Ngomhla wama-29 kuJulayi, ngo-2021 “yayiluSuku lokuThwatyiswa komhlaba”. Yiloo nto apho ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi boluntu kuye kwadlula amandla endalo eplanethi ukuxhasa ubomi unyaka wonke. Kwezi nyanga zintlanu zilandelayo kunye neentsuku ezimbini zika-2021, ilizwe beliboleka ubutyebi balo kwixesha elizayo.1
Kuye kwacaca ukuba isijikelezi-langa asinabo ubuncwane bendalo obufunekayo ukuxhasa ukukhula okungapheliyo. Ukuqaphela ukuba iplanethi inezixhobo ezisikelwe umda kwaye ukuphendula koku kunokubumba inkqubo yokutya yehlabathi kwiminyaka ezayo. Oku kudala amathuba abalulekileyo kwimibutho enokutshintsha imisebenzi yayo kunye nemodeli yeshishini ukuvelisa ukutya ngendlela elungelelanisa imfuno yokutya kunye nendalo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngeyona ndlela ibanzi. Ukuba sisonke siyasilela ukukhathalela indalo, asiyi kukwazi ukuvelisa ukutya esikufunayo ukuze sisebenze njengoluntu.
Siphuhlise iinkqubo zokutya ezintsonkothileyo kwihlabathi kule minyaka ingamashumi amahlanu idlulileyo ukondla abantu abakhula ngokukhawuleza ngexabiso elifikelelekayo kumntu wonke. Kwabaninzi, nangona ingezizo zonke, inkqubo yokutya ihambisa. Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 kunye nokuphazamiseka kokunikezela okuhambelanayo kuqaqambise ubuthathaka benkqubo, ngelixa ukonyuka kwezehlo zemozulu ezigqithisileyo kuye kwacela umngeni ekomeleleni kwabavelisi kwaye kwaqhuba ugxininiso olomeleleyo ekuqinisekiseni izivuno kwixesha elifutshane. Ukusebenzisana kuyo yonke inkqubo yokutya - ukusuka kumafama, abalimi kunye nabalobi ukuya kwiiprosesa, abathengisi kunye nabathengi-kuyafuneka ukuphuhlisa imbono ebanzi yenkqubo yokutya yanamhlanje enokondla abemi behlabathi ngelixa igcina ukulingana nendalo; Inkqubo edibanisa ukutya okulinyiweyo ngokwesiko kunye nokutya kwexesha elizayo, kuveliswa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifana nokulima, iiseli kunye nokuvundisa, ukubonelela ngezondlo eziphezulu. kwaye iyafikeleleka ukutya.
Kutheni 'utyalo-mali kwiplanethi esempilweni' ibalulekile kushishino lokutya
Umsebenzi wamva nje kunye ne IBhunga loShishino lweHlabathi loPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, kusetyenziswa indlela yeKPMG yoVavanyo lweNgcipheko eDynamic kumngcipheko okhoyo kwinkqubo yokutya yehlabathi, iqaqambise ukuba indibaniselwano yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye neziganeko zemozulu zesiganeko esineminye imingcipheko (kubandakanywa ingqwalasela kwiziphumo zexesha elifutshane kwiziphumo zexesha elide zeenkqubo zokulima, ukunciphisa ukwahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuwohloka komgangatho womhlaba kunye nogxininiso oluphambili lwemathiriyeli yomgangatho wokutya kwinjongo yayo ephambili kwimpembelelo yomgangatho wokutya inokuba nefuthe kwinjongo ephambili yokutya) ukondla uluntu. Olu hlahlelo lukwaqaqambise ukuba iinzame zokujolisa kumanyathelo anokunciphisa ifuthe lemozulu kwinkqubo yethu yokutya nokwenza oko ngogxininiso lwexesha elide kunye nokuthathela ingqalelo ngamandla indlela iinkqubo zokufama ezidibana ngayo nendalo zezinye zezona nyathelo zisebenzayo ezinokuthatyathwa lishishini lokutya ukuze liphucule inkqubo kunye nokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukomelela kwezoqoqosho nokusingqongileyo kuyaphucuka. Ngengqiqo esebenzayo, oku kuthetha ukuba imibutho ijonge ukuphonononga ezinye iindlela ezinje:
- ubugcisa obutsha obenza ukuba izivuno ziphuculwe ngelixa kuzanywa ukunciphisa amagalelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkunzi yendalo;
- ukutshintshela kwiindlela ezizinzileyo/ezihlaziyayo zokufama;
- ukususa iinkqubo zokulima kwiigridi kunye nokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo;
- ukutshintshela kumjikelezo wokutya kunye neenkqubo zemveliso yezityalo – ngakumbi uphuhliso lwezisombululo ze-bioproduct ukuze kusetyenziswe i-biomass eveliswa kwezolimo.
Ubukhazikhazi benkqubela phambili
Eyona njongo kukunyusa ukomelela kwenkqubo yokutya yehlabathi ukubonelela ukufikelela kokutya okuphuculweyo kunye nesondlo kubemi behlabathi, ngelixa uqhuba utshintsho lwezinto eziphathekayo kwindlela inkqubo esebenzisana ngayo nendalo. Inkqubela iyaqala ukwenziwa kwezinye iindawo.
