I-IBISWorld ibonelela ngoluhlu lwemilinganiselo ephambili, kubandakanya inzuzo, ye amawaka amashishini kwihlabathi jikelele. Eli nqaku lijolise ekucazululeni umxholo obanzi wohlalutyo lwenzuzo, yintoni enokuthi ithathwe kule nto kunye nendlela uhlalutyo phakathi kwamashishini anokwahluka.
Emva kokusungulwa kwenkampani, enye yeenjongo eziphambili kukwenza inzuzo. Ukuqonda okusisiseko koku, kukuba inkampani ifumane imali engaphezu kwaleyo iyisebenzisayo. Ke ngoko, ukuvavanya ukukhula kweshishini lakho, uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo malunga nenzuzo lubalulekile. Nangona kunjalo, i-nuances ephantsi kweengxelo zemali iya kunika ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nenzuzo yenkampani.
Yintoni uhlalutyo lwenzuzo?
Uhlalutyo lwenzuzo lunceda iinkokeli zoshishino ngokuchonga iindlela zokwandisa inzuzo njengoko inxulumene neeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo, izicwangciso okanye iimveliso. Yinkqubo yokuhlalutya ngokucwangcisiweyo ingeniso evela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zengeniso yeshishini.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, uhlalutyo lwenzuzo lucingelwa ngokungachanekanga ukuba luxhomekeke kuphela kumlinganiselo wenzuzo. Enyanisweni, ixhomekeke kuzo zombini uhlalutyo lwekhwalithi kunye nobuninzi bokuncedisa iinkokeli zoshishino ekuqondeni yonke imbono. Ngelixa uhlalutyo lwenzuzo lunika ingcaciso kwimibuzo emininzi yobungakanani, lukhethekile kuba lunokunceda iinkokeli zoshishino zichonge ukuba yeyiphi imithombo yolwazi eyinyani kwaye inokuthenjwa.
Kutheni uhlalutyo lwenzuzo lubalulekile?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni ukuqonda umgangatho wengeniso yeshishini kubalulekile.
Okokuqala, ukuze inkampani yandise inzuzo, iinkokeli zeshishini kufuneka ziqonde abaqhubi abasemva kweengeniso zabo. Oku kunceda ekudaleni impumelelo kwiinkqubo kunye nemisebenzi yokuvelisa ingeniso. Ngenxa yoko, inyanzelisa ishishini ukuba liqhubeke lifumana iindlela zokunciphisa ii-overheads kunye nezinye iindleko ezichaphazela inzuzo.
Okwesibini, uhlalutyo lwenzuzo lunceda ekuchongeni iindlela zokuphucula imixube yemveliso ukukhulisa inzuzo ekufutshane neyexesha elide. Oku kunceda uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweshishini ngokwenza ukuba abaqhubi basebenze ukuze bavelise iinjongo ezifanelekileyo kwaye bakhangele ukuba oku kuya kuphunyezwa njani na.
Ukukwazi ukuchonga imixube yemveliso yexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide likwaxhasa iqela lolawulo ekumiseleni ukuba zeziphi izilungiso, ukuba zikhona, kufuneka zenziwe kwinkampani.
Isiphumo sohlalutyo lwenzuzo kukukwazi ukubona intengiso yexesha elizayo kunye nokubonelela ngengqiqo malunga neenkcukacha zabathengi, iindawo zejografi kunye neentlobo zemveliso ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukuhlola inzuzo enokwenzeka. Oku kuvumela amashishini ukuba aqaphele inzuzo yemveliso nganye, enokunceda abaqhubi bakhethe ukuphelisa iimveliso ezithile.
Ekugqibeleni, uhlalutyo lwenzuzo luhlolisisa ubudlelwane nabathengi kunye nabathengisi. Oku kuchonga ukuba ngabaphi abathengi abona bantu banengeniso encinci kwaye ngabaphi abathengisi abanempembelelo enkulu kwinzuzo. Oku kubalulekile xa ulinganisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwabathengi kunye nabathengisi.
