Ngaba ucinga ngokuthenga ikhreyini yelori esele isetyenzisiwe kunentsha? Kukho iingqwalasela ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ezinokumisela ukuba ukuthenga i-crane esetyenzisiweyo sisigqibo esineendleko ezifanelekileyo. Eli nqaku lijonga uluhlu kunye nokukhetha kweekhreyini ezisetyenzisiweyo ezixhaphakileyo, kwaye linikezela ngesikhokelo malunga nokuba ungajonga ntoni kunye nendlela yokuhlola i-crane esetyenzisiweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uthenge ngokufanelekileyo.
Isiqulatho
Imarike yetrari yetrari yesibini
Yintoni eyenza ukuba ikhreyini yelori esetyenzisiweyo ithenge ngcono kunentsha?
Ubukho betrari yetrari yesibini
Yintoni omawuyiqwalasele xa ukhangela ikhreyini yelori esetyenzisiweyo
Iingcamango zokugqibela
Imarike yetrari yetrari yesibini
Imakethi yehlabathi yetraki yetraki kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya esihlanganisiweyo sokukhula konyaka (CAGR) ngeenxa zonke 6% ukusuka 2022 ukuya 2025, ukusuka kwixabiso le-2022 ye I-USD 11 yezigidigidi kwixabiso le I-USD 20 yezigidigidi. Oku kukhula kuqhutywa kukwanda kwehlabathi jikelele kwiiprojekthi zokwakha neziseko ezingundoqo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho emva kobhubhani kwenza ukuba abathengi balumke ngakumbi kutyalo-mali oluphezulu koomatshini abatsha, ngakumbi ngenani eliphezulu leeprojekthi ezilibazisekileyo okanye ezirhoxisiweyo, kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu lweendleko kunye nenkunzi ekhoyo encinci. Abavelisi beCrane baye balumka malunga nokunyusa imveliso kunye ne-inventory, ekhokelela kwisitokhwe esitsha esincinci kwimarike.
Ngokubanzi, ezi zinto zisebenza ekugcineni amaxabiso aphezulu eekhreyini ezintsha kwaye zithintele ngakumbi abathengi abatsha. Ke ngoko ukufumaneka kunye nexabiso eliphantsi leekhreyini zelori ezisetyenzisiweyo ibe lukhetho olunomtsalane kwabo bafuna ukuthenga. Isixa semali esongiwe ngokuthenga isandla sesibini siya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimodeli, ubudala kunye neeyure zokusetyenziswa, kunye nemeko iyonke, kunye nendlela umthengisi abeka ngayo ixabiso lesitokhwe sabo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyamkelwa ngokubanzi ukuba oomatshini abatsha balahlekelwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20% ngokubakhupha ngaphandle kwegumbi lokubonisa, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20% ngokusetyenziswa kokuqala kunye nokukrazula. Ke kusengqiqweni ukuqikelela ukuba i-crane yelori enokusetyenziswa kancinci inokuzisa phakathi kwe-20-40% isaphulelo kwixabiso elitsha lomatshini.
Yintoni eyenza ukuba ikhreyini yelori esetyenzisiweyo ithenge ngcono kunentsha?
Iikhreyini zelori zikwakwaziwa njengeekhreyini ezihambayo, iilori ezikhwelayo, iikhreyini ezikhwele kwilori (TMCs), okanye ii-HIABs (igama lobunikazi esele ligama eliqhelekileyo leekhreyini zelori). Bane-crane boom exhonywe kwibhedi yothutho yelori kwaye inokuza ngobukhulu obuninzi, ukusuka kwiilori ezincinci ze-flatbed ukuya kwizithuthi ezinkulu ezinamavili amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo iikhreyini zelori zihlala zihlelwa ngokwesakhono sazo sokuphakamisa kunesayizi yesithuthi, ezineekhreyini ezincinci eziphakamisa ngaphantsi kweetoni ezi-5, kwezo zinokuphakamisa ngaphezulu kweetoni ezili-1200.
