1. Imvelaphi yophuhliso: ishishini loshicilelo lwe-3D oluqhutywa ngumgaqo-nkqubo lomeleza ukuqalwa kweteknoloji
Xa kujongwa isikali sehlabathi soshishino loshicilelo lwe-3D, iChina ikwindawo yesibini kulwakhiwo lwengingqi yoshicilelo lwehlabathi lwe-3D, ithatha i-17% ngenxa yokuba kumanqanaba okuqala okukhula kunye nokunqongophala kobuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye netalente yokusika. I-China iphumeze uluhlu lwamanyathelo okukhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini loshicilelo lwe-3D. "Iimbono eziKhokelayo ekuKhuthazeni ukuNcitshiswa kwelahleko kunye noPhucuko oluLungileyo kwiNkqubo yeMveliso yezoLimo ngo-2021" iphakamisa ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha obufana nokuveliswa okukrelekrele, i-biotechnology synthesis, kunye noshicilelo lwe-3D ukudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa ibhetshi yesiqulatho sobuchwephesha obuphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zezolimo kunye nokunciphisa izixhobo zemveliso. "Amanqaku aphambili kweZolimo, eziPhandleni, ezeNzululwazi, ezeMfundo, okusiNgqongileyo, kunye noMsebenzi waMandla ngo-2019," ekhutshwe ngo-2019, icebisa ukuba kukhawuleziswe uphando kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bezolimo obukrelekrele njengedatha enkulu, icomputing yamafu, kunye noshicilelo lwe-3D ukwenza izibonelelo ezizimeleyo zokuqamba amasimi asakhulayo.
2. Isimo sophuhliso lwangoku: imimandla yesicelo esezantsi ibanzi, kwaye isikali semarike yoshishino siyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ukutyetyiswa okuqhubekayo kwemathiriyeli ekrwada enyukayo kukhuthaze kakhulu ukwandiswa kwemimandla yesicelo yeshishini loshicilelo lwe-3D kwaye likhuthaze ishishini ukuba landise ukusuka kwintengiso yabathengi ukuya kwimarike yokuvelisa ephezulu. Okwangoku, imimandla yesicelo seshishini loshicilelo lwe-3D yaseTshayina ibandakanya ikakhulu oomatshini bobunjineli, i-aerospace, iimoto, abathengi kunye ne-elektroniki, ezonyango kunye namazinyo, amaziko emfundo, urhulumente & nomkhosi, ukwakhiwa, kunye nabanye. Kumatshini wobunjineli, isikali semarike siye sandiswa ngakumbi. Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa intsingiselo ecacileyo yokunyuka kwisikali semarike yoshicilelo lwe-3D yaseTshayina. Umlinganiselo weemarike wawuyi-9.8 yeebhiliyoni kuphela ze-RMB ngo-2017, kwaye ngo-2021, isikali semarike yoshicilelo lwe-3D sifikelele kwi-26.5 yeebhiliyoni ze-RMB, ukunyuka kwe-16.7 yezigidigidi ze-RMB. Kulindeleke ukuba kugcinwe indlela yokukhula ngo-2022, kunye nesikali semarike sifikelela kwi-34.45 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi.
