I-DDP Incoterms: Isikhokelo esiSebenzayo obungazi ukuba uyasifuna

Amaxesha eeholide kunye neeholide zihlala zibiza imibhiyozo kunye neendibano! Nangona kunjalo ukuseka indibano, nokuba yinto nje eqhelekileyo ekhaya nosapho kunye nabahlobo, kunokudinisa, ngakumbi ukuba kukho inani labantu abazileyo. Ngombulelo, iinkampani zokutya namhlanje ziyakwazi ukuphatha phantse yonke into, ukusuka ekulungiseleleni ukutya ukuya ekucoceni. Akukho kwanto ekufuneka umamkeli wesiganeko akhathazeke ngayo. Ekugqibeleni, mhlawumbi ekuphela kwento umsingathi womsitho ekufuneka eyenzile kukulawula inqanaba lokugqibela lokulungiselela okanye lokongamela unikezelo lokutya kwindawo leyo.

Umgaqo we-DDP (uMsebenzi oNikiweyo) phantsi komgaqo ImiGaqo yoRhwebo yaMazwe ngaMazwe (Incoterms) isebenza ngendlela efanayo kumzekelo wesiganeko esinikwe ngasentla. Ngabathengisi abaphatha phantse yonke into, abathengi babandakanyeka kuphela ngexesha lokugqibela lenkqubo yokuhanjiswa. Funda ukuze ufumane okungakumbi malunga ne-DDP, uxanduva oluphambili kunye nemithwalo yeendleko zombini umthengisi kunye nomthengi ngokwemiqathango ye-DDP, impembelelo yayo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthumela, kunye nexesha lokukhetha i-DDP njengomthengi.

Isiqulatho
1. Ukuqonda ii-Incoterms zeDDP
2. Uxanduva oluphambili kunye nezibophelelo zemali
3. Impembelelo ye-DDP ekuthumeleni nasekukhetheni i-DDP njengomthengi
4. Ukwenza lula umendo womthengi

Ukuqonda iDDP Incoterms

Akukho ukugqithisa ukuchaza inkqubo yokuthumela phantsi kwe-DDP Incoterms njengoko konke malunga nomthengisi ukususela ekubeni umgaqo we-DDP ufuna ukuba umthengisi alawule yonke inkalo yenkqubo yokuhanjiswa kulo lonke uhambo lokuthumela de iimpahla zifike kwindawo echaziweyo yomthengi. Le ndlela yenza i-DDP Incoterm ibe yinkqubo eyenziwe lula kakhulu kubathengi kodwa ibeka ugxininiso olubalulekileyo kwiimbophelelo zomthengisi. Ngeli xesha, i-DDP ingasetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na indlela yothutho, nokuba ngumoya, ulwandle, umhlaba, okanye indibaniselwano yezi ndlela.

Ngokubhekiselele kwimingcipheko kunye nokulungelelaniswa kokuhanjiswa, phantsi kwe-DDP, abathengisi bathwala imingcipheko de iimpahla zilungele ukuthululwa kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Ngamanye amazwi, imingcipheko itshintshela kuphela kubathengi xa iimpahla zifumaneka ukuze zithulwe kwindawo ekuvunyelwene ngayo okanye echazwe. Ekubeni i-DDP ibeka uxanduva oluphezulu kubathengisi kwaye ixhasa ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezininzi, kubalulekile ukuba bobabini umthengisi kunye nomthengi bachaze indawo yonikezelo echanekileyo ukuthintela naziphi na iindleko ezinokubakho kunye nemiba yokwabiwa komngcipheko phakathi kwamaqela omabini.

Uxanduva oluphambili kunye nezibophelelo zemali

Uxanduva lomthengisi kunye nezibophelelo zemali

Njengoko kuboniswe kumfanekiso ongentla kwaye njengoko kuchazwe kwinkcazo ye-DDP, kuyacaca ukuba umthengisi unoxanduva kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwipakethe ukuya kumaxwebhu kunye nokuthutha, kunye neendlela zombini zokuthumela kunye nokungenisa, kubandakanywa zonke iirhafu kunye nemisebenzi ehambelanayo. Ke ngoko, endaweni yokuchaza uxanduva ngalunye kunye nesibophelelo sezemali esithweswe ngabathengisi-nto leyo enokungafuneki kuba iyinkqubo epheleleyo-masigxininise ngakumbi kubungakanani bomthwalo obanzi we-DDP kubathengisi apha.