Iikhreyini zelori zibonelela nge-advanteji ngaphezu kweekhreyini ezimiselweyo, njengoko zihamba kwaye zinokushenxiswa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka komnye umsebenzi ukuya komnye, ngelixa i-crane esisigxina okanye i-tower crane ithatha ixesha kunye neenzame zokuqhawula kwaye iphinde ihlangane ukuze isuswe. Iikhreyini zelori nazo zinokuthwala imithwalo emincinci ngekhreyini encanyathiselweyo, ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo wetshisi yelori.
Xa kujongwa ezi zibonelelo zeekhreyini zelori, umthengi ojonge ukuthenga imodeli esetyenzisiweyo uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthenga okunokubakho kuneendleko ezifanelekileyo kwaye zombini ilori kunye nekhreyini zisasebenza ngokupheleleyo. Eminye imimandla ephambili ekufuneka uyijongile ibandakanya:
Ukufaneleka kwendlela. Ilori kufuneka isafaneleka ukuba semgwaqweni kwaye ihlangabezane nemigangatho yoqinisekiso loomasipala. Ilori engakhange igcinwe kakuhle nengakwaziyo ukudlula kwisatifikethi sendlela ayisayi kuba yi-crane ehambayo ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelekileyo.
Ukuwohloka. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ebisebenza kuyo ikhreyini yelori, inokubonisa iimpawu zomhlwa, ukonakala, okanye ukulungiswa kakubi kunye nokutshintshwa. Zonke ezi zinokuchaphazela umthamo kunye nokhuseleko lwekhreyini yelori kwaye zinokufuna ukulungiswa okuxabisa kakhulu ukwenza umatshini usebenze ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuphakamisa amandla. IiCranes ziyaguga kwaye ziyaphulukana namandla ehashe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Uxinzelelo olubi lwe-hydraulic, iinxalenye ze-injini ezigugileyo kunye netywina, kunye nokuguga ngokubanzi kwamalungu, zizo zonke izinto ezinokunciphisa amandla okuphakamisa i-crane. Ke ingcaciso yokunyuswa isenokungafumaneki.
nokugcinwa iirekhodi. I-crane yelori egcinwe kakuhle kwaye inakekelwa inokuba nobomi obude kunye nobude. Umnini wangaphambili kufuneka agcine iirekhodi ezilungileyo okanye ikhefu lenkonzo, utshintsho lwe-fluid kunye nesihluzo kunye naluphi na ukulungiswa okukhulu okanye ukutshintshwa.
Ubukho betrari yetrari yesibini
Iicranes zelori zi ihlelwa ngokuphakamisa umthamo, njengomsebenzi olula (ngaphantsi kweetoni ezi-5), umsebenzi ophakathi (phakathi kweetoni ezi-5-15), umsebenzi onzima (phakathi kwe-15-50 yeetoni), kunye nomsebenzi onzima (ngaphezu kweetoni ezingama-50). Ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphantsi kweetoni ezi-5 kukho iilori ezine-crane eyongeziweyo kunye ne-boom eqhutywa ngesandla. Ukusuka phezulu kweetoni ezi-5, i-crane iqhutywe ngokuzimeleyo kwi-cabin ye-crane eyahlukileyo. I-wheelbase kunye nenani lamavili landa ngobunzima, ukusuka kumavili ama-4 kwiinqwelo ezincinci zelori, ukuya kwi-10-12 ivili kwii-cranes ezinzima. Eli candelo lijonga ukhetho lweentlobo, iimpawu kunye namaxabiso eemodeli ezisetyenzisiweyo phantsi kolwahlulo ngalunye.