3. Ubume boshishino: ingeniso yeshishini iyenyuka, kwaye uTyalo-mali lwe-R&D luyomelela
Ukujonga ukuhanjiswa kwamanqanaba okhuphiswano lwamashishini, i-Bright Laser Technologies kunye ne-Shining 3D Tech zikwinqanaba lesibini, kunye nengeniso yokusebenza edlula i-500 yezigidi ze-RMB. Kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala ze-2022, ingeniso ye-Bright yokusebenza yayiyi-520 yezigidi ze-RMB, kwaye i-Shining 3D ingeniso yeshishini eliphambili ifikelele kwi-548 yezigidi ze-RMB. I-Bright lishishini lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu obukhethekileyo kwimveliso yezongezo zesinyithi. Ingeniso yayo ephambili yokusebenza kwimveliso ye-3D yoshishino, kwaye utyalo-mali lwayo lwe-R&D lubonisa indlela eyandayo. Ngo-2021, utyalo-mali lwe-R&D lwenkampani lufikelele kwi-114 yezigidi zeerandi, ezibalelwa kwi-20.69% yengeniso yokusebenza iyonke. I-Shining 3D lishishini lokusungula itekhnoloji elisebenza ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kwesoftware yedijithali ye-3D kunye neteknoloji yehardware esekwe kumbono wekhompyuter. Ushicilelo lwe-3D yenye yeemveliso zalo, kwaye ngo-2021, ingeniso yokusebenza yemveliso yoshicilelo ye-3D yaba malunga ne-8% yengeniso yokusebenza iyonke. Utyalo-mali lwe-R&D lwale nkampani luzizigidi ezili-144 zeerandi, ezibalelwa kuma-25.37% engeniso yokusebenza iyonke.
4. Iindlela zophuhliso: imimandla yesicelo soshishino lwe-3D iyaqhubeka nokwandisa, kwaye uphuhliso oluzinzileyo luyiyona nto iphambili kwishishini.
Kwixesha elizayo, ishishini loshicilelo lehlabathi le-3D lisazokhula kakhulu. Njengoko iChina iqhubeka nokuqhekeza imiqobo yetekhnoloji, ishishini liya kuqhubeka nokukhula kwaye lingene kwixesha loshishino olukhulu. Kukho imfuno emandla yoshicilelo lwesinyithi lwe-3D kwi-aerospace, i-automotive, i-marine, i-nyukliya, kunye nemizi-mveliso yezixhobo zonyango, kwaye isiphelo sesicelo sibonisa ulwando olukhawulezayo. Njengoko ilizwe ngokuthe ngcembe lifaka ukubaluleka kokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, uphuhliso lweshishini luyatshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ukuze luhambelane nemigaqo-nkqubo. Iinjineli kunye nabayili baya kuphinda bacinge ngoyilo kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi bemveliso ukufezekisa ukudityaniswa kolwakhiwo lwamalungu, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye nenkunkuma ngokuvelisa iinxalenye ezikhaphukhaphu ezinemilo yejometri entsonkothileyo, ukunciphisa ngakumbi ubunzima bezithuthi kunye neenqwelomoya, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko abavelisi abaninzi bedlulisela iifayile zedijithali kwimveliso yasekhaya endaweni yokuhambisa iimpahla ngokuthutha ukusuka kwiindawo ezikude, ukuthutha kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, ukunciphisa iindleko, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, inkunkuma kunye nokukhutshwa.
Amagama angundoqo: ushicilelo lwe-3D; Imimandla yesicelo; Ubume boshishino; Iindlela zophuhliso
1. Imvelaphi yophuhliso: ishishini loshicilelo lwe-3D oluqhutywa ngumgaqo-nkqubo lomeleza ukuqalwa kweteknoloji
Ukujonga isikali sehlabathi soshishino loshicilelo lwe-3D, isikali semarike yoshicilelo lwe-3D yehlabathi sifikelele kwi-15.244 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2021. I-United States yabalelwa kwi-40% yesabelo sehlabathi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona ndawo iphambili yoxinaniso kwiinkampani zangoku zoshicilelo lwe-3D. Umzi-mveliso woshicilelo we-3D waseTshayina ukwinqanaba lokuqala lokukhula, kwaye ukunqongophala kobugcisa obuphambili obunxulumeneyo kunye netalente yokusika kuthintela ngokuqatha uphuhliso loshishino loshicilelo lwe-3D yaseTshayina. I-China ikwindawo yesibini kulwakhiwo lwengingqi lweshishini loshicilelo lwe-3D yehlabathi jikelele ngokwezabelo zemarike, ibalwa kwi-17%.
