Yiba nomfanekiso wakho ulungiselela isiganeko esikhulu. Umntu unokuzama ukwenza yonke into yedwa, ukusuka ekuthumeleni izimemo ukuya ekuhombiseni indawo, kunye nokulungisa ukutya, ngelixa kwangaxeshanye, ukhetho olusebenzayo noluphumlileyo kukuqesha inkampani yolawulo lomnyhadala ukuba iphathe zonke izinto ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni.
Iziko lokuzalisekisa lisebenza kakhulu njengenkampani yesiganeko kulo mzekeliso ungasentla, njengoko inika amashishini isisombululo esibanzi sokulawula uluhlu lwempahla, ukupakisha, kunye nokuthumela, ukugcina inkampani kuzo zonke iingxaki zokusebenza.
Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufumanise ngakumbi ngentsingiselo yokwenyani emva kweziko lokuzaliseka, iimpawu zalo eziphambili, indlela elisebenza ngayo, iingenelo zalo, kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha enye.
Isiqulatho
Yintoni iziko lokuzaliseka
Iimpawu eziphambili zeziko lokuzaliseka
Indlela esisebenza ngayo iziko lokuzaliseka
Ukuqonda izibonelelo kunye nokukhethwa kwamaziko okuzaliseka
Ukuphumelela kunikezelwe
Yintoni iziko lokuzaliseka
Ukuqonda ngokubanzi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye iziko lokuzaliseka, makhe sijonge kwiimbono ezininzi. Ukususela kwi-logistical kunye nokusebenza, iziko lokuzaliseka (FC) yindawo ebalulekileyo ebonakalayo okanye indawo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yokubonelela esebenza njenge-hub "ukuzalisekisa" - oku kuthetha ukugqiba okanye ukwanelisa imiyalelo yabathengi ngokulawula yonke inkqubo yokuzaliseka kwe-oda. Oku kubandakanya yonke into ukusuka kulawulo lwe-inventri kunye nokulungiswa kwe-odolo ukuya ekuthumeni, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, nokuphatha nayiphi na inkqubo yokubuyisela.
Ngaphaya koko, ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya kumaziko ozalisekiso, umntu unokuphonononga ukwahlulwa kwawo kusekwe kubunini kunye nobungcali. Ngelixa uninzi lwamaziko okuzaliseka aqhutywa yi ababoneleli bolungiselelo bomntu wesithathu (3PL), ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu ziqhuba awazo amaziko okuzalisekisa ukulawula iimfuno zeodolo yangaphakathi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba iziko lokuzaliseka liphethwe yi-3PL okanye icandelo langaphakathi lenkampani enkulu, banokugxila ekukhonzeni amashishini e-ecommerce okanye imisebenzi yokuthengisa izitena kunye nodaka, okanye banokugxila ngokukodwa kwi-Business-to-Consumer (B2C) okanye iBusiness-to-Business (B2B) ukuthengiselana. Amanye amaziko ozalisekiso oluphambili anokusebenza ngeendlela ezixubeneyo, ethatha indima yawo omabini amaziko okuzaliseka kwe-ecommerce kunye neenkampani zokuthengisa ezithengisayo kunye/okanye ukulawula zombini iimfuno ze-B2C kunye ne-B2B.
Ngaphandle kokuba nobuchule kwi-ecommerce, ukugxila kwi-B2C/B2B, okanye ukubandakanyeka ngokupheleleyo kulawulo lolungiselelo olubuyela umva kuphela, amaziko ofezekiso axhotyiswe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo obuchwephesha. Ezi mpawu zijoliswe kubuchwepheshe zihlala zibandakanya iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ezilungelelanisa inkqubo yokuzaliseka kwencwadana okanye ziquka iimpawu ezithile eziphuculweyo. Umzekelo, iziko lokuzalisekisa elilawulwa yiqondo lokushisa lilungele ixesha elinobuthathaka kunye nokuxhomekeka kweqondo lokushisa.
Iimpawu eziphambili zeziko lokuzaliseka
Ekubeni iziko lokuzaliseka lidlala indima ephambili ekuphumezeni umyalelo ovela kubathengi, kufuneka lixhotyiswe ngolawulo lwe-inventory oluphezulu kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha i-odolo ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo lo msebenzi. Ewe, ukulandelela ixesha lokwenyani kunye nolawulo lwe-inventri yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo anazo onke amaziko ozalisekiso. Phantse yonke imiba yogcino lwemveliso, kubandakanywa amanqanaba esitokhwe kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokugcina impahla efanelekileyo kunye nayo nayiphi na inxalenye yolawulo lwe-odolo inokubekwa iliso ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ilawulwe, kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezibanzi zolawulo lwempahla ngaphakathi kwamaziko okuzaliseka.
