Unomdla wokufunda malunga neziseko zoshicilelo lwe-FDM 3D? Eli nqaku liphonononga imigaqo-siseko ye-teknoloji ye-FDM kwaye ichaza ukuba kutheni iyindlela esebenzayo kunye neendleko ezisebenzayo kwiprototyping ngokukhawuleza. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane ulwazi malunga neteknoloji yoshicilelo lwe-3-dimensional yamva nje ukuze wenze isigqibo esinolwazi xa ujonga iinketho zoshicilelo lwe-3D.
Isiqulatho
Imarike yoshicilelo ye-FDM 3D ekhulayo
Ukuqonda ngokubanzi iteknoloji yoshicilelo lwe-FDM 3D
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kwindlela yoshicilelo ye-FDM 3D
Usetyenziso lwe-FDM 3D yoshicilelo
Imarike yoshicilelo ye-FDM 3D ekhulayo
Imarike yoshicilelo lwe-3D yehlabathi ibixabisa i-US $13.84 ibhiliyoni ngo-2021 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kukhula kwizinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) ye-20.8% phakathi kuka-2020 kunye no-2030. Imarike ikhule ngenxa yotyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kwi-R & D ekushicileleni kwe-3D kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno yezicelo ze-prototyping kwi-automotive, ukhathalelo lwempilo, kunye namashishini okukhusela.
Ukuprintwa kwe-FDM 3D kukhule ekuthandeni kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukonga amashishini ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% kwinkqubo yabo yezixhobo. Ezinye izibonelelo zibandakanya iprototyping ekhawulezayo, ushicilelo olufunwayo, ukuguquguquka koyilo, inkcitho encinci, njalo njalo.
Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde malunga neziseko ze FDM Itekhnoloji ye-3D, iimpawu zayo, kunye neenzuzo zayo ngaphezu kwezinye iindlela zoshicilelo.
Ukuqonda ngokubanzi iteknoloji yoshicilelo lwe-FDM 3D
Yintoni iteknoloji ye-FDM yoshicilelo lwe-3D?
I-Fused deposition modeling (FDM) bubuchule bokwenza okongeziweyo obubandakanya ukukhupha imathiriyeli ngombhobho nokuyidibanisa ukuze ivelise izinto ezimacala-ntathu. Xa kuthelekiswa nekhonkrithi kunye nokutya kwe-3D yoshicilelo, inkqubo ye-FDM esemgangathweni iyahluka kwezinye iindlela zokukhupha izinto eziphathekayo. Isebenzisa i-thermoplastics njengempahla yokutya, ngokuqhelekileyo ikwimo yeefilaments okanye iipellets.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-FDM 3D iprinta inyibilikisa izinto ngokutyhala i-polymer-based filament ngokusebenzisa umbhobho oshushu; izinto ke zifakwe kwiqonga lokwakha kwi-2D layers. La maleko ekugqibeleni adibanisa ukwenza amalungu e-3D.
Lilonke, umshicileli we-FDM yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yoshicilelo lwe-3D kwaye iyafikeleleka kwaye iyasebenza. Aba bashicileli balawula imarike yoshicilelo ye-3D kuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa kune-resin 3D abashicileli kwaye ibiza ngaphantsi kunomgubo-osebenza nabo abafana ne-SLS.
Yaziswa nini iteknoloji yeFDM?
Nangona i-FDM okwangoku iyeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu yoshicilelo lwe-3D, ibingebubuchule bokuqala be-3D ukuyilwa. Kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuba amalungelo abenzi be-stereolithography (SLA) kunye ne-selective laser sintering (SLS) bafakwe, uScott Crump wangenisa i-patent yokuqala ye-FDM kwi-1989.
Itekhnoloji ye-FDM yayidume kuphela phakathi kwabasebenzisi abangengabo abarhwebi, njengabafundi kwiYunivesithi yaseBath, ababenomdla ngokuphambili ekudaleni izixhobo zokuziphindaphinda. Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi we-FDM, nangona kunjalo, laphelelwa ngo-2009, kwaye abantu ababengoovulindlela obubuchwephesha baseka iMakerBot Industries ukurhweba nge3D. abashicileli.
Isebenza njani i-FDM 3D yoshicilelo?
An FDM Umshicileli we-3D wenza izinto ngokufaka imathiriyeli yefilament enyibilikisiweyo ngaphezulu kweqonga lokwakha umaleko ngokomaleko de ube unenxalenye epheleleyo. Basebenzisa iifayile zoyilo lwedijithali ezilayishwe kumatshini ukufumana imilinganiselo yomzimba. Aba bashicileli basebenzisa iipolymers ezifana ne-PLA, ABS, PEI, kunye ne-PETG, ezithunyelwa njengemicu ngokusebenzisa umbhobho oshushu.