Umsebenzi olula (ukuya kwiitoni ezi-5)
| imodeli | amandla | Phakamisa uMmandla | Phakamisa Ukuphakama | Ubudala bomatshini | Ixabiso (i-USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bochi | 7.5kw | I-2 itoni | 4m | NA | 20,000 |
| SQ3.2ZK1 | 14kw | I-3.2 itoni | 2m | 2019 | 8,000 |
| SQ3.2ZK1 | 14kw | I-3.2 itoni | 6.7m | 2020 | 15,000 |
Umsebenzi ophakathi (iitoni ezi-5-15)
| imodeli | amandla | Phakamisa uMmandla | Phakamisa Ukuphakama | Ubudala bomatshini | Ixabiso (i-USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Dongfeng EHY5160JSQD | 140kw | I-5 itoni | 12m | 2020 | 20,000 |
| China brand jjs-8T | 64kw | I-8 itoni | 25m | 2020 | 33,000 |
| Isuzu Giga | 30kw | I-12 itoni | 15m | 2018 | 15,300 |
Umsebenzi onzima (iitoni eziyi-15-50)
| imodeli | amandla | Phakamisa uMmandla | Phakamisa Ukuphakama | Ubudala bomatshini | Ixabiso (i-USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kato NK250E | 247kw | I-25 itoni | 35m | 2015 | 31,000 |
| Tadano TG-500E | 260kw | I-50 itoni | 42m | 2018 | 65,000 |
| SANY STC750 | NA | I-50 itoni | 53m | 2016 | 60,000 |
Umsebenzi onzima ngakumbi (ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-50)
| imodeli | amandla | Phakamisa uMmandla | Phakamisa Ukuphakama | Ubudala bomatshini | Ixabiso (i-USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zoomlion 100T | NA | I-100 itoni | 60m | 2018 | 113,000 |
| XCMG QY130K | 162kw | I-130 itoni | 42m | 2009 | 250,000 |
| Liebherr LT1300 | 1850kw | I-300 itoni | 40m | 2012 | 50,000 |
Yintoni omawuyiqwalasele xa ukhangela ikhreyini yelori esetyenzisiweyo
Oomatshini abaninzi abanomsebenzi onzima banokusebenza ngokupheleleyo kunye neendawo ezimbalwa zokutshintshwa kunye nokugcinwa kakuhle, kanti iikhreyini zelori zineenkalo zokhuseleko ezinkulu ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Imozulu kunye nomhlwa, impatho-mbi, okanye ukulungiswa okulambathayo okanye imigangatho yokugcinwa kwayo yonke into inokuchaphazela amandla kunye nokhuseleko lwekhreyini yelori.
Amacandelo amabini amakhulu ekhrane yelori yilori ngokwayo (i-injini, i-chassis, i-cab, i-outriggers, njl njl), kunye ne-crane (ikhebhu esebenzayo, i-turntable, i-booms, intambo yocingo, i-huku, njl njl). Eli candelo liza kujonga into emayihlolwe kula macandelo aphambili kunye namalungu awo ngamanye.
Ukuhlolwa kwelori
Itshisi yelori: I-chassis yelori iya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-crane, kodwa kukho iimeko zelori ezisisiseko ekufuneka uzijonge kwaye ezinye zithe ngqo ngakumbi ekuphatheni i-crane. Amavili, amatayara kunye nee-asi kufuneka zihlolwe ukonakala okanye ukuguga. I-chassis yelori iya kufuneka ithathe ubunzima bekhreyini kunye nazo naziphi na izinto eziphakamisayo, kunye nokuhamba kwaye kukhuselekile ukuqhuba. Zeziphi iimfuno zasekuhlaleni zokufaneleka kwendlela, kwaye ingaba ilori iyahlangabezana neemfuno?
Injini: I-injini iya kufuneka ibe kwimeko entle kwaye isebenze kakuhle. Kufuneka ihambise ibhedi yelori kunye nokuxhonywa kwecrane ngamandla kunye nozinzo. Ngaba i-injini ibonakala icocekile kwaye igcinwe, okanye kukho iimpawu zokuvuza? Ukuvuza kunokuvela kwimibhobho engekho mgangathweni, kunye neegaskets ezaphukileyo okanye ezingafakwanga kakuhle. Iikhreyini zelori ngokuqhelekileyo ziinjini zedizili. Ingaba kukho umsi omhlophe okanye omnyama? Ukuba injini yi-EPA ekhutshwayo eqinisekisiweyo, efana ne-Euro 5 okanye i-Euro 6, khangela ukuba injini isasebenza ngokwemigangatho. Jonga iirekhodi zogcino malunga nokuba ii-oyile, ulwelo kunye nezihluzi zitshintshwe rhoqo, kwaye ngaba kukho naziphi na iindawo eziphambili ezithatyathelwe indawo ngamalungu asemgangathweni?