Ekugqibeleni, iinkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo ze-inventri zamaziko okuzaliseka zenzelwe ukuncedisa ekuququzeleleni inkqubo epheleleyo yokuphatha umyalelo wokuphela kokuphela. Yiyo loo nto ngaphandle kolawulo lwe-inventri, amaziko okuzalisekisa akwaxhotyiswe ngeempawu ezinokulawula kunye nokwenza ngcono ukulandelelana komsebenzi wonke. Ukusuka ekufumaneni iimpahla kumthengisi ukuya kuzichola, ukuzifaka, kunye nokupakisha njengoko kufuneka, ukuzithumela ngokufanelekileyo, iziko lokuzaliseka liyakwazi ukwenza yonke imisebenzi enjalo.
Okwangoku, amaziko okuzalisekisa angaphezulu abonelela ngeendlela ezikhethekileyo zokuphatha kunye nokugcinwa okulungiselelwe ukulungiselela iimfuno ezizodwa zemveliso. Ngaphandle koko, iindlela zokuphucula ezothutho eziphuculweyo ezifana ukuwela-docking nceda ukudlulisa iimveliso ezivela kwiimpahla ezingenayo ukuya kukuhanjiswa okuphumayo ngokuthe ngqo, ukunciphisa ixesha lokugcina kunye nokuphucula amanqanaba okuthengiswa kwempahla.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle konikezelo olulungelelanisiweyo kunye olubanzi kunye nenkonzo yokusetyenzwa kweodolo, amanye amaziko okuzalisekisa akwabonelela ngokudityaniswa komthungo wokusetyenzwa kweodolo kuzo zonke iindlela zokuthengisa. Okokugqibela, uninzi lwamaziko okuzaliseka nawo abonelela ngembuyekezo esemgangathweni kunye nolawulo lokubuyisela umva olunceda ukuphatha izinto ezibuyisiweyo kunye nokulawula ukubuyiselwa kweemveliso kwi-inventri.
Indlela esisebenza ngayo iziko lokuzaliseka
Ukwamkelwa koluhlu kunye nokugcinwa
Amanyathelo okuqala ekusebenzeni iziko lokuzalisekisa ahlala ebandakanya ukufumana kunye nokugcina iimpahla ezivela kubaxhasi okanye ababoneleli, okanye abavelisi ngokuthe ngqo. Inkqubo yolwamkelo lwe-inventri ikwabandakanya ukuhlolwa kunye nokutshekishwa komgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezichaziweyo phambi kokuba zihlelwe kwaye zigcinwe ngokobukhulu, ukuphindaphindwa kweodolo, kunye neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zokuchola okanye ukupakisha. Olu luhlu lwenzelwe ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza nangokulula kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempahla xa ii-odolo zingena.
Ulawulo lweodolo kunye nokusetyenzwa
Emva kokuba iimpahla zifunyenwe, zihlolwe, kwaye zigcinwe ngokufanelekileyo, inkqubo ezenzekelayo yeziko lokuzaliseka kufuneka iqinisekise ukukhethwa kweempahla ezizenzekelayo ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezichazwe ngaphambili nanini na kukho naziphi na iziqinisekiso zomyalelo. Emva koko iimpahla ziya kupakishwa kwaye zibhalwe ngokweenkcukacha zomyalelo, ngokulandela izikhokelo eziyimfuneko zokukhusela izinto ngokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokukhusela ezifana ne-bubble wrap okanye ukupakisha okwenziwe ngokwezifiso njengoko kufuneka.
Ukulungelelaniswa kokuthumela kunye nokuhanjiswa
Emva kokuba iodolo ipakishwe ngokufanelekileyo, iziko lokuzalisekisa kufuneka lilungelelanise kunye nabathwali benqanawa ukuze bathathwe ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhanjiswa kwangexesha kubathengi. Izicwangciso zezothutho ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu ezifana nokuwela i-docking okanye ukuphatha okukhethekileyo, kubandakanywa ukubandakanywa kwazo naziphi na izinto zokuthengisa kunye neelebhile eziqhelekileyo, zingaqeshwa ukunciphisa ixesha lokugcina kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokunikezelwa.