Okokuqala, uxanduva olubanzi lwabathengisi kwinkqubo yonikezelo lulingana neendleko ezinkulu, kubandakanywa kungekuphela nje zonke iindleko zokuthwala kunye nokuhanjiswa kodwa neendleko ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwempahla. Oku kubandakanya zonke izicelo eziyimfuneko zokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa kwelayisenisi kunye nemirhumo, amanyathelo okhuseleko lokuhamba, kunye nazo naziphi na iinkqubo zokuhlola ukuthunyelwa kwangaphambili kunye neziqinisekiso ezibandakanyekayo. Ukuqukwa kokuhlolwa kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwangaphambili kubonisa ukucokiseka kwemisebenzi yomthengisi, equka inkqubo yokucocwa kwangaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe iinkqubo zesithethe ezisemthethweni.

Okwangoku, ngokubhekiselele kulwabiwo lomngcipheko, ngenxa yolu xanduva lubanzi, umthengisi kufuneka athwale imingcipheko ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na ilahleko enokubakho okanye umonakalo kwimpahla de zihanjiswe. Oku kwenza ukuba i-inshurensi ibe yinto ekhethiweyo yokuzikhethela kubathengisi, nangona i-DDP Incoterms ayifuni ngokucacileyo ukuba abathengisi babonelele nge-inshurensi.

Ngaphaya koko, ngandlel 'ithile, ukhuselo olubanzi lomngcipheko womthengisi kuyo yonke inkqubo yonikezelo lukwabandakanya neendleko ezinokubakho zokothula kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, okoko nje ikhontrakthi yokuthwala ifuna oko. Phantsi kwe-DDP Incoterms, iindleko zokothula kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo ziluxanduva lomthengi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kwisivumelwano somthengisi kunye nomthwali ukuba iindleko zokukhulula kwindawo ekusingwa kuyo ziyakuthwalwa ngumthengisi ngaphandle kwembuyekezo evela kumthengi, ngoko umthengisi kufuneka ahlawule ezi ndleko. Ngokufanayo, abathengisi kufuneka bahlawule yonke eminye imisebenzi enxulumene nokuthotyelwa, kubandakanya nokubonelela ngawo onke amaxwebhu afunwa ngabathengi ukuba bamkele iimpahla.

Uxanduva lomthengi kunye nezibophelelo zemali

Omnye unokucinga ukuba ekubeni abathengisi babamba uxanduva olukhulu phantsi kwe-DDP xa kuthelekiswa nazo zonke ezinye ii-Incoterms ezili-11, akukho nto ingako yokujongana noxanduva lomthengi. Ngelixa le ngxelo inenyaniso ethile, njengoko i-DDP ngokuqinisekileyo iyi-Incoterm ebeka uxanduva lomthengi oluncinci, ayibakhululi ngokupheleleyo abathengi kuzo zonke izibophelelo. Kunokuba bathathe indima yokuqhuba ngokubambisana kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthumela ngenqanawa, abathengi basebenza ngakumbi njengabaququzeleli. Kufuneka bancede abathengisi ngokubonelela ngamaxwebhu axhasayo kunye nolwazi kodwa bangacingeli naluphi na umthwalo wemali okanye umngcipheko ohambelana nenkqubo yokungenisa kunye nokukhutshwa.

Esi sakhiwo soxanduva esicacileyo siqinisekisa ukucaca kwiindima zamaqela omabini ngelixa kugcinwa inzuzo ephambili ye-DDP, oko kukukhusela abathengi kwiingozi ezinokuthi zibekho kunye nokusebenza kunye nokuvumela ukuba bagxininise kwimisebenzi yabo yoshishino engundoqo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga neenkqubo zokulungiselela abanokuthi bangaziqhelanga.

Ngokusisiseko, uxanduva oluphambili lomthengi lulele kwizibophelelo zentlawulo kunye nokuthatha ukuhanjiswa, kubandakanya yonke imisebenzi eyimfuneko yokothula kunye namalungiselelo. Imingcipheko yabo enxulumene nelahleko enokwenzeka okanye umonakalo kwimpahla iqala xa ukuhanjiswa kugqityiwe, kubandakanywa zonke iingozi zasemva kokuhanjiswa ezifana nokuphatha kunye nokugcinwa.

Impembelelo ye-DDP ekuthumeleni nasekukhetheni i-DDP njengomthengi

Impembelelo ye-DDP ekuthumeleni ngenqanawa

Eyona mpembelelo iphawulekayo nebalulekileyo ye-DDP ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokuthumela ngenqanawa kwindawo yekhonkco lokubonelela yindlela ebonelela ngayo ngesisombululo esilungelelanisiweyo nesilula sonikezelo kubathengi. Nangona kunjalo, isisombululo esinjalo kubathengi sasingenakufezekiswa ngaphandle kokuxhamla uxanduva olubanzi kunye nezibophelelo zabathengisi, njengoko umntu ekugqibeleni kufuneka athwale yonke imithwalo yempahla kunye nemali.