I-spool ye-thermoplastic filament ilayishwa kumshicileli ukuze uqalise umshicileli. Nje ukuba umlomo wombhobho ufikelele kwiqondo lobushushu elifunekayo, umcu udlula kwintloko ye-extrusion kunye nomlomo.
Le ntloko ye-extrusion idityaniswe nenkqubo ye-axis emithathu kwaye ingahamba ecaleni kwe-X, Y, kunye ne-Z. Umatshini ke emva koko ukhupha imathiriyeli enyibilikisiweyo kwizitendi ezicekethekileyo, zibekwe umaleko kuyilo olumiselwe kwangaphambili. Ekugqibeleni, izinto eziphathekayo ziyaphola kwaye ziqina.
Kuthatha iipasi ezininzi ukugqiba iprojekthi. Iqonga lokwakha liyehla, kwaye umshicileli uqala ukusebenza kuluhlu olulandelayo emva kokugqiba umaleko wangaphambili. Kwabanye oomatshini, intloko ye-extrusion ihla inyuka ide iphele iqhekeza.
Zeziphi iimpawu zoshicilelo lwe-FDM 3D?
Nangona i-FDM 3D abashicileli ziyahluka ngokomgangatho wenxalenye kunye neenkqubo zazo ze-extrusion ngokuxhomekeke kwi-brand kunye nemodeli, iimpawu ezimbalwa ziyahambelana kuwo wonke umshicileli we-FDM.
1. Yakha isantya kunye nobushushu
Phantse zonke iinkqubo ze-FDM zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba batshintshe ubushushu, isantya sokwakha, isantya sokupholisa abalandeli, kunye nobude bomaleko njengoko kufuneka. Ezi ngokuqhelekileyo zimiselwa ngumboneleli wenkonzo yoshicilelo kwaye ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto.
2. Yakha umthamo
Umthamo wokwakha ubhekisa kubungakanani bendawo enokwenziwa ngumshicileli. Umshicileli we-DIY 3D uqhele ukuba nomthamo wokwakha wama-200 x 200 mm, ngelixa umatshini woshishino unokuba nomthamo wokwakha we-1000 x 1000 x 1000 mm. Abasebenzisi kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo umthamo wokwakha womshicileli kunye noyilo olucetywayo phambi kokuba bathenge. Iimodeli ezinkulu, nangona kunjalo, zinokuprintwa zibe ziincinci ezincinci.
3. Ukuncamathelisa umaleko
Kushicilelo lwe-FDM, ukubambelela ngokuqinileyo phakathi kweengqimba ezidiphozithiweyo zenxalenye kubalulekile. Umaleko oshicilelweyo ngaphambili udityaniswe ne-thermoplastic enyibilikisiweyo ethi umshicileli ayikhuphe ngombhobho. Lo mgangatho ukhulula phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu, ukuvumela ukuba udibanise kunye nomgangatho wangaphambili.
Ukongezelela, ukumila kwento etyhidiweyo iyatshintsha ibe yioval njengoko icinezela umaleko obushicilelwe ngaphambili. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni ubude bomgangatho osetyenzisiweyo, iingxenye ze-FDM zihlala zine-wavy surface, kunye neempawu ezincinci ezifana neentambo okanye imingxuma emincinci inokufuna ukuthunyelwa kwe-post-processing.
4. Ukuphakama kweleya
Kumatshini we-FDM, ukuphakama komgangatho kunokuba phakathi kwe-0.02 mm kunye ne-0.4 mm. Iindawo ezigudileyo ziveliswa, kwaye iijiyometri ezigobileyo zibanjwa ngokuchanekileyo ngobude obusezantsi. Kwelinye icala, iindawo zokuprinta ezinobude obuphezulu bomaleko ziyakhawuleza kwaye zingabizi kakhulu. Ubude obuyi-0.2 mm buhlala bulungelelana phakathi kwexesha, ixabiso kunye nomgangatho.
5. Ukungagcwaliswa kunye nobukhulu beqokobhe
Abashicileli be-FDM abavelisi iindawo eziqinileyo ukukhawulezisa ixesha loshicilelo kunye nenkunkuma yemathiriyeli. Endaweni yoko, umshicileli ulanda iperimeter yeqokobhe langaphandle amatyeli aliqela phambi kokugcwalisa ingaphakathi, elaziwa ngokuba kukungagcwaliswa, kunye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi, esinoxinano oluphantsi.
