Ukuqala kunye nokuqhuba umsebenzi ongenzi nzuzo kunokuzalisekisa ngendlela emangalisayo, ngakumbi ukuba umniniyo ufumana impembelelo kwiingcamango ezinkulu kunye nomnqweno wokwenza umahluko. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa umbono unokukhuthaza, ukufumana inzuzo engenzi nzuzo emhlabeni kuthatha ixesha kunye nomzamo.
Ukuze ube ngumnini, kufuneka uqokelele amaphepha kunye namaxwebhu abonisa ukuba umbutho usebenzela uluntu kwaye ufanelekele iwonga lokungahlawuliswa irhafu. Nje ukuba ucime loo miqobo, unokuntywila kumsebenzi wokwenyani-ukunyusa imali, ukwakha iqela, kunye nokwenza impembelelo entle. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde indlela yokuqalisa ishishini elingenzi nzuzo elinempumelelo ngamanyathelo alithoba anefuthe.
Isiqulatho
Yintoni engenzi nzuzo, kwaye zithini izibonelelo zazo?
Amanyathelo ali-9 okunceda ukuqalisa impumelelo engenzi nzuzo
Ukusondeza phezulu
Yintoni engenzi nzuzo, kwaye zithini izibonelelo zazo?
I-nonprofit lishishini elenzelwe ukusebenzela injongo engaphaya kokwenza imali. Ngokusemthethweni, ngumbutho i-IRS ewuqaphelayo njengokhululiwe kwirhafu kuba uxhasa injongo yentlalontle enceda uluntu. Cinga ngezinto ezinjengokugcina imbali, ukwenza uphando lwezenzululwazi, ukukhusela izilwanyana, okanye ukukhulisa uqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni.
Naziphi na iimali ezingenzi nzuzo ezizisayo ziya ngqo kwinjongo yazo, hayi abantu okanye abaninizabelo. Abantu bakwabiza ii-non-profits non-stock corporations okanye i-501(c)(3) imibutho, ngokuxhomekeke kwinxalenye ethile yekhowudi yerhafu ebanika iwonga labo lokungahlawuliswa rhafu.
Nazi iingenelo ezimbalwa zokuqalisa inhlangano engenzi nzuzo:
- Umbutho ungafumana isimo sokungahlawuliswa irhafu ye-federal, okuthetha ukuba abanini abayi kuhlawula iirhafu zomdibaniso kwingeniso yabo.
- Abangenzi nzuzo nabo banako ukufumana ikhefu lerhafu lasekuhlaleni kunye norhulumente.
- Abanini abangenzi ngeniso banokufumana amalizo ebantwini nakweminye imibutho ukunceda ngenkxaso-mali kubizo lwabo.
- Abanini banokufaka izicelo zenkxaso-mali kwii-arhente zikarhulumente kunye neziseko, ezinokubonelela ngenkxaso eyongezelelweyo kumsebenzi.
Kwi-flip side, ii-nonprofits azinayo imingeni yazo. Abanini kufuneka basebenzele ukunceda uluntu kuphela, hayi ukunceda abaninizabelo okanye abantu babucala. Abangenzi nzuzo nabo kufuneka babambe iintlanganiso zebhodi rhoqo, baphinde batyale nayiphi na inzuzo kwintlangano, kwaye bagcine iingxelo zemali ezineenkcukacha ukugcina imeko yabo yokungahlawuliswa irhafu.
Amanyathelo ali-9 okunceda ukuqalisa impumelelo engenzi nzuzo
Inyathelo 1: Yenza isiseko esomeleleyo
Phambi kokujongana namaphepha kunye nokufayilisha kwabasemagunyeni berhafu, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela uluntu okanye iqela elingenzi nzuzo eliza kusebenzela. Ukuchonga imfuno ethile kuluntu kunye nokuyixhasa ngedatha yindlela eqinileyo yokuqala ukwakha isiseko esingenzi nzuzo.