Ukubuyisela kunye nokubuyisela umva ulawulo lolungiselelo
Uxanduva lwamanye amaziko ozalisekiso alupheleli ekuzisweni okugqityiweyo koko lunwenwela ekwamkeleni ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezibuyisiweyo, ukuhlola nokugcina ezi zinto kwakhona xa kuyimfuneko. Ngethuba le nkqubo, ukuchithwa okanye ukuhlanganiswa kwakhona kwempahla ebuyisiweyo kwakhona kulawulwa ngononophelo ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi.
Ulawulo lwempahla yexesha langempela kunye nokuthotyelwa
Njengenxalenye yokusebenza ngokungenamthungo kweziko lozalisekiso, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amaziko ozalisekiso angoku kufuneka abandakanye itekhnoloji yamva nje yokuqinisekisa ulawulo lwempahla yexesha lokwenyani kunye nokuzaliswa kwakhona. Inkqubo yexesha lokwenyani kufuneka incedise ekubekeni iliso kumanqanaba esitokhwe kunye nemiyalelo yokulandela umkhondo ukuze kuncitshiswe nayiphi na imingcipheko yokuphela kwesitokhwe kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ekugqibeleni, kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuzaliseka, amaziko okuzaliseka kufuneka kwakhona aqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwerhafu kunye neemfuno zomthetho ngokweendima zabo ezithile okanye iimfuno zabaxhasi. Ngokomzekelo, kwimisebenzi ye-eCommerce, amaziko okuzaliseka kufuneka aqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yokwehla, ngelixa, kwiintengiselwano ze-B2B, kufuneka babambelele kwiimbophelelo ezisemthethweni zamatyala abandakanya ukuthengiswa kwempahla.
Ukuqonda izibonelelo kunye nokukhethwa kwamaziko okuzaliseka
Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa amaziko okuzaliseka
Ngelixa omabini amaziko okuzaliseka aphethwe yinkampani kunye ne-3PL ngalinye libonelela ngeenzuzo ezizodwa kubathengi babo, kukho iingenelo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezabelwana ngazo zezi ntlobo zimbini zamaziko okuzaliseka.
Okokuqala, endaweni yokusingatha imisebenzi ehlala iyindinisa kunye nentsonkothileyo, iziko lokuzalisekisa linceda abanini bamashishini batshintshe ingqwalasela yabo kwimisebenzi yeshishini engundoqo kunye nokukhula kobuchule endaweni yoko. Kumashishini aphumeza iodolo yangaphandle ukuya kwi-3PL, le nzuzo iba ngakumbi ngakumbi. Ngokusisiseko, la mashishini afumana ixesha elingakumbi kunye nezixhobo ngokukhuphela ngaphandle njengoko ulawulo lwabo lwempahla luba lula kwaye lungabi yimfuneko kangako. Ngaphaya koko, bayasityeshela isidingo sotyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kwizixhobo zetekhnoloji, isoftware, kunye nokuphuculwa kweenkqubo ezinokuthi ngokuqinisekileyo zibe neendleko ezinkulu.
Ngaphezulu kwezi zibonelelo zixhaphakileyo, amaziko ozalisekiso anceda ukufezekisa ukonga iindleko ngeendlela ezininzi: ukulungelelanisa imisebenzi kunye nokunyusa uqoqosho lwesikali ekuthumeleni iinqanawa ukuze kuxoxwe ngeerhafu ezingcono nabathwali. Ukuchaneka, amashishini axhomekeke kumaziko okuzaliseka aphethwe yi-3PL afumana ukonga okukhulu ngakumbi kwiimfuno ezincitshisiweyo zabasebenzi kunye nokupheliswa kweemfuno zeziseko ezingundoqo. Ngcono nangakumbi, olu londolozo lunokuthi emva koko lujoliswe ekuphuculeni ukuthengisa, inkonzo yabathengi, kunye nazo zonke ezinye iindawo ezinceda ekuphuculeni amava omthengi ngokubanzi.