Ikhabhi yelori: Kwilori ephakathi ukuya kwenkulu, indlwana yomqhubi engundoqo yohlukile kwikhabhi yomsebenzi we-crane. Hlola ikhebhu yomqhubi ukuze ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo. Jonga iigiya kunye neziqhoboshi, izixhobo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba zonke zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Jonga i-tachometer kwaye uyithelekise kwirekhodi yokugcina ukuqinisekisa iiyure zokusebenza kwelori.
Ibhedi yelori kunye nezinto zokubala: Izixhobo ezichaseneyo kwikhreyini yelori zibalulekile ukuvumela ilori kunye nekhreyini ukuba ithwale imithwalo enzima ngaphandle kokuwela ngaphezulu. I-counterweights ifunyenwe ngasemva kwe-crane kwaye umsebenzi wabo kukunciphisa umthwalo onokuthi uphakamise umthwalo we-crane, ukuthintela ilori ukuba ingathambeki kwicala lokunyusa. Ubunzima bongezwa okanye bususwe ukulungiselela umthwalo ophakanyiswayo. Jonga imeko ye-counterweights.
Ii-outriggers kunye ne-hydraulics: Iikhreyini zelori ziphucula uzinzo kunye nee-outriggers. Ii-outriggers zandisa ukusuka kwibhedi yelori zisebenzisa ii-hydraulics, kwaye zibonelela ngozinzo olufuneka kakhulu kwilori ngokwandisa indawo yayo. Khangela ukuba i-outriggers yandisa kwaye ityalwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokuqinileyo. Khangela ukuba barhoxa ngokupheleleyo. Jonga ii-hydraulics kunye nerekhodi yolondolozo. Qwalasela yonke imibhobho kunye nezinto ezifakelweyo ukuba zitywinwe, kwaye akukho phawu lokuvuza.
Ukuhlolwa kweCrane
Ikhebhu yomsebenzi weCrane: Ikhebhu yomsebenzi ihlala ecaleni kwesiseko se-crane, ukusuka apho umsebenzisi alawula khona i-crane. Yenzelwe ukunika umqhubi ukubonakala okuphezulu malunga nelori kunye ne-crane ngelixa uqhuba. Jonga ulawulo, iipaneli zesixhobo, izinto zokuvuya kunye neepedali zeenyawo. Khangela ukuba iifestile zeglasi zicocekile kwaye zibonakala zingasebenzi. Khangela ukuba isihlalo somqhubi asophulwanga kwaye sinohlengahlengiso lwasimahla.
Turntable kunye neebheringi: I-turntable ibamba isiseko se-crane kwaye idibanise nebhedi yelori. I-turntable yenzelwe ukujikeleza ngee-360 degrees, kwaye ithatha ubunzima be-crane boom, i-hook kunye nomthwalo oqhotyoshelweyo. Imele ijike kakuhle ngaphandle kokungalingani okanye ukungazinzi, okanye kusenokubakho ingxaki ngokuthwala ujingi, okuya kuba yindleko enkulu ukuyibuyisela endaweni yayo.
I-Telescopic boom: I-telescopic boom inabela kunye ne-hydraulics enamandla ukusuka kwindawo yayo yokupakisha ukuya kweyona ndawo iphezulu yokufikelela kwecrane. I-boom ibambe obona bunzima bomthwalo. Jonga ukuba inokwandisa kwaye irhoxe kakuhle kwaye ujonge zonke iihydraulics ukuvuza okunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi. Qwalasela onke amacandelo e-boom ngeempawu zobuthathaka okanye zomonakalo, njengokuqhekeka okanye ukulungiswa kwepleyiti edityanisiweyo.