Ingxelo ecacileyo, eyenziwe kakuhle yobuthunywa iqhubela phambili abangenzi nzuzo kwaye ikhuthaze abasebenzi, amavolontiya, kunye nabaxhasi. Xa yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, igcina intlangano igxile kwaye inceda ukukhokela izigqibo ezibalulekileyo endleleni. Nanga amanye amacebiso okubhala ingxelo yobuthunywa eyomeleleyo:
- Yigcine icacile, ilula, kwaye kulula ukuyikhumbula.
- Cacisa ukuba yintoni eyenziwa ngumbutho ongenzi nzuzo kunye nonobangela wokuba ixhase kwisivakalisi esinye okanye ezibini.
- Khumbula, ingxelo yobuthunywa inokuvela njengoko umbutho ukhula.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Yakha isicwangciso soshishino esiluqilima
Isicwangciso soshishino esicacileyo seshishini elingenzi nzuzo siya kunceda abanini baqonde ukuba yimalini na intlangano yabo elindele ukuyizisa kunye noko banokufikelela-njengokuqesha abasebenzi kunokuba bathembele kumavolontiya okanye baqeshe umongameli okanye i-CEO. Ikwabonisa nokuba kuya kufuneka kangakanani na ukuxhomekeka kwiminikelo ukuxhasa imisebenzi yabo yokwenza ingeniso.
Isicwangciso soshishino esomeleleyo siya kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Isishwankathelo solawulo: Ujongo olukhawulezayo lwenjongo yombutho ongenzi nzuzo, isishwankathelo sophando lwemarike esibonisa imfuno yoluntu, kunye nendlela abangenzi nzuzo baceba ukuhlangabezana naloo mfuno.
- Iinkonzo kunye nefuthe: Ukuntywila nzulu kwiinkqubo, iinkonzo, okanye iimveliso eziza kunikezelwa ngumbutho kunye nenkcazo ecacileyo yeenjongo zayo zokudala utshintsho oluhle.
- Isicwangciso sentengiso: Iqhinga lokusasaza ilizwi malunga nokungenzi nzuzo kunye neenkonzo zayo.
- Isicwangciso sokusebenza: Ucazululo lwemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kubandakanywa ubume bombutho kunye nokuba yintoni eya kufezwa yindima nganye.
- Isicwangciso semali: Esi sicwangciso sivavanya impilo yezoqoqosho yomnini, kubandakanywa ukuhamba kwemali, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, umvuzo, iindleko, imithombo yengeniso, iimfuno zokuqalisa, kunye neendleko eziqhubekayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke, khangela ukuba eminye imibutho ijongana nemiba efanayo. Abangenzi nzuzo baya kukhuphisana ngabanikeli kunye nezibonelelo ukuba elinye iqela lenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Ukunqanda oku, abanini banokusebenzisa isixhobo sendawo seBhunga leSizwe leZingenzi-nzuzo ukubona ezinye ii-nonprofits kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba i-mission ibalasele.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Khetha igama elifanelekileyo
Into elandelayo ekufuneka yenziwe ngabanini kukhetha igama elikhethekileyo lokungenzi nzuzo kwabo, ngokufanelekileyo into ebonisa uthumo kunye nento eyenziwa ngumbutho. Ukuba ubambekile ekufumaneni igama eligqibeleleyo, banokusebenzisa iijenereyitha zegama leshishini (njenge Imodeli kaShopify) ukuvusa izimvo kwaye ufumane iijusi zoyilo ezihambayo.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Gqiba ngobume boshishino
I-IRS iqaphela malunga neshumi elinesibini leentlobo zemibutho engenzi nzuzo, equka yonke into ukusuka kwimibutho yesisa ukuya kwitrasti zenzuzo yabasebenzi basezimayini kunye neengxowa-mali zomhlalaphantsi zootitshala. Nazi iindidi ezine eziqhelekileyo zokungenzi nzuzo:
1. 501(c)(3): Imibutho yesisa
Olu luhlu lubandakanya imibutho eyahlukeneyo yenkolo, imfundo, isisa, inzululwazi kunye noncwadi. Ikwabandakanya imibutho yesisa kawonke-wonke, iziseko zabucala, kunye nemibutho yezemidlalo engaqhelekanga eququzelela ukhuphiswano lwesizwe okanye lwamazwe ngamazwe.