Amandla eenxalenye eziprintiweyo zichongwa ngokuzaliswa kunye nobukhulu begobolondo. Uninzi lwabashicileli be-desktop be-FDM banoxinzelelo olungagqibekanga olungagqibekanga lwe-20% kunye nobukhulu beqokobhe be-1 mm. Oku kubangela ulungelelwaniso olugqibeleleyo lwamandla kunye nesantya soshicilelo olukhawulezayo.
6. Ukujija
I-Warping yenye yezona mpazamo ze-FDM ezixhaphakileyo- xa izinto ezikhutshiweyo ziqina, ziyancipha ngobukhulu. Ngaphaya koko, amacandelo ahlukeneyo enxalenye eprintiweyo ayaphola ngamaxabiso ahlukeneyo, kwaye imilinganiselo yawo itshintsha ngesantya esahlukileyo. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluziswa koku kupholisa kwahlukileyo, umaleko ongaphantsi uhambela phezulu kunye ne-warps.
Kukho, nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela ukulwa. Enye indlela kukubeka esweni ngokusondeleyo ubushushu benkqubo, ngakumbi iqonga lokwakha kunye negumbi. Isinyathelo sesibini kukuphucula ukubambelela phakathi kweqonga lokwakha kunye nenxalenye.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kwindlela yoshicilelo ye-FDM 3D
eziluncedo
ukwenza
- Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela ezifana ne-resin 3D abashicileli, FDM abashicileli inokulinganiswa ngokulula kuyo nayiphi na isayizi, kunye nomda kuphela kukuhamba kwegantry nganye.
- Ngokuphathelele izinto zokushicilela, iifayili ze-FDM zifikeleleke, ngokukodwa xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezifunekayo kwezinye iindlela, ezifana ne-SLS kunye ne-resin printing.
- Xa kuthelekiswa nabakhuphisana nabo, abashicileli beFDM babhetyebhetye ngakumbi. Ngokuphuculwa okumbalwa kunye nokuguqulwa, banokuprinta uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ze-thermoplastic, ezingenakwenzeka ngezinye iindlela apho izinto kufuneka zibe yi-resin okanye i-powder powder.
Umgangatho wokuprinta
- Umshicileli we-FDM uyaguquguquka kwaye unokufaka izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-FDM. Inokwenza iinxalenye ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nembonakalo ngokulula ngokutshintsha uhlobo lwefilament.
- Umgangatho woshicilelo awubhekiseli kuphela kwinkangeleko kodwa nakwindlela yokusebenza kwayo ngoomatshini. Xa kuthelekiswa noshicilelo lwe-3D ye-resin ethambileyo, i-FDM ivelisa iindawo ezomeleleyo nezomeleleyo.
- Abashicileli be-FDM banezinto ezininzi kulo mgangatho woshicilelo unokunikelwa ngenxa yesantya kunye nobuchwephesha, ubenza isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokwenza zombini iindawo ezithandekayo nezisebenzayo.
nezingeloncedo
- Ushicilelo lwe-FDM 3D lufaneleke kakhulu ukuveliswa kwamacandelo amancinci, kodwa iimveliso ezigqityiweyo zinokuba neendawo ezirhabaxa kwaye zifuna ukucwangciswa kwangemva ukuze zibe nokugqitywa okugudileyo.
- Ngenxa yokuba abashicileli be-FDM babeka i-filaments layer by layer, bavame ukuphuka, okubangela ukuba ushicilelo lube yi-anisotropic.
- Ukushicilelwa kwe-FDM kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo zenkxaso, ezinokunyusa iindleko.
Usetyenziso lwe-FDM 3D yoshicilelo
Imodeli yezakhiwo: Abashicileli be-3D basetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza imifuziselo yoyilo kuba bayakhawuleza kwaye banexabiso eliphantsi kuneendlela eziqhelekileyo. Umqulu omnye wefilament unokuvelisa imodeli ezintathu ukuya kwezine, ukonga iindleko.
Ukwenziwa kweemoto: Ukushicilelwa kwe-3D ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukuyila isakhiwo sangaphakathi semoto. Abasebenzisi banokwenza imilinganiselo echanekileyo yokwenziwa kweemoto kusetyenziswa isoftwe ye-3D.
Iimodeli zotyando: i FDM Itekhnoloji ye-3D yenze ukuba oogqirha bakwazi ukucwangcisa ngcono utyando ngokubabonelela ngamalungu angumzekelo wesigulana. Zinesakhiwo esichanekileyo, zinokwenziwa ziqine okanye zibe nomngxuma, kwaye zinokushicilelwa ngeeyure.