Ngeli xesha, ngaphaya kwezi zibonelelo ziphambili ezabelwana ngazo zombini iindidi zamaziko ozalisekiso, kukho ezinye iingenelo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezikhethekileyo kumaziko ozalisekiso anikezelweyo: i-scalability kunye nendawo yobuchule. Ngokusisiseko, ekubeni la mashishini esindisa kwiindleko zokuseka kunye nokusebenza amaziko okuzaliseka kwawo, anokuziqhelanisa ngakumbi nezisombululo ezinobungozi ezinokuhlengahlengisa kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeshishini-nokuba lixesha eliphakamileyo, ixesha elingekho phezulu, okanye i-spike yethutyana kwimfuno ngenxa yokunyuswa.
Ezi zomelezwa ngakumbi ngeendawo zamaziko ofezekiso olucwangcisiweyo abekwe kufutshane neziseko eziphambili zabathengi okanye iindawo zokuthumela ngenqanawa. La maziko abekwe ngokucwangcisekileyo aphucula kakhulu ukufikelela kwimarike yamashishini akhetha amaziko okuzaliseka kwe-3PL, njengoko ukuhanjiswa kwawo kokugqibela ngoku kunokugqiba ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo, ethi incede ekuphuculeni ulindelo lwabathengi kunye nokuphucula amava okuhambisa ngokubanzi.
Izinto eziphambili ekukhetheni iziko lokuzaliseka
Ngaphandle kwamanye amashishini amakhulu okanye amashishini akhethekileyo afumanisa ukuba kuneendleko eziphezulu zokusebenzisa amaziko okuzaliseka kwawo, uninzi lwamashishini lukhetha amaziko okuzaliseka aqhutywa yi-3PL ngenxa yokuguquguquka okwahlukeneyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle abakunikezelayo. Ngokuhambelana nomkhwa onjalo okhulayo, kubalulekile ukuvavanya izinto eziphambili ekukhetheni iziko lokuzaliseka elifanelekileyo.
Nangona kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iziko lokuzaliseka eliphethwe yi-3PL, ukufumaneka kothungelwano olubanzi lwamaziko abekwe ngobuchule ngokuqinisekileyo phakathi kwezinto eziphambili eziphambili. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusondela kwala maziko kwiziseko zabathengi abaphambili kudla ngokutolika amaxabiso aphantsi othutho kunye namaxesha okuhambisa akhawulezayo, zombini zibalulekile ekutsaleni abathengi.
Ngaphaya koko, ubuchwephesha betekhnoloji kunye namandla okuzenzela kwiziko lokuzalisekisa zezinye izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka amashishini azivavanye. Ngokusisiseko, nokuba iqhubele phambili kangakanani na okanye izenzekela kangakanani na iziko lofezekiso, kubalulekile ukuba amashishini aqinisekise ukuba ahambelana ngokupheleleyo nolawulo lwawo loluhlu olukhoyo kunye nesoftware ehambelanayo yokudityaniswa komthungo, ixesha lokwenyani. Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuvavanya ukuhambelana kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo kuwo onke amaziko okuzaliseka kunye nobukho obubanzi bejografi ukugcina ukuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo kunye nokwaneliseka okungaguqukiyo kubathengi.
Ukuphumelela kunikezelwe
Ukusuka kwi-inventory reception and storage to management order, processing, shipping, and returns logistics management, amaziko okuzalisekisa axhotyiswe ngesoftware ephucukileyo kunye neenkqubo ezibonelela ngokulandelwa kwexesha langempela lokulandelela kunye nokuhlaziywa kwesimo sokuhanjiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe inkqubo yokuzaliseka ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ngamafutshane, amaziko okuzaliseka anceda amashishini alungelelanise inkqubo yokuzalisekisa iodolo yawo, ukufezekisa ukugcinwa kweendleko ngokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nangokucofa kwimisebenzi ephezulu kakhulu ukufumana amaxabiso athotyiweyo okuthumela abathwali. Iinkampani ezisebenzisa amaziko okuzaliseka aphethwe yi-3PL, ngokukodwa, zinokuzuza kulondolozo olubalulekileyo njengoko zidlula imfuno yabasebenzi abongezelelweyo kunye notyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo. Ngaphezu koko, la mashishini anokwenza imali kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo zamaziko e-3PL ukwandisa ukufikelela kwawo kwimarike.
Ngokuqwalasela iindawo ezicwangcisiweyo zamaziko okuzaliseka, ukusebenza kwabo kwenkonzo ehambelanayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuhambelana kweenkqubo ezifanelekileyo ezinokudibaniswa ngokufanelekileyo kwimisebenzi ekhoyo, amashishini angenza izigqibo ezinolwazi xa ukhetha amaziko okuzaliseka ngokufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo.
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