Okwangoku, enye impembelelo ekhawulezileyo yomgaqo we-DDP kwimizi-mveliso yokuthumela kunye neyothutho kukuba le Incoterm ethe ngqo nenenzuzo kubathengi ikwanceda ukukhuthaza abo bangenawo amava abanzi kwiinkqubo zolungiselelo kunye norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ngakumbi kumxholo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokungeniswa kwemvume yokungenisa elizweni, ukubandakanyeka ngokukhululekileyo nangokuqinisekileyo kwiintengiselwano zehlabathi.

Ngaphezu koko, ukwanda komthwalo kubathengisi kuthetha ukuba kuphela ngabo banamava kunye nolwazi olukhulu kwiinkqubo zolungiselelo kunye nezithethe abanokubonelela ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bavumelane ngemibandela enjalo nabathengi.

Ukukhetha i-DDP njengomthengi

Ngenxa yokulula kunye nokulula okubonelelwa ngumthetho we-DDP, kulula ukubona ukuba kutheni i-DDP isebenza njengokhetho olunomtsalane, olungenamngcipheko kubathengi, ngakumbi kubarhwebi abatsha okanye abaqalayo abakuxabisa kakhulu ukuntsonkotha okucuthiweyo kunye nokubandakanyeka okuncinci kulungiselelo.

Umgaqo we-DDP nawo uwenza ube luncedo kakhulu ekuqikeleleni iindleko zizonke kwaye emva koko kuphuculwe zonke ezinye izibonelelo zemali zabathengi ukuze kukhule ishishini, njengoko ubuninzi beendleko buthatyathwa ngabathengisi kwaye bugutyungelwe kwisibophelelo sentlawulo sabathengi kubaxhobisi. Nangona kunjalo, abathengi kufuneka baqonde ukuba oko kuncitshiswa koxanduva lwezemali kukwabonisa iindleko ezinokuthi zibe phezulu kumaxabiso acatshulwe ngabathengisi.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba yonke imingcipheko enokwenzeka kunye neendleko zigutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo, abathengisi bakholisa ukonyusa iirhafu njengendlela yokukhusela ukukhusela umdla wabo. Kwangaxeshanye, abathengi kufuneka baqaphele ukulibaziseka okunokubakho okanye iishedyuli ezandisiweyo eziphunyezwe ngabathengisi, njengoko banokukhetha ezona xabiso liphantsi lokukhetha iinqanawa, nto leyo ehlala ithetha ukukhetha iindlela zokuthumela ezicothayo.

Okokugqibela, abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba babandakanyeka kwii-Incoterms ze-DDP kuphela nabathengisi abathe baqinisekisa iirekhodi zomkhondo okanye amandla amiselweyo ekuphatheni yonke inkqubo yolungiselelo ukuya kumazwe asekhaya abathengi. Kuba iinkqubo zokungenisa elizweni zinokwahluka phakathi kwamazwe, kunokuba ngumngeni ngakumbi kubathengisi abangaqhelanga okanye abangenabo ubuchwephesha basekhaya bokulawula iinkqubo ezinjalo, ezinokukhokelela kwiingxaki kunye nokuphazamiseka kokungeniswa kwabathengi.

Ukwenza lula umendo womthengi

I-DDP yi-Incoterm ebeka uxanduva olukhulu kubathengisi kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthumela ngenqanawa, ngelixa abathengi banoxanduva lokukhulula iimpahla kwindawo yokugqibela. Ngaloo ndlela, zonke iimbopheleleko eziphambili kunye nezibophelelo zemali ngexesha lenkqubo-ukusuka kwipakethe ukuya ekubandakanyeni bonke abathwali kunye neendlela zokuthutha, ukuphatha ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nokungenisa imvume yokungenisa impahla, kunye nokulungisa zonke iirhafu kunye nemisebenzi-ziwela phantsi kwemisebenzi kunye noxanduva lwabathengisi.

Lilonke, umthetho we-DDP ubonelela ngesakhelo esivuna abathengi, sikhuthaza ngokungangqalanga ukukhula kunye nokwandiswa kweshishini lokubonelela. Ubukho bomthetho onjalo busebenza njenge-catalyst kubathengi abanamava amancinci okanye abangenawo amava okuthatha inxaxheba kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba abathengi banokugxila kwimisebenzi yabo engundoqo yoshishino ngaphandle kobunzima bokulawula imiba yokulungiselela ukuthunyelwa.

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