Ngaphantsi kwamaza okwenziwa kwedijithali kwihlabathi jikelele, iirobhothi ezikrelekrele, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye netekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D iyakhula ngokuqhubekayo. Nangona iteknoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D yaseTshayina ineziphene ezithile, kwaye ishishini lisakhula, libonise iingenelo zalo ezizodwa kuyilo lwemveliso, ukuveliswa kweemveliso eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nezikhethekileyo, kunye neenkonzo zomntu. Ke ngoko, i-China iyayiqonda ngokupheleleyo impembelelo enkulu yokwenziwa kobukrelekrele kunye nokuveliswa kwedijithali elizweni, ikhawulezisa uphuhliso lweshishini loshicilelo lwe-3D, kwaye ikhuthaze inguqu yaseTshayina ukusuka “kumandla okuvelisa” ukuya “kwindlu yamandla yokuvelisa.” "Izimvo eziKhokelayo ekuKhuthazeni ukuNcitshiswa kwelahleko kunye noPhucuko oluLungileyo kwiNkqubo yeMveliso yezoLimo ngo-2021" indulule ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa obutsha obufana nokuveliswa okukrelekrele, i-biotechnology synthesis, kunye noshicilelo lwe-3D ukudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa ibhetshi yomxholo wobuchwephesha obuphezulu, ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye nokunciphisa izixhobo zemveliso yezolimo kunye nokunciphisa izixhobo zemveliso. “KwiSicwangciso esiPheleleyo seNkqubo yokuLingwa eBanzi yaseShanghai yoKwandiswa koShishino lokuVulwa kweNkonzo,” urhulumente waseTshayina womeleza umsebenzi weziseko zeenkonzo zedijithali zesizwe zokuthumela ngaphandle. Ikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwamashishini ahamba phambili afana neesekethe ezidibeneyo, inkcubeko yedijithali, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye nokhuseleko lolwazi. Ikwabeka ngokukhutheleyo iindawo ezivelayo ezinje ngoshicilelo lwe-3D kunye nedatha enkulu kwaye ikhawulezisa ukuxinana kweqela lamashishini eenkonzo zedijithali anempembelelo yehlabathi. "Amanqaku aphambili kweZolimo, eziPhandleni, ezeNzululwazi, ezeMfundo, ezeNdalo, kunye noMsebenzi waMandla ngo-2019," ezikhutshwe ngo-2019, zicebise ukukhawulezisa uphando kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bezolimo obukrelekrele njengedatha enkulu, ikhompyuter yefu, kunye noshicilelo lwe-3D ukwenza izibonelelo ezizimeleyo zokuqamba amasimi asakhulayo.
2. Isimo sophuhliso lwangoku: imimandla yesicelo esezantsi ibanzi, kwaye isikali semarike yoshishino siyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ushicilelo lwe-3D, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-additive production, luhlobo lobugcisa bokuchwetheza obukhawulezayo obusebenzisa iifayile zemodeli yedijithali ukwakha izinto ngoshicilelo lwe-layer-by-layer usebenzisa izinto ezinokudityaniswa, ezifana nesinyithi somgubo okanye iplastiki. Ukujonga i-chain chain ye-3D yoshicilelo lweshishini, ishishini elinyukayo libandakanya izinto eziluhlaza, i-hardware engundoqo, izixhobo ezincedisayo, njalo njalo; ishishini eliphakathi ikakhulu libandakanya abavelisi bezixhobo kunye nababoneleli ngenkonzo yoshicilelo lwe-3D; ishishini elisezantsi lisetyenziswa ikakhulu ekwenzeni oomatshini, i-aerospace, izithuthi, unyango, imfundo, umkhosi, inkcubeko, njalo njalo, kunye nezicelo ezikhethekileyo ezibandakanya i-biotechnology, ukutya, i-architecture, kunye noshicilelo lwe-portrait, phakathi kwabanye.