I-Lattice boom: I-lattice boom yinkqubo ye-spars yentsimbi, enika i-boom imbonakalo ye-lattice, kwaye yenzelwe ukusabalalisa ubunzima bomthwalo kwisakhelo. I-Lattice booms zibude obusisigxina, ngelixa ii-telescopic booms ziyilelwe ukwandisa. Khangela ukudibanisa okuphukileyo kwiindawo ezidibeneyo ze-spars, okanye naziphi na iimpawu ze-welding okanye ukulungiswa. Ii-spars ezonakeleyo okanye ezaphukileyo, okanye ukulungiswa kakubi kwe-welding, zonke zinokwenza buthathaka isakhelo se-lattice, zinciphise ubunzima bokuphakamisa ubukhulu kwaye zibangele ukusilela okukhulu.
Jib: Ukuba i-crane ine-attachment ye-jib ekhethiweyo, ukwandisa ukufikelela ngaphaya kobude be-boom, jonga imeko ye-jib kunye nezikhonkwane zokudibanisa kunye ne-lugs. Ukuba i-jib yi-lattice jib, khangela i-framework ye-jib ngendlela efanayo neye-lattice boom.
Izithungu, ibhloko kunye nehuku: Ihuku yenziwe ngentsimbi enzima eyomeleleyo, kwaye inokuza nelatshi yokhuseleko ukuthintela ukutyibilika komthwalo. Khangela ukuba ihuku ikhuselekile kwaye akukho zintanda kwaye i-latch yokhuseleko iyasebenza. Khangela ibhloko kunye nezikhonkwane, kunye nezithungu (iipuli) ngaphakathi kwayo. Khangela ukuba zigqibelele kwaye azitshixwanga okanye azibotshwanga, kwaye zijikeleza ngokukhululekileyo. Kufuneka ziqatywe kakuhle.
Intambo yocingo: Intambo yentsimbi, okanye intambo yocingo, ithatha ubunzima bomthwalo kwi-hook, ngokusebenzisa izithungu kunye ne-boom. Intambo yocingo iphantsi kwemithwalo enzima kunye nokuguga komphezulu, kwaye isengozini yokuba buthathaka kunye nomonakalo ngenxa yokuhlwa. Intambo yocingo kufuneka ijongwe ngononophelo kujongwe iimpawu zomhlwa kunye nemisonto eqhawukileyo okanye eqhawukileyo, kumphezulu nakumaleko anzulu. Intambo ebuthathaka inomngcipheko omkhulu wokuqhawuka kwaye kufuneka itshintshwe.
Iingcamango zokugqibela
Kukho ukhetho olubanzi lweekhreyini zelori ezisetyenzisiweyo kwimarike yesandla sesibini, ukusuka kwimodeli encinci ye-5-10 yeetoni ukuya kumsebenzi onzima we-100 yeetoni nangaphezulu. Kukho imifuziselo emininzi ekhoyo kuluhlu lwe +/- 50 lweetoni, ezibonisa ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo obusetyenziswa kakhulu. Iikhreyini zelori zahlukile kwabanye oomatshini abanzima, njengoko kukho imfuneko eyongezelelweyo yokhuseleko ekuphakamiseni nasekuhambiseni imithwalo enzima. Izinto ezinjengomhlwa zichaphazela icrane ngaphezu kokuba bezinokwenza kwisilayishi okanye ibulldozer, kuba zinokubeka esichengeni imfezeko yebhoom kunye nentambo yocingo kwaye ikhokelele kwiingozi.
Ke ngoko kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukujonga ngokwasemzimbeni imeko yecrane kwaye ungathembeli kwiifoto zodwa. Ngaphambi koku-odola kwi-intanethi, cela iifoto kunye neevidiyo ezininzi ezisondele kakhulu, kunye neekopi ezipheleleyo zeerekhodi zolondolozo. Umthengi unokuvavanya ngokupheleleyo imeko kuphela emva kokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ngoko kuya kuba bubulumko ukukhetha umthengisi onika ulwaneliseko okanye isiqinisekiso sokubuyisela. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokhetho olubanzi lweekhreyini zelori ezisetyenzisiweyo ezikhoyo, jonga i Cooig.com igumbi lokubonisa.