I-501(c)(3) inokubandakanya nomxhasi wemali, onceda ukulawula nokuxhasa iiprojekthi zesisa. Le mibutho yesisa imele incede uluntu ngandlel’ ithile, yaye iminikelo eyenziwa kuyo itsalwa irhafu kulowo unikelayo.
2. 501(c)(5): Imibutho yabasebenzi, yezolimo, neyezitiya
Imibutho yabasebenzi, njengemibutho namaqela ezolimo, idla ngokuwela kolu didi. Bagxininisa ekumeleni iimfuno zabasebenzi kunye neengxoxo ezidibeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, iminikelo kule mibutho ayitsalwa rhafu.
3. 501(c)(7): Iiklabhu zezentlalo nezolonwabo
Olu luhlu lubandakanya iiklabhu zentlalo kunye nezolonwabo ezimiselwe ukonwabela amalungu azo kunye nokuzonwabisa. Imizekelo ibandakanya iiklabhu zelizwe, amaqela okuzonwabisa, iiklabhu zemidlalo, kunye nabazalwana. Ukongeza, iminikelo kwezi klabhu ayitsalwa rhafu.
4. 501(c)(9): Imibutho yabaxhamli babasebenzi
Ezi zingenzi nzuzo zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezifana ne-inshurensi yezempilo kunye nomhlalaphantsi. Cinga ngemibutho elawula i-inshurensi yabasebenzi kunye nezicwangciso zezibonelelo. Banikezela ngobomi, ukugula, kunye nokhuseleko lwengozi kumalungu abo, ngokuqhelekileyo abasebenzi benkampani okanye iqela elithile.
Inyathelo lesi-5: Yenza umbutho ongenzi nzuzo ngokusemthethweni
Emva kokuba abanini benze ezona zigqibo zibalulekileyo kwaye bayila amaxwebhu ayimfuneko, lixesha lokubandakanya ukukhululwa kwirhafu engenzi nzuzo ngokusesikweni. Ngelixa ilizwe ngalinye linenkqubo yalo, ngokubanzi, abanini baya kufuna:
- Fayile amanqaku okubandakanyiweyo aquka igama lombutho.
- Nika amalungu ebhodi iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano.
- Khetha ubume bomthetho (inkampani engenzi nzuzo, i-LLC, intsebenziswano, njl.).
- Ngenisa amaphepha okubandakanyiweyo kunobhala karhulumente we-ofisi karhulumente.
- Gcwalisa ubhaliso lokucela isisa kwilizwe labo kwaye uhlawule nayiphi na imali.
- Faka isicelo sokuxolelwa kwirhafu kwi-IRS.
Uninzi lwemibutho isebenzisa i-IRS Form 1023 (ifomu ende) ukufaka isicelo sokuxolelwa kwirhafu. Ukuba abangenzi nzuzo balindele ukwenza ngaphantsi kwe-US $50,000 ngonyaka, abanini banokufaneleka ukufumana ifom ye-1023-EZ elula. Ukuba i-IRS iyasamkela isicelo, abanini baya kufumana ileta yokumisela ukubonisa isimo sabo esivunyiweyo sokuxolelwa kwirhafu.
Inyathelo lesi-6: Fumana i-EIN kwaye uvule iakhawunti yebhanki
Ukufumana iNombolo yeSaziso soMqeshi (EIN), gcwalisa i-IRS Form SS-4. Abanini bangayifumana le fomu kwi-intanethi, ngeposi, okanye ngefeksi. Emva koko, banokuthumela kwi-IRS.