Imathiriyeli yoshicilelo ye-3D licandelo eliphakathi elixhasa ishishini loshicilelo lwe-3D. Ngokwezibalo, izinto zokuprinta ze-3D zahlulwe kakhulu zibe yintsimbi kunye nezixhobo ezingezizo ezentsimbi. Izixhobo zentsimbi zingumgubo ubukhulu becala, ngelixa izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi zibanzi, kubandakanywa iiplastiki zobunjineli, iintlaka zephotosensitive, irabha yokwenziwa, iiseramikhi, kunye nezinye izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi. Iiplastiki zobuNjineli zezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu zoshicilelo lwe-3D ezineempawu ezinjengokumelana nempembelelo, ukuxhathisa ubushushu, kunye nokungagugi. I-resin ye-photosensitive yolwelo inesantya sokunyanga ngokukhawuleza, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye ne-photosensitivity, iyenza isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukuvelisa iindawo ezichanekileyo. Irabha esetyenzisiweyo inamandla afanelekileyo okuqina kwaye ifanelekile ikakhulu kwizixhobo zonyango, ngaphakathi kweemoto, kunye namanye amacandelo. I-Ceramics inozinzo olululo lweekhemikhali kunye nokuxhathisa okuqinileyo ku-corrosion kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-aerospace kunye ne-biotechnology kumashishini.
Ngokutyetyiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinto eziluhlaza, imboni yoshicilelo ye-3D iye yandisa kakhulu indawo yesicelo sayo, ikhuthaza ukwanda kwayo ukusuka kubathengi ukuya kwiimarike zokuvelisa eziphezulu. Okwangoku, iindawo zosetyenziso lweshishini loshicilelo lwe-3D yaseTshayina ikakhulu zibandakanya oomatshini bobunjineli, i-aerospace, iimoto, i-elektroniki yabathengi, ezonyango kunye namazinyo, amaziko emfundo, urhulumente kunye nomkhosi, ukwakhiwa kunye nabanye. Kumatshini wobunjineli, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D ikakhulu kubandakanya itekhnoloji eyongezelelweyo yokuvelisa, ukuhlanganiswa nethekhnoloji ye-CNC, kunye nokutshintsha indlela yokwenziwa koomatshini, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso. Kwi-aerospace, itekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D inokuvelisa ngokukhawuleza iinxalenye ezinzima kunye nokulungisa esele ikhona. Itekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D inokusetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa uyilo lwangaphandle lweemoto kwintsimi yeemoto. Iyakwazi ukuprinta iimodeli ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza ivelise iindawo ezinobunzima kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kwiibhetshi ezincinci.
Uphuhliso lobugcisa boshicilelo lwe-3D luye lwaphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo phantsi kwempembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwamashishini asezantsi, okubangele ukunyuka kwemfuno yezixhobo zoshicilelo ze-3D kunye nokwandisa ngakumbi ubungakanani bemarike yoshishino. Ngokwezibalo, ubungakanani bemarike yoshicilelo lwaseTshayina lwe-3D lubonise indlela ecacileyo yokunyuka. Kwi-2017, ubungakanani bemarike yayiyi-9.8 yezigidigidi kuphela i-RMB, kodwa ngo-2021, ubukhulu bemarike yokushicilela i-3D bufikelele kwi-26.5 yezigidigidi ze-RMB, ukwanda kwe-16.7 yezigidigidi ze-RMB. Kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngo-2022, kwaye ubungakanani beemarike kulindeleke ukuba bufikelele kwi-34.45 yezigidigidi zeerandi. Ngokubhekiselele kwingeniso kwiinkalo ezahlulahlulwe ngo-2021, ingeniso yezixhobo zokuprinta ze-3D zibalwa ngaphezu kwe-50%, zibekwe kuqala. Kuyabonakala ukuba izixhobo ziyinxalenye ephambili yoshishino loshicilelo lwe-3D. Okwesibini, ingeniso evela kwiinkonzo zokuprinta ze-3D zibalelwa kwi-21%, kunye nengeniso yezinto eziphathekayo i-16%.
Ngokukhuthazwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokuthandwa kweteknoloji yoshicilelo lwe-3D, ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo zokuprinta ze-3D zokusetyenziswa komntu zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-Customs yaseChina, inani labashicileli be-3D abathunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-China kwi-2021 yayiyi-2.873 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukwanda kwe-13% xa kuthelekiswa no-2020; umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zika-2022 wawuyi-1.452 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukwanda kwe-25% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo ngo-2021. Xa kujongwa idatha evela kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani labashicileli be-3D abathunyelwa ngaphandle besuka e-China liye landa ngokuqhubekayo. Ukususela kwi-2017 ukuya kwi-2020, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle unyuke ukusuka kwiiyunithi ezingama-656,000 ukuya kwi-2.539 yezigidi zeeyunithi. Njengoko isiseko siqhubeka sikhula, izinga lokukhula lehlile ukusuka kwi-85% ngo-2017 ukuya kwi-42% ngo-2019, emva koko lenyuka laya kuma-77% ngo-2020.
Ngenkxaso eqhubekayo yemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe, ishishini loshicilelo lwe-3D lizuze uphuhliso oluzinzileyo, olukhuthaze ukwanda kwezicelo zelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kushishino loshicilelo lwe-3D. Ukujonga inani lezicelo ze-patent yoshicilelo lwe-3D ukusuka ku-2017 ukuya ku-2020, inani lezicelo ze-patent yoshicilelo lwe-3D e-China laqhubeka likhula, ukusuka kwi-5,718 ngo-2017 ukuya kwi-7,501 ngo-2020. 2021. Ngo-6,618, inani lezicelo zelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza lalikwindlela ehlayo, nge-12 iyonke, ukuncipha kwe-2020 xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka wonke ka-2022.
Qaphela: Idatha ka-2022 ifikelela kuDisemba 7, 2022.
3. Ubume boshishino: ingeniso yeshishini iyanda, kwaye utyalo-mali lwe-R&D luyomelela
Ngo-2021, bekukho iinkampani ezingama-50 kushishino loshicilelo lwe-3D yaseTshayina ezinengeniso yonyaka engaphaya kwe-100 lezigidi zeerandi. Ingeniso yonyaka epheleleyo yezi nkampani ze-50 yayimalunga ne-11 yezigidigidi ze-RMB, xa kuthelekiswa neenkampani ze-32 kuphela ezinengeniso engaphezu kwe-100 yezigidi ze-RMB ngo-2020, ukwanda kwe-56% ngonyaka. Ngokumalunga nokuhanjiswa kwamanqanaba okhuphiswano phakathi kweenkampani, i-Creality 3D Technology, kunye ne-Anycubic Technology zikwinqanaba lokuqala, kunye neengeniso zonyaka ezidlula i-RMB ye-1 yebhiliyoni. Inqanaba lesibini libandakanya i-Bright Laser Technologies, Shining 3D Tech, kunye ne-UnionTech 3D, kunye neengeniso zonyaka ezidlula i-500 yezigidi ze-RMB. Inqanaba lesithathu libandakanya i-Esun Industrial and Goldstone 3D Printing Technology, kunye neengeniso zonyaka ezidlula i-200 yezigidi ze-RMB. Ingabonwa ukuba umahluko kwingeniso phakathi kweenkampani eziphezulu kunye nesibini kunye nesithathu kwinqanaba alibalulekanga. I-Vilory Advanced Materials Technology kunye ne-Aurora Technology zikwinqanaba lesine, kunye neengeniso zonyaka ezidlula i-50 yezigidi ze-RMB.