Imilinganiselo yenzuzo
Umlinganiselo wenzuzo ziimetrics zemali ezisetyenziswa ngabahlalutyi nabatyali-mali ukulinganisa nokuvavanya amandla enkampani ukwenza inzuzo ngokunxulumene nengeniso yayo, ii-asethi zebalance sheet, iindleko zokusebenza kunye nezabelo zabanini-zabelo ngexesha elithile.
Umlinganiselo ophezulu okanye ixabiso lidla ngokunqweneleka kuninzi lwamashishini, njengoko oku ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukuba inkampani iqhuba kakuhle ngokuvelisa ingeniso, inzuzo kunye nokuhamba kwemali. Ulungelelwaniso luluncedo kakhulu xa luhlalutywa xa luthelekiswa noshishino olubanzi apho inkampani isebenza khona okanye xa kuthelekiswa namaxesha angaphambili kumsebenzisi ofanayo.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zomlinganiselo wenzuzo: imilinganiselo yomlinganiselo kunye nembuyekezo. Imilinganiselo yemida imele ukukwazi kweshishini ukuguqula intengiso ibe yinzuzo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo omlinganiselo. Umlinganiselo wembuyekezo umele ukukwazi kweshishini ukwenza imbuyekezo kubaninizabelo balo.
Umda wenzuzo yonke
Umda wengeniso yengeniso ubonisa ingeniso emva kokuthabatha ixabiso lempahla ethengisiweyo ebandakanyeka kwimveliso. Ixabiso lempahla ethengisiweyo sisixa esixabisa inkampani ukuvelisa iimpahla okanye iinkonzo ezithengisayo. Umda we-gross ubonisa indlela ishishini elingenisa ngayo ingeniso kwiindleko ezithe ngqo, ezifana nokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kunye nezinto ezibandakanyekayo ekuveliseni iimveliso kunye neenkonzo.
Umda wenzuzo yokusebenza
Umda wenzuzo yokusebenza uvavanya umvuzo njengepesenti yentengiso phambi kokuba kutsalwe iindleko zenzala kunye nerhafu yengeniso. Amashishini anemida yengeniso yokusebenza ephezulu axhotyiswe ngcono jikelele ekuhlawuleleni iindleko ezizinzileyo kunye nenzala kwizibophelelo, anamathuba angcono okusinda ekudodobaleni koqoqosho kwaye ayakwazi ukunika amaxabiso aphantsi kunabo bakhuphisana nabo abanomda wengeniso esezantsi.
Umda wenzuzo yokusebenza udla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amandla olawulo lweshishini, njengoko ulawulo olulungileyo lunokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ingeniso yeshishini ngokulawula iindleko zalo zokusebenza.
ingeniso yengeniso eshiyekileyo
Umda wengeniso yesambuku ubonelela ngomfanekiso wokugqibela malunga nendlela ishishini elinengeniso ngayo emva kokuba zonke iindleko, kubandakanywa inzala kunye neerhafu, zithathelwe ingqalelo. Isizathu sokusebenzisa i-net profit margin xa uhlalutya inzuzo kukuba ithatha yonke into kwi-akhawunti, kuquka neendleko. Ububi bokusebenzisa umda wengeniso yesambuku kuhlalutyo, kukuba ibandakanya uninzi lwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezinokuthi zilawule umkhwa, njengeendleko zexesha elinye kunye neenzuzo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuthelekisa ukusebenza kweshishini kunye nabo bakhuphisana nabo kwishishini labo.
Umda wokuhamba kwemali
Umyinge wokuqukuqela kwemali ubonakalisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwemali ephumayo yenkampani esuka kwimisebenzi yokusebenza kunye neentengiso (okanye ingeniso). Ilinganisa ukukwazi kweshishini ukuguqula intengiso ibe yimali. Okukhona iphezulu ipesenti yokuhamba kwemali, kokukhona kukho imali eninzi efumanekayo evela kwiintengiso ukuhlawulela ababoneleli, izabelo, izinto eziluncedo kunye namatyala eenkonzo, kunye nokuthenga ii-asethi ezinkulu.
Nangona kunjalo, ukungena kwemali embi, kuthetha ukuba nokuba ishishini livelisa intengiso okanye ingeniso, lisenokuba lilahlekelwa yimali. Kwimeko yenkampani engahambi kakuhle ngemali, inkampani isenokukhetha ukuboleka imali okanye ukunyusa imali kubatyali-mali ukuze igcine ukusebenza kwayo.
Emva kokujonga kwangaphambili inkcazo kunye nokubalwa okusetyenziselwa umda wokuhamba kwemali, ngoku siza kujonga amashishini amabini awohlukeneyo. Imida yemali ekhoyo engqamene neshishini inokufunyanwa ngaphakathi IBISWorld's Ireyishini yezeMali yoShishino.
Ngo-2020-21, i Iinkonzo ezipheleleyo zokutyela ishishini e-UK ibinomda wokuphuma kwemali oyi-11%, ngelixa i Ushishino lweehotele ibe nomyinge wemali ephumayo engaphezulu kwama-28% kulo nyaka mnye. Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo wengeniso uhlala usetyenziswa ngcono xa kuvavanywa ishishini elinye ngokuhamba kwexesha okanye inkampani nganye xa kuthelekiswa neshishini elibanzi.
Ulawulo lokuhamba kwemali lubalulekile ukuba ishishini linqwenela ukuphumelela. Oku kungenxa yokuba rhoqo ukuhamba kwemali eyaneleyo kunciphisa iindleko kwaye kwenza inkampani ithathe ithuba layo nayiphi na inzuzo eyongezelelweyo okanye amathuba okukhula anokuthi avele. Umzekelo, ishishini elinemali ephumayo esempilweni linokuphepha imirhumo yokuhlawula kade, ngelixa likwathatha ithuba lokuthenga ngesaphulelo esikhulu uluhlu lwempahla yomntu okhuphisana naye ukuba liyaphuma ishishini.
Buyela kwimali-mboleko
I-Return on equity (ROE) ichaza ipesenti yengeniso eyintsalela xa kuthelekiswa nezabelo zabanikazi-zabelo okanye izinga lembuyekezo kwinkunzi ebekwe ngabatyali-zimali kwishishini. Umlinganiselo we-ROE ujongwe ngokukodwa ngabahlalutyi beemarike zemasheya kunye nabatyali-mali.
Umlinganiselo ophezulu we-ROE udla ngokuchazwa njengesizathu sokuthenga izabelo okanye ubunini beshishini. Iinkampani ezinembuyekezo ephezulu kwi-equity zihlala zikwazi ukwenza imali ngaphakathi kwaye ngoko ke azixhomekekanga kwimali yetyala.
Buyela kwi-investment capital
Imbuyekezo kwi-investment capital (ROIC) isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kweshishini ekwabeni imali eyinkunzi phantsi kolawulo lwayo kutyalo-mali olunenzuzo. Ikwangumlinganiselo wembuyekezo eveliswa ngabo bonke ababoneleli bemali eyinkunzi, kuquka abanini zabelo kunye nabanini zabelo. Iyafana ne-ROE ratio kodwa ibandakanya yonke into kwi-scope yayo, kuba ibandakanya imbuyekezo eveliswa kwimali eyinkunzi ebonelelwa ngabanini-bhondi. I-ROIC ibonelela ngendlela inkampani esebenzisa ngayo imali eyinkunzi ukwenza inzuzo.
Ububi bokusebenzisa i-ROIC kukuba ayinikezi ukuqonda malunga nokuba yeyiphi icandelo leshishini elivelisa ixabiso. Xa usenza ubalo olusekwe kwingeniso eshiyekileyo kuthatyathwe izahlulo, isiphumo sinokungacaca ngakumbi, kuba imbuyekezo inokuvela kwisiganeko esinye, esingaphindaphindekiyo.
Buyisela kwimali oyisebenzeleyo
Imbuyekezo kwi-capital eqeshiweyo (i-ROCE) yinani lenzuzo elilinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweshishini ekusebenziseni inkunzi yalo ukwenza inzuzo. Ngamanye amazwi, lo mlinganiselo unokunceda ukuqonda ukuba inkampani yenza kakuhle kangakanani na inzuzo kwinkunzi yayo njengoko isetyenziswa.
I-ROCE inokuba luncedo ngakumbi xa uthelekisa ukusebenza kweenkampani kumashishini anengxowankulu, njenge Imveliso yoMbane kwaye Abathwali boNxibelelwano ngeeNcingo amashishini. Oku kungenxa yokuba, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto ezisisiseko ezifana ne-ROE, ehlalutya kuphela inzuzo enxulumene nokulingana kwabanini-zabelo benkampani, i-ROCE iqwalasela ityala kunye nobulungisa. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa uhlalutyo lwendlela yokusebenza kwemali kwiinkampani ezinamatyala amakhulu.
Buyisela kwii-asethi zizonke
Imbuyekezo kwii-asethi zizonke (i-ROTA) ilinganisa ingeniso yeshishini phambi kwenzala kunye neerhafu (EBIT) ngokumalunga nee-asethi zayo zizonke. Ichazwa njengomlinganiselo phakathi kwengeniso eshiyekileyo kunye nee-asethi zomndilili zizonke, okanye isixa-mali semali kunye nengeniso yokusebenza efunyanwa yinkampani kunyaka-mali xa kuthelekiswa nomndilili wetotali yee-asethi zenkampani.
I-ROTA ithathwa njengesalathiso sendlela ngokufanelekileyo ishishini lisebenzisa ngayo ii-asethi zalo ukwenza ingeniso. I-EBIT isetyenziswa endaweni yenzuzo eshiyekileyo ukugcina imetric igxile kwimivuzo yokusebenza ngaphandle kweempembelelo zerhafu okanye umahluko wemali xa kuthelekiswa neshishini lenkampani.
Ngokuya inkulu ingeniso yeshishini ngokwee-asethi zalo, kokukhona ishishini ngokunempumelelo kusithiwa lisebenzisa ii-asethi zalo. I-ROTA ngoko ivumela umbutho ukuba uhlole ubudlelwane phakathi kwemithombo yayo kunye nengeniso yayo.
Ngokwemiqathango yokunciphisa xa usebenzisa i-ROTA, ixabiso le-asethi linokuncipha okanye linyuke ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwimeko yepropati okanye i-real estate, ixabiso le-asethi linokunyuka. Kwelinye icala, uninzi lwezixhobo zeshishini, ezinje ngezithuthi okanye abanye oomatshini, zihla ngexabiso njengoko ukuguga kuchaphazela ixabiso labo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba luncedo kwe-ROTA kunokwahluka phakathi kwamashishini axhomekeke kwii-asethi ezizezakho.
Emva kokujonga ifomyula yeROTA kunye nokuba ibandakanya ntoni na, makhe sijonge amashishini amabini ahlukeneyo. I-ROTA ethe ngqo kwishishini inokufumaneka ngaphakathi IBISWorld's Ireyishini yezeMali yoShishino.
Ngo-2020-21, i Ishishini loLwakhiwo lweNdawo yokuhlala e-UK ibe ne-ROTA ye-23%, ngelixa i Ishishini lokuPapasha amaphephandaba ibene-ROTA yesi-4% kulo nyaka mnye. Ngelixa kukho imida ekusebenziseni i-ROTA, ukuvavanya la manani sinokutsho ukuba ngo-2020-21, ishishini loKwakha iNdawo yokuHlala lisebenzise ii-asethi zalo ngempumelelo ngakumbi kuneshishini lokuPapasha iphephandaba. Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo wengeniso uhlala usetyenziswa ngcono xa kuvavanywa ishishini elinye ngokuhamba kwexesha okanye inkampani nganye xa kuthelekiswa neshishini elibanzi.
Ezinye iindlela zokuhlalutya inzuzo
Ngelixa sigxininise ngokukodwa kwimilinganiselo yenzuzo njengesixhobo esisetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lwenzuzo, kukho ezinye iindlela zokuhlalutya ezifanelwe ukukhankanywa ngokuhloniphekileyo. Ezi ziquka uhlalutyo lwenzuzo yomthengi (CPA) kunye nohlalutyo lomgangatho.
I-CPA ivumela amashishini ukuba amisele inzuzo epheleleyo eyenziwa ngumthengi. Abathengi abanengeniso benza ingeniso enkulu kuneendleko zokufumana kwabo, ukuthengisa kunye nokukhonza. Xa amashishini egxile kakhulu kwiimveliso, amasebe kunye neendawo zeeofisi, ahlala ethanda ukuphulukana nokugxila kubathengi. Ngenxa yoko, la mashishini kaninzi kufuneka athwale iindleko zokugcina abathengi abangenangeniso, nto leyo eyingozi kwinkampani.
I-CPA yenza ukuba iinkampani zivavanye abathengi bazo kwaye zazi ukuba kuyingenelo kangakanani ukuba bagcine abathengi. Ngokusekwe koku, banokugqiba ngeendleko zokubanceda okanye nokuba babagcine njengomthengi. Kuye kwangqinwa ukuba ubungakanani bomthengi abuhambelani ngokuthe ngqo kwinzuzo yakhe. Akuqhelekanga ukuba nabona bathengi bakhulu banokujika bangabinangeniso kwishishini.
Uhlalutyo lobulunga olusetyenziswa phakathi kweeparameters zenzuzo sisixhobo sophando esisetyenziswa ngamashishini ukuhlalutya ixabiso elipheleleyo lombutho ngokusekelwe kwisalathisi esingenakulinganiswa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izikhombisi ezingenakulinganiswa zinokuba lulwazi kwizinto ezingaphakathi kwiziko, ezinjengomjikelo weshishini labo, ubuchule bolawulo, ukuphendula imibuzo, amandla emisebenzi yeshishini, ubudlelwane babasebenzi okanye nokubonakala kwazo kumajelo eendaba.
Uhlalutyo lomgangatho luyahluka kuhlalutyo lobungakanani ngokomlinganiselo. Imilinganiselo yangaphambili yolwazi olungelulo olwamanani, lo gama yamva ilinganisa idatha yamanani efana namanani kwingxelo yengeniso, i-balance sheet okanye i-cash flow statement.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, zombini uhlalutyo lomgangatho kunye nobungakanani luya kusetyenziswa kunye ukuze kuphononongwe ngokubanzi umkhondo weshishini kunye nenokwenzeka, zombini ezi zizalathisi ezibaluleke ngokumangalisayo ezisetyenziselwa ukumisela amathuba otyalo-mali.
Ukusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwenzuzo
Ufikelele esiphelweni. Sivuyisana nawe! Ngoku lixesha lokuba uqale ukubeka uhlalutyo lwenzuzo ekusebenzeni.
Ukuba ufunde nantoni na kwesi sikhokelo, kukuba ezinye iireyishini zenzuzo ziyasikwa kwaye zome ngelixa abanye beza kunye neengcebiso ezimbalwa. Ngamaxesha amaninzi, ukuphonononga uhlalutyo lwenzuzo ngomlinganiselo kuthetha ukujonga icandelo- okanye imigangatho yemigangatho yeshishini ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo malunga nenkampani.
Ivela phi le milinganiselo yenzuzo?
Sikhankanye ireyishini yenzuzo eqhelekileyo kumashishini athile okanye amacandelo, kodwa kukho inani elikhulu lemizi-mveliso kunye nemizi-mveliso engaphantsi phaya, eyenza umahluko omkhulu. Ngethamsanqa i-IBISWorld ikugubungele ngamawakawaka Iingxelo zoPhando kuShishino ezinikezela nge ulungelelwaniso lwemali olungundoqo udinga.
Umthombo ovela IBISWorld
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