Okulandelayo, abanini abangenzi nzuzo banokuvula iakhawunti yebhanki. Baza kufuna i-EIN yabo, igama lombutho, idilesi, kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano. Nazi ezinye iibhanki eziphezulu zokungenzi nzuzo, ngokutsho I-NerdWallet:
- UkuBhengezaClub
- Bluevine
- Bank yaseU.S.
- Phila iBhanki ye-Oak
Inyathelo 7: Khetha ibhodi yabalawuli
Ubungakanani kunye nokwakheka kwebhodi kuya kuxhomekeka kwimithetho karhulumente kunye nemithetho yombutho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iibhodi ziphakathi kwamalungu amathathu kunye nama-31, kwaye uninzi luzimele, oko kuthetha ukuba ababandakanyekanga ngokuthe ngqo kumbutho.
Amalungu ebhodi adlala indima ephambili: ukuqesha kunye nokongamela umlawuli olawulayo, avume uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kwaye aqinisekise ukuba umbutho uhlala unyanisekile kumsebenzi wawo. Emva kokuba abanini bebhodi benamalungu ambalwa anokuba ngamalungu ebhodi, kufuneka babavotele ngexesha lentlanganiso, ngakumbi ukuba umbutho unamalungu.
Emva kokuba ibhodi ikhona, abanini banokunyula amagosa, kuquka umongameli, usekela-mongameli, unobhala kunye nonondyebo. Ezi ndima zidla ngokuthatha ixesha elingangonyaka, kwaye amagosa anoxanduva lokuqhuba iintlanganiso zebhodi nokuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo ziyaphunyezwa.
Inyathelo lesi-8: Yila imithetho kamasipala kunye nongquzulwano lwemigaqo-nkqubo yomdla
Imithetho yedolophu yenkampani engenzi nzuzo ibeka imigaqo yendlela umbutho oqhuba ngayo, indlela oza kwenza ngayo izigqibo, ukhethe amagosa, kwaye ubambe iintlanganiso zebhodi. Ngokufanayo, imigaqo-nkqubo yongquzulwano yomdla iqinisekisa ukuba amagosa, amalungu ebhodi, kunye nabasebenzi abayisebenzisi ingeniso yenzuzo yabo. Ibhodi inoxanduva lokuyivuma le migaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala isexesheni.
Inyathelo lesi-9: Qalisa iphulo lokunyusa ingxowa-mali
Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-nonprofit iya kufuna isicwangciso esiluqilima sokunyusa imali kunye nalapho iya kuvela khona. Ukuba abanini abanayo inkxaso-mali eyomeleleyo kwasekuqaleni, kuya kuba nzima ukuba umbutho wabo uhlale ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba uphume. Ezinye iindlela ezinokwenzeka zokukhusela inkxaso-mali ziquka iigranti kunye ne-accelerators zokuqalisa.
Ukusondeza phezulu
Bakuba abanini-ngeniso benawo onke amaxwebhu abo asemthethweni avunyiweyo kunye nomthombo wenkxaso-mali ukhuselwe, banokuqhubeka nokusungulwa kwabo ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa ayisosiphelo sohambo eso. Abanini abangenzi nzuzo kufuneka bathengise ukusungulwa kwabo kubo bonke abanokuba ngabaxhasi.
Nangona ukudala impumelelo engenzi nzuzo kuya kuthatha ixesha elithile, isicwangciso esifanelekileyo sokuthengisa sinokunceda ukulungelelanisa inkqubo. Umzekelo, ii-nonprofits ezikhawulezayo zinokufikelela kwabo banokuba ngabaxhasi, kokukhona bengcono amathuba abo okuphumelela ngaphaya kosungulo lokuqala. Imisebenzi engenzi nzuzo inokuba ngumsebenzi omninzi, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo iwufanele abantu abanethemba lokwenza umahluko.