I-Bright lishishini lobugcisa obuphezulu eligxile kwimveliso yodidi lwentsimbi eyongezelelwayo kwaye iphambili kwinkalo yokwenziwa kwesinyithi edityanisiweyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Inkampani iqhuba uphando kunye nophuhliso, imveliso, kunye nokuthengiswa kwezixhobo zoshicilelo zetsimbi ze-3D, iimveliso ezilungiselelweyo, kunye nentsimbi ye-3D yoshicilelo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada ejikeleze ikhonkco lemveliso yentsimbi. Ikwabonelela abathengi ngentsimbi 3D uyilo inkqubo yoshicilelo kunye nophuhliso kunye neenkonzo zobugcisa ezinxulumene. Ukujonga ingeniso yenkampani ukusuka kwi-2017 ukuya ku-2021, ingeniso ye-Bright yanda ukusuka kwi-220 yezigidi ze-RMB kwi-2017 ukuya kwi-552 yezigidi ze-RMB kwi-2021. Kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala ze-2022, ingeniso yenkampani yayiyi-520 yezigidi ze-RMB. I-Shining 3D Tech lishishini elitsha lobugcisa eligxile kwi-software yedijithali ye-3D echanekileyo kunye ne-hardware esekelwe kumbono wekhompyutha. Iphanda ikakhulu, iphuhlise, ivelise, kwaye ithengise idijithali yamazinyo kunye nezixhobo zokuskena ze-3D kunye nesoftware. Iyonke ingeniso yeShining 3D Tech yayikwindlela enyukayo ukusuka ku-2017 ukuya ku-2021. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhani we-COVID-19, ingeniso yeshishini eliphambili yehla ngo-2020 kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe inyuke yaya kutsho kwi-RMB yezigidi ezingama-567 ngo-2021. Kwikota ezintathu zokuqala zika-2022, eyona ngeniso yeshishini lenkampani yafikelela kwi-RMB yezigidi ezi-548. Ngokuphathelele ushicilelo lwe-3D, abashicileli be-3D bamazinyo ziimveliso zedijithali eziphuhliswe ngokuzimeleyo yinkampani, kwaye ingeniso yayo yehla ukusuka kwi-190 yezigidi ze-RMB ngo-2019 ukuya kwi-46 yezigidi ze-RMB ngo-2021.
Ukujonga umda wengeniso yeenkampani, iBright kunye neShining 3D zombini zibonise indlela enyukayo kuluhlu lwengeniso epheleleyo. Phakathi kwabo, i-Bright's gross profit margin inyuke ukusuka kwi-2017 ukuya kwi-2020, ifikelele kwindawo ephezulu kwiminyaka yamuva kwi-52.72% ngo-2020 ngaphambi kokuba ihle kancinci ukuya kwi-48.23% ngo-2021. ngokuthe ngcembe anda. Ngo-3, i-Shining 51.98D's gross profit margin inyuke yaya kutsho kuma-2018%, inyuke nge-49.17% ukusuka ngo-2019.
Ngokujonga utyalo-mali lwe-R&D lweenkampani, uBright uthobela isikhokelo esicwangcisiweyo sokudityaniswa kweshishini, izifundiswa, kunye nophando kwaye okwangoku uneengenelo ezibalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zokhuphiswano. Ukususela ngo-2017 ukuya ku-2021, utyalo-mali lwe-R&D lwe-Bright lukwimeko yokukhula okuqhubekayo. Ngo-2021, utyalo-mali lwe-R&D lwenkampani lwafikelela kwi-114 yezigidi zeerandi, kubalelwa kwi-20.69% yengeniso yayo iyonke. Ukukhanya kwe-3D kunokuphucula ukwandiswa kunye nokuzinza kwezixhobo zokuprinta ze-3D ngophando oluzimeleyo kunye nophuhliso, olulungele ukuphuculwa kwezakhono ze-R & D ezilandelayo, kunye nokuququzelela ukufakwa kwe-docking yezinto eziluhlaza kunye ne-software njenge-software kunye nokuphuculwa kwemveliso. Utyalo-mali lwayo lwe-R&D lwehlile ngo-2020 ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane kodwa yonyuka yaya kutsho kwi-144 yezigidi zeerandi ngo-2021, ibalelwa kwi-25.37% yengeniso yayo iyonke.
