Amandla ahlaziyekayo alapha ukuhlala. Ngaphantsi kwesoyikiso esizayo sokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokukhawuleza, abezendalo, abezopolitiko, kunye neenkokheli zoshishino kwihlabathi jikelele baxoxa ngozinzo lwexesha elide, kunye nemarike yamandla avuselelekayo yehlabathi imiselwe ukukhula ukuya phantse. US$2,000 yebhiliyoni ngo-2030.
I-US kuphela imiselwe ukuba I-100% inikwe amandla ngombane ococekileyo ngo-2035. Oku kuyakhuthazwa kufikeleleko olukhulu kumandla ahlaziyekayo, inani eliphezulu lokuseta amashishini, kunye noluntu lweendawo zokuhlala ezenza utshintsho kwiimveliso ezifana iiphaneli zesola.
Njengalo naluphi na utyalo-mali lwexesha elide, ukuqonda okufanelekileyo kwiinketho ezikhoyo kunokunceda ekwenzeni ukhetho olufanelekileyo lokuthenga.
Funda ukuze uqonde ngakumbi malunga nohlobo lwe-N kunye neepaneli zelanga ze-P, ukuze wenze isigqibo esinolwazi malunga nokutyala imali kwixa elizayo.
Isiqulatho
Ziziphi iiphaneli zesola ze-N kunye nohlobo lwe-P?
I-Pros and cons of N-type kunye ne-P-type panels zelanga
Ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo lokuthenga
isiphelo
Ziziphi iiphaneli zesola ze-N kunye nohlobo lwe-P?
Indawo elungileyo yokuqalisa kukuqonda itekhnoloji esisiseko emva kwekristale (c-Si) iiseli zelanga, kunye nomahluko phakathi kohlobo lwe-N kunye nohlobo lwe-P. A (c-Si) iseli yelanga ubukhulu becala yenziwe ngecrystalline wafer yesilicon edityaniswe ngeekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo njengeboron kunye nephosphorus ukushaja iseli kunye nokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwamandla.
Kuhlobo lweseli yelanga ye-P, i-crystalline wafer yesilicon ifakelwe ii-athom ze-boron kwisiseko kunye neeathom ze-phosphorus kumaleko aphezulu ukwenza i-pn (positive-negative) isidibaniso kunye nentlawulo elungileyo iyonke.
Okuchaseneyo kuyinyani kuhlobo lweseli yelanga ye-N, apho i-crystalline wafer yesilicon ifakelwe iiathom ze-phosphorus kwisiseko kunye nee-athom ze-boron kumaleko aphezulu ukwenza isiphambuka se-pn kunye nentlawulo embi iyonke. Ngamagama alula, uhlobo lwe-P luyiseli yelanga echajiwe ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa uhlobo lwe-N luyiseli yelanga ehlawuliswa kakubi.
Iseli yelanga ye-N yaqalwa ngo-1950, kodwa yayiyi-P-type yeseli yelanga eyafumana ingqwalasela yorhwebo kwiminyaka eyalandelayo. Oku kwaba ngenxa yokwanda kokugxilwa kokuphononongwa kwendawo ngela xesha, apho i-P-type iiphaneli zesola kwafunyaniswa ukuba zifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo kwiziphekepheke zombane.
Ukufumaneka ngokulungeleyo kolwazi lobugcisa kwi-P-uhlobo lweseli yelanga kwenze ukuba kube lula ukuvelisa ngokwezoqoqosho kunye nokusabalalisa le mveliso kumlinganiselo omkhulu, ukusetyenziswa emhlabeni.
I-Pros and cons of N-type kunye ne-P-type panels zelanga
Ingaba ezi ntlobo zimbini zeemveliso zithelekiseka njani enye kwenye? Ngaphambi kokungena kwizinto ezilungileyo kunye neengxaki zabo, kuya kunceda ukuqonda intsingiselo yamagama amabini abalulekileyo: i-boron-oxygen defect kunye nokuthotywa kwe-light-induced degradation (LID).