Kukho ulwazi oluninzi ngenkunkuma yokutya kunye nendlela enciphisa ngayo ubuncwane beplanethi. Ukutya kuya kumosha kwiindawo ezithile zehlabathi, ngelixa ukungakhuseleki kokutya kuyanda kwezinye. Isidingo somgangatho wehlabathi singxamiseke ngakumbi kutsha nje nabantu abaninzi abasemngciphekweni wokungondleki ngelixa ukutya kuhleli kungavunwa emasimini ngenxa yesiphithiphithi sezopolitiko.
Ukungakhuseleki kwamanzi kukwangumba obalulekileyo, ngabantu abangaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezimbini ngoku abahlala kwimimandla enoxinzelelo lwamanzi. Inkqubo yokutya kwihlabathi jikelele isebenzisa malunga ne-70% yamanzi ahlambulukileyo kwaye icelwa umngeni ukunceda ukunciphisa iimfuno zayo. Kukho isixa esibalulekileyo sophuhliso lwetheknoloji malunga nolawulo lwamanzi alumkileyo-indawo ephambili yotyalo-mali kwinkqubo yokutya.2
Kukwakho neenzame ezikhulayo zokusebenzisa iimveliso ezidibeneyo eziveliswa ekukhuleni kokutya ukuncedisa kwi-decarbonizing uluntu, ukufuna iindlela zokusebenzisa i-biomass. ukuvelisa amandla kunye nokuhambisa ezinye i-bioproducts endaweni yeemveliso ezenziwe ngokwemveli kumafutha efosili. Kukwagxininiswa ngakumbi kubuchule bale mihla, obukhawulezayo bokuzala obunokuvelisa imihlanganiselwa enempembelelo encinci kwindalo kwaye ivelise iimveliso ezisebenzisanayo eziluncedo eluntwini.
Ukuyila inkqubo yesetyhula yangoku yokondla ihlabathi
Iimpawu zenkqubela phambili zibonisa ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba yonke ikhonkco kuyo yonke inkqubo yokutya isebenzisane ngokusebenzayo ukuhambisa izicwangciso kunye nezisombululo ezinokunceda ukudala inkqubo yokutya yanamhlanje, ejikelezayo enika umva kakhulu kwindalo njengoko ithatha.
Ukutshintshela kumjikelezo kwiinkqubo zemveliso (ingakumbi uphuhliso lwezisombululo ze-bioproduct ukuze kusetyenziswe i-biomass eveliswe kwezolimo) sele iqatshelwa kwaye iqwalaselwa kwezinye iinkampani eziphonononga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchule kunye nezisombululo ezintsha.
Ezinye iinkampani, kunye noluntu luphela, lujonge ngokupheleleyo kwizibonelelo ezifumanekayo kwindawo okanye kwingingqi kwaye zifuna iindlela zokunceda ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi kunye nemijelo yenkunkuma. Oku kuquka ukudibanisa oovimba bamanzi, iipaseji zezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, izinto ezikhutshwayo okanye ubushushu obuvela kukulungiswa, imijelo yezondlo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezinto.
Sonke sidlala indima
Ngokwembali, siye satyekela ekwahluleni imiba kwinkqubo yokutya (kunye noxanduva lokuyilungisa) sinombono wokuba 'ushishino lwezolimo luxanduva lwabalimi, urhwebo lolwabathengisi, kwaye imveliso yeyabalungiseleli kunye nabasasazi'. Oku akusenjalo. Ishishini alinakukhetha ukujongana nemiba ethile kwikhonkco lexabiso, ngelixa lingajongani neminye.
Uxanduva kwindalo aluhlali emagxeni alo naliphi na icandelo loshishino lokutya, lusemagxeni eshishini lilonke. Yintoni efunekayo yimbono ebanzi yekhonkco lokutya ukunceda ukufezekisa iplanethi enempilo kunye nabantu abanempilo. Kwaye yonke ikhonkco kwikhonkco ukusuka kwifama ukuya etafileni inendima ebalulekileyo yokudlala.
Kule nkqubo yokutya edibeneyo yehlabathi, amandla abathengi ayanda ngokukhawuleza. Bahlala phakathi, benza inkqubo yokutya ibe "yexabiso lewebhu" kunekhonkco lexabiso. Ngombono wabo okhethekileyo (kunye namandla), abathengi banamandla okuphembelela utshintsho okufuneka lwenzeke kwinqanaba lemisebenzi yasefama kunye nayo yonke indlela ukuya kwizithako abazikhethayo kwitafile yokutya. Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji, abathengi banokubona okwenzekayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuyo yonke inkqubo. Oko kubenza babe nefuthe kwimisebenzi yokuziphatha yabathengisi kunye nenqanaba apho ixabiso ekwabelwana ngalo ngokulinganayo kwikhonkco ngalinye kwikhonkco.
Imiba ejongene neshishini lokutya intsonkothile, kodwa umyalezo ulula: ukuba asiyikhathaleli indalo, ekugqibeleni asinako ukuhoya uluntu lwethu. Kufuneka sityale imali kwiplanethi yethu nakwikamva lethu njengoluntu lwehlabathi ukuba sifuna ukuzondla.
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