Iyure enye ukuya kwezine yokugcina ibhetri kwindawo yombane welanga inokunyusa kakhulu ingeniso yesiza kwiindawo ezinoxinano olukhulu lwabemi okanye amandla amaninzi elanga. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso elongezelelweyo liyancipha ngamandla okugcina adlula iiyure ezine.
INkqubo yokuGcina amandla eTioga
Umfanekiso: uRhwebo lweSolar Guy
Ivela kwimagazini ye-pv yase-USA
Imigca yeegridi zamandla ikhula ngamandla kwiiprojekthi zombane welanga, kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo ebandakanya i-solar-plus-storage (hybrid). Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimakethi ezincedisayo eTexas kunye neCalifornia imfuno ephezulu yangokuhlwa ibe yeyona nto kujoliswe kuyo kutyalo-mali lwebhetri.
Njengoko ezi marike zikhula ngokukhuphisana ngakumbi kunye neendleko zebhetri ziqhubeka nokuhla, abaphuhlisi bahlola amathuba amatsha okunyusa ixabiso, elifana nokubuyisela izixhobo ezikhoyo zamandla elanga. Iinkokeli zeshishini ezifana ne-NextEra kunye ne-BayWa zibonise ukuba ukubuyisela kwakhona kuya kuba ngumqhubi ophambili wengeniso ukuya phambili.
Njengoko bekulindelekile, uphononongo lufumene ukuba izityalo zamandla elanga-kunye nokugcinwa kwe-solar-plus-storage zibekwe kufuphi neendawo ezifunwa kakhulu, ezijongene nemiqobo ekwakheni umthamo omtsha kunye namava amaxabiso aphezulu amandla, zinokufikelela ekunyuseni okubalulekileyo kwengeniso. Ukongeza, imimandla enamandla amaninzi ahlaziyekayo (VRE), anje ngelanga nomoya, ikwaxhamle ekongezeni ukugcinwa kwebhetri ixesha elifutshane.
ETexas, umzekelo, ugcino lwebhetri luqhele ubungakanani bomthamo weyure enye, ngelixa eCalifornia, kumyinge weeyure ezine.
Kwiimeko zemodeli kunye nezixa ezikhulayo zokugcina amandla adityaniswe nezixhobo zelanga, abaphandi baye baqaphela ukungafani okuphawulekayo. Izityalo zeSolar kwingingqi zamaziko omthwalo zibone inzuzo enkulu yengeniso, ngelixa imimandla etyebileyo yeVRE ibonise ukonyuka kwepesenti ephezulu. Oku kubonakalisa iindleko eziphezulu zamandla kumaziko omthwalo, ngokuchaseneyo neendawo ezilawulwa yi-VRE apho amaxabiso ahlala ecinezelekile, kodwa amathuba amakhulu "e-duck curve" akhona.
Eyona pesenti ibalulekileyo yokunyuka kwengeniso nge-kilowatt-yure ivele ekongezeni ukuphuculwa kwebhetri yeyure enye.
Kumaziko omthwalo, ukuguqula izityalo ezizimeleyo kwi-solar-plus-storage kunye nokugcinwa kweyure enye kwandisa ixabiso lezo zityalo nge-48.8%, ukusuka kwi-$ 33.8 / MWh ukuya kwi-$ 50.3 / MWh. KwiiNdawo ezityebileyo nge-VRE, lo mkhwa uye wabonakala ngakumbi: iibhetri zeyure enye zonyuse amaxabiso aphakathi elanga kunye nezityalo zomoya ngama-80.5% kunye nama-81.1%, ngokulandelelanayo.
Uphononongo lwe-EMP lubandakanya i-caveat ephambili: Imodeli yengeniso ithatha "ukubona kwangaphambili okugqibeleleyo," imeko efanelekileyo apho abaqhubi bezityalo ze-solar-plus-storage banokuqikelela ngokugqibeleleyo amaxesha angcono okugcina kunye nokukhulula amandla. Ngokwenyani, abaqhubi bajongana nokungaqiniseki ekumiseleni elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha.
Ukufunyaniswa ukuba ngaphaya kweeyure ezine zokugcina kunika ingeniso encinci eyongezelelekileyo kuye kwabamangalisa abaphandi. Ngokutsho kolu hlolisiso, “ingeniso [yengeniso yekilowatt ngeyure] yonyuka ukusuka kwiiyure ezintlanu ukuya kwezisibhozo ubude bexesha yayincinane kakhulu (isi-7.3 ekhulwini nesi-6.1 ekhulwini kwilanga nomoya, ngokulandelelanayo).”
Esinye isiphumo esiphawulekayo kukuba ukubuyisela ngokutsha isityalo samandla elanga kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuvelisa umbane ngexesha "eliphezulu leeyure zomthwalo we-100" zonyaka, ukusuka kwi-20% ephantsi kunye neyure enye yokugcina ukuya kwi-100% kunye neeyure ezintlanu okanye ngaphezulu zokugcina.
Ababhali baphinde bavavanya urhwebo phakathi kokwandisa ixesha elide lebhetri kunye nokwenza ngcono ingeniso yexeshana elifutshane, bephawula ukuba "unyango oluntsonkothileyo lokuthotywa kwebhetri lunokuvumela ukonyuswa kwexabiso eliphezulu kubanini bezixhobo zamandla elanga kunye nokugcina." Kuzo zonke iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zokuthotywa kweebhetri, ingeniso yahluka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18%.
Ngenkqubela phambili yakutsha nje kubomi obude bebhetri, obufana neendleko “zeminyaka emihlanu yokuthotywa kweqanda”, ukubanakho kwengeniso kwezi zixhobo kunganyuka ngakumbi.
Amazinga asezantsi okuthotywa nawo adale amathuba amatsha engeniso ngokuvumela amaziko ukuba ahlawule kwigridi yombane ngeereyithi ezisezantsi ngeeyure ezingezizo ilanga. Esi sikhundla, ngoku sivunyelwe phantsi koMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwexabiso lentengo wase-US, songeza i-0.012/kWh eqikelelwayo kwithuba lengeniso.
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