1. Iyonke imeko yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle
Isakhelo sokujikeleza ngumatshini osontayo owenza imicu yefibre ibe ngumsonto orhabaxa. Umsebenzi ophambili wesakhelo sokujikeleza kukudrafta kunye nokujija kunye nokujija umsonto orhabaxa ube yifomu ethile ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenzwa kwesakhelo esijikelezayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso loshishino lwesakhelo sokujikeleza kunye nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe baseTshayina, ukuxhomekeka kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kuye kwabancinci. Ukusukela ngo-2020, umyinge wokungeniswa kwezakhelo ezijikelezayo e-China awudlulanga amanani aphindwe kabini, kodwa inani lokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nexabiso liye linyuka unyaka nonyaka.
Ukusukela ngo-2018, zombini umyinge wokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nexabiso lezakhelo ezijikelezayo ezivela e-China bezilokhu zikhula ngokuqhubekayo, ngelixa ubuninzi bokungenisa kunye nexabiso liye lehla ngokukhawuleza. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuSeptemba 2022, inani lokuthumela ngaphandle kweefreyimu ezijikelezayo ezivela e-China yayiziyunithi ze-199, kunye nexabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-18.34 yezigidi ze-USD, ngelixa ubuninzi bokungenisa yayiziyunithi ezi-2 kuphela, ezinexabiso lokungenisa le-620,000 USD.
Ngokomndilili wamaxabiso eyunithi yokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle, i-avareji yexabiso leyunithi yexabiso le-roving frames e-China ingaphezulu komndilili wexabiso leyunithi yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ixabiso lezakhelo zokujikeleza lithande ukubiza kakhulu. Ukusukela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuSeptemba ka-2022, umndilili wexabiso leyunithi yokuthumela ngaphandle yeefreyimu ezijikelezayo ukusuka e-China yayiyi-92,000 USD ngeyunithi nganye, ngelixa ixabiso eliphakathi leyunithi yokungenisa ibiyi-308,800 USD ngeyunithi, nomahluko we-216,600 USD ngeyunithi nganye.
2. Ukucazululwa kokungeniswa nokuthumela ngaphandle
Ngokwekhowudi yesiko laseTshayina, iifreyimu ezijikelezayo e-China zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu: iifreyimu zomqhaphu, iifreyimu zoboya kunye nezinye iifreyimu ezijikelezayo. Ukusuka kwimeko yokuthumela ngaphandle, udidi lwezakhelo zokujikeleza ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka e-China zigxile ikakhulu kwizakhelo zomqhaphu. Ukusukela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuSeptemba ka-2022, ubungakanani bokuthumela ngaphandle kwezakhelo zomqhaphu ezijikelezayo beziyiyunithi ezili-195, ngelixa imiyinge yokuthumela ngaphandle kwezakhelo zoboya kunye nezinye izakhelo ezijikelezayo ibiziyunithi ezi-3 kuphela kunye neyunithi enye, ngokulandelelanayo. Ke ngoko, kunokubonwa ukuba iifreyimu ze-cotton roving yeyona ndawo iphezulu yokuthunyelwa kwesakhelo sokujikeleza sisuka eTshayina.
Ukusuka kwimeko yokungenisa elizweni, ngo-2018, ukungeniswa kweefreyimu ze-roving e-China yayigxile kakhulu kwi-cotton kunye ne-wool roving frames. Ngo-2019, umyinge wokungenisa elizweni kunye nexabiso lezakhelo zomqhaphu zehla kakhulu, kwaye ukungeniswa kweefreyimu zokujikeleza ngoboya kwaba yeyona nto kugxilwe kuyo. Emva kowama-2020, umyinge wokungenisa oomatshini boboya abasonta imisonto erhabaxa nabo behle kakhulu, kwaye ubungakanani bezakhelo ezijikelezayo e-China zaqala ukuthambekela kwinani elinye.
Ngokomndilili wexabiso leyunithi yokuthumela ngaphandle, izakhelo ze-cotton roving zinelona xabiso liphezulu leyunithi yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ukusukela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuSeptemba ka-2022, umndilili wexabiso leyunithi yokuthumela ngaphandle yomqhaphu ifreyim ibiyi-92,600 USD ngeyunithi nganye. Ngokubhekiselele kurhwebo olusuka kumazwe angaphandle, ngokweenkcukacha-manani zesiko laseTshayina, ubungakanani bokungenisa kwezinye kunye nezakhelo zomqhaphu e-China zingu-zero ukusukela ngo-2021. Kuphela izakhelo ezirovingyo zoboya ezisenexabiso elincinci lemfuno yokungenisa elizweni, ukuxhomekeka kukonke ekurhwebeni kumazwe angaphandle kumazwe angaphandle bekuhlehla unyaka nonyaka. Ukusukela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuSeptemba ka-2022, umndilili wexabiso leyunithi yokurhweba ngoboya ibiyi-308,800 USD ngeyunithi, nto leyo ibilunyuko olubalulekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso le-141,600 USD ngeyunithi ngo-2021, ngokunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-218%.
3. Uhlalutyo lweepateni zokungenisa elizweni kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle
Ngokombono wokungenisa kunye nokuthumela iipatheni, ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuSeptemba 2022, ubungakanani bokungenisa kwekotoni kunye nezinye iifreyimu ze-roving e-China yayiyi-0 iyonke, kwaye ukuveliswa kweefreyimu ze-roving ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngoku kunokugqityezelwa ngokuzimeleyo e-China, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Ngokuchasene noko, inani lokuthumela ngaphandle kwezakhelo ze-roving zaseTshayina zonyukile unyaka nonyaka ukusukela ngo-2020. Phakathi kwabo, amazwe athumela ngaphandle aphambili yi-Bangladesh neVietnam. Ukujonga kwiindidi ezithile, kukho amazwe amathathu aphambili athumela ngaphandle kwiifreyimu ze-cotton roving, kunye ne-Bangladesh, iVietnam, kunye neTurkey zibekwe ngokulandelelana kwevolumu yokuthumela ngaphandle, ibalwa kwi-45%, i-32%, kunye ne-14%, ngokulandelanayo. Zonke izakhelo zoboya ezijikelezayo zathunyelwa eVietnam, ngelixa ezinye izakhelo ezijikelezayo zathunyelwa ngaphandle eBangladesh.
Ukusuka kweyona mimandla iphezulu ili-10 yokuthumela ngaphandle kwezakhelo zokujikeleza zaseTshayina ngoluhlu oluphantsi ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya kuSeptemba 2022, kukho imimandla emininzi yokuthumela ngaphandle iifreyimu zomqhaphu ezijikelezayo, kunye namaphondo amane kunye nezixeko ezizezona ndawo ziphambili. Ngokomyalelo wokuthumela umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ukusuka phezulu ukuya phantsi, babeyiPhondo laseShandong, iBeijing, iPhondo laseJiangsu, kunye nePhondo lase-Anhui, i-40%, i-30%, i-28%, kunye ne-2% ngokulandelanayo. Imimandla yokuthumela ngaphandle uboya kunye nezinye izakhelo ezijikelezayo zazingaphantsi, kunye nezakhelo zoboya ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka kwiPhondo laseJiangsu, kunye nezinye izakhelo zokujikeleza zithunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka kwiPhondo laseShandong.
Umthombo ovela Iqela loPhando lobuNgcali (chyxx.com)