4. Iindlela zophuhliso: imimandla yesicelo soshishino lwe-3D iyaqhubeka nokwandisa, kwaye uphuhliso oluzinzileyo luyiyona nto iphambili kwishishini.
4.1 Imfuno iyaqhubeka ukwanda, kwaye amandla ophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kwishishini loshicilelo lwe-3D likhulu kakhulu.
Njengoko sisazi sonke, ukusungulwa kweteknoloji kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni amashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ishishini loshicilelo lwe-3D. Ngophuhliso lwehlabathi kunye nokukhuthaza itekhnoloji ye-3D, imfuno yemathiriyeli yoshicilelo ye-3D iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ubume obukhethekileyo beteknoloji yoshicilelo lwe-3D kunye nokuxhomekeka kwayo kwizinto eziye zakhokelela ekwandeni kwenani labathathi-nxaxheba beemarike kwishishini lezinto zokushicilela ze-3D kunye nokwanda kweenzuzo zoshishino. Izithintelo zobuchwepheshe kwizinto zokuprinta ze-3D zilindeleke ukuba zinyuke ngakumbi, zibonisa ukuba ishishini lisafuna ukwandisa uphando kunye nophuhliso lotyalo-mali ukuze kwandiswe iindawo zokusetyenziswa kwe-3D yoshicilelo. Ishishini lehlabathi loshicilelo lwe-3D kulindeleke ukuba liqhubeke ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwishumi leminyaka ezayo, kwaye ishishini laseTshayina liza kuqhubeka likhula kwaye lingene kwisigaba esikhulu soshishino njengoko liqhubeka ligqobhoza imiqobo yezobuchwepheshe. Kukho imfuno emandla yoshicilelo lwesinyithi lwe-3D kumashishini afana ne-aerospace, i-automotive, i-shipping, i-nuclear industry, kunye nezixhobo zonyango, kwaye isiphelo sesicelo sibonisa ukunyuka okukhawulezayo. Kwixesha elizayo, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha boshicilelo be-3D kuya kushukuma ukusuka kwimodeli yengqikelelo elula ukuya kukwenza ngokuthe ngqo iindawo ezisebenzayo, kwaye amandla ophuhliso lweshishini mkhulu kakhulu.
4.2 Imveliso ezinzileyo lukhokelo lophuhliso olubalulekileyo kushishino loshicilelo lwe-3D
Ilizwe liye lancamathelisa ukubaluleka okukhulu ekukhuselweni kwendalo kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kwaye ishishini liye latshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ukuthobela umgaqo-nkqubo. Ngaphambili, iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveli zazingafane zithathelwe ingqalelo imiba yokusingqongileyo ngexesha loyilo, kwaye malunga nesinye kwisithathu sokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwakunxulumene nokuveliswa kwemveliso kunye nolungiselelo. Nangona kunjalo, ushicilelo lwe-3D lunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo inkunkuma, ikharbon diokside, kunye nezinye izinto ezikhutshwa lishishini lemveliso. Idityaniswe nokuqaliswa kwangoku kobunzima, kuluncedo ekusebenziseni ishishini le-3D kwiindawo ezinjengeemoto kunye neenqwelomoya. Iinjineli kunye nabayili baya kuphinda bacinge ngoyilo kuyo yonke imveliso yobomi ukuze bafezekise ukudityaniswa kolwakhiwo lwamalungu. Ngokuvelisa iinxalenye ezikhaphukhaphu ezinejometri ezintsonkothileyo, zinokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye nenkunkuma, ukunciphisa ubunzima bezithuthi kunye neenqwelomoya, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko abavelisi abaninzi behambisa iifayile zedijithali kwimveliso yendawo endaweni yokuhambisa iimpahla ngokuthutha umgama omde, ukuthutha kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, ukunciphisa iindleko, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, inkunkuma kunye nokukhutshwa.
Umthombo ovela Iqela loPhando lobuNgcali (chyxx.com)
