqhubi omnye ukuba agqibezele uhlengahlengiso lomatshini ngexesha elifutshane.
4. Ukuphuhlisa oomatshini kunye nezixhobo zezolimo ezizenzekelayo nezikrelekrele
Iindlela zokusebenza ezizenzekelayo nezikrelekrele yindlela engenakuthintelwa kuphuhliso lwezolimo lwangoku kunye nokhetho oluchanekileyo lokuphuhlisa ezolimo ezisebenzayo, ezonga amanzi kunye nezonga isichumiso. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubuchwephesha obukrelekrele boomatshini bezolimo kumazwe aphuhlileyo buye benza inkqubela ekhawulezileyo. Ngokukodwa kwiziko lezolimo eNetherlands naseJapan, ukulinywa kwe-greenhouse yanamhlanje kusetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye kukho iindidi ezipheleleyo zoomatshini abancinci abanokusebenza kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo.
5. Ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yezixhobo zobugcisa ukuxhasa ezolimo ezichanekileyo
Ukuchaneka kwezolimo kuxhomekeke kumaqonga olwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe be-3S ukulungisa ngokuchanekileyo iimeko zomhlaba kunye nemilinganiselo yolawulo lwezityalo ngokweemeko ezithile zeyunithi nganye yokusebenza entsimini, ukusebenzisa ngokwesayensi amagalelo ezolimo, kunye nokufumana isivuno esiphezulu kunye neenzuzo eziphezulu kwezoqoqosho.
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