Isiphene se-boron-oksijini sibhekisa kwingxaki efumaneka kwiiseli zelanga ze-P apho, ngokungafaniyo nesithuba esingenayo ioksijini, ioksijini esemhlabeni idibana ne-boron yohlobo lweeseli zelanga ze-P (ezifakwe kwi-boron), zibangele isiphene. Ngenxa yesi siphene, ezi mveliso ziphantsi koxinzelelo olubangelwa ukukhanya (LID) apho ukusebenza kwazo kunokuncitshiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10%.
- IiPros zeP-type panels zelanga: Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ezi ntlobo zeemveliso zixabiso eliphantsi ukwenziwa ngenxa yokufumaneka ngokubanzi kolwazi lobugcisa olunxulumene nazo. Oku, kwenza ukuba iimveliso zibe noqoqosho ngakumbi kubasebenzisi bokugqibela.
- Ii-Cons of P-type panels zelanga: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa ye-LID ebangelwa yi-boron-oxygen defect kwiiseli zelanga ze-P-type, ukusebenza kwazo kuphazamisekile kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo akufumaneki ukuba kudlule i-23.6%. Ngenxa yoko, abavelisi beemveliso banikezela ngeewaranti ezimfutshane zemveliso (ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-12 kuphela).
- IiPros ze-N-type panels zelanga: Ngenxa ye-phosphorus doping kwiiseli zelanga ze-N, akukho mzekelo we-boron-oxygen defect kunye ne-LID ephumela. Ngenxa yoko, ezi ntlobo zeepaneli zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu malunga ne-25.7%. Oku kuvumela abavelisi beemveliso ukuba banike iziqinisekiso eziphezulu (ukuya kwi-15-20 iminyaka).
- Iingxaki zeepaneli zelanga ze-N: Njengoko inzala eyongeziweyo kule teknoloji ibe yinto yamva nje, ezi ntlobo zeepaneli zibiza kakhulu ukwenza, okwenza ukuba kuthengwe kakhulu kubathengi.
Ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo lokuthenga
Ngokutsho koPhando oluPhambili, i Imarike yeeseli zelanga kwihlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ukuya kuthi ga kwi-US $369 yebhiliyoni ngo-2030. Ukusukela ngo-2021, umbutho wophando ubonisa isabelo sobulumko sommandla njenge-48% ye-Asia-Pacific, i-28% yaseYurophu, i-17% yoMntla Melika, i-4% yeLatin America, kunye ne-3% ye-MEA.
Ngaphandle kokwahluka kwisabelo semarike, ubume behlabathi bemfuno ye iiphaneli zesola kuyabonakala. Kwabo basesecingweni, ngoku lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuqala ukutshintshela kule mveliso.
Ulwenza njani ukhetho lokuthenga phakathi kohlobo lwe-P kunye nohlobo lwe-N-uhlobo lwephaneli yeseli yelanga? Indlela ecacileyo iya kuba kukusebenzisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomntu njengesikhokelo. Uhlobo lwe-P iiphaneli zesola zisalawula kwimarike kwaye okwangoku zinoqoqosho ngakumbi kunohlobo lwe-N.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nobomi obude beepaneli zelanga ze-N, kunye nogxininiso olwandisiweyo lweshishini ekuphuhliseni ngakumbi obu buchwepheshe, nazo zibalulekile.
Ngokwe-International Technology Roadmap ye-Photovoltaic yi-VDMA, isabelo sentengiso ye-n-type iiseli zelanga kulindeleke ukuba zonyuke ukusuka I-20% ngo-2022 ukuya kuma-70% ngo-2032. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uhlobo lwe-N lulungele ukunika ukusebenza okungcono kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza, kunye neendleko eziphantsi ezisezantsi kwixesha elizayo elingekude kakhulu.
isiphelo
Nokuba utyala imali iiphaneli zesola okanye iimveliso ezifana iibhetri zelanga, kunceda ukuba nolwazi olusisiseko lwemveliso kunye nolwazi kwiindlela zemarike ezivelayo, kunye nokucaca malunga neemfuno zomntu njengoko zikhokela umthengi ukuba enze izigqibo ezilinganisiweyo kunye nezinolwazi.
Ngelixa ukhetha iphaneli yeseli yelanga, ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ixesha elide lemveliso kunye nemfuno kwixesha elizayo zikwayinto ebalulekileyo yokulinganisa utyalo-mali olude olufana neepaneli zelanga. Kwaye ikamva libonakala leleepaneli zelanga ze-